Metallic zinc-based anodes often encounter challenges such as dendrite growth, side reactions, and by-product generation, leading to diminished reversibility. This study introduces a novel approach ...by introducing methyl acetate as a cosolvent into an aqueous electrolyte based on Zn(OTf)2 through a salting-in effect. Regulating the solvation sheath structure of Zn2+ enables the formation of cathode electrolyte interphase and anode electrolyte interphase, enhancing the stability of the vanadium-base cathode and zinc metal anode, respectively. The incorporation of this cosolvent allows for prolonged operation of Zn//Cu half-cells for over 1500 cycles with the average columbic efficiency of 99.82 % under a current density of 1 mA cm−2. When zinc anodes are paired with NaV3O8·1.5 H2O cathodes, a remarkable 80 % of the capacity can be maintained after 1500 cycles under a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, even under conditions of a 6 mg cm−2 mass loading and a negative to positive ratio of 3, the full battery demonstrates 77 % capacity retention after 300 cycles. This dual-interphase strategy provides valuable insights into advancing the stability of vanadium-based zinc metal batteries.
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•Anion-rich solvation sheath structure formed in the electrolyte.•Inorganic SEI is derived at anode surface.•Cosolvent-based CEI inhibits the dissolution of cathode material.•The interruption of water hydrogen bond network alleviates the side reactions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A new photovoltaic/thermal-thermocapacitive heat engine hybrid system is proposed.•Each component within the hybrid system is mathematically described in detail.•Performance indicators for the ...hybrid system are mathematically formulated.•The proposed hybrid system is more efficient than the sole photovoltaic module.•Effects of some decisive design parameters and operation conditions are revealed.
Effective thermal management can significantly boost the photovoltaic module (PVM) performance due to the suppression of PVM temperature. In this paper, a thermally-driven thermocapacitive heat engine (TCHE) is proposed to harvest the long wavelengths of sunlight transmitted through PVM with the help of solar selective absorber for the aim of additional power production. The performance potentials of the conceptualized hybrid system are evaluated based on the models of PVM and TCHE considering multiple irreversible effects. Calculative results indicate that maximum power density and maximum energy efficiency of the PVM-TCHE hybrid system are, respectively, 38.74% and 38.56% higher than those of the single PVM, showing that TCHE is an effective thermal management approach for PVM. In addition, the influences of various design variables and operation conditions are studied to find clues for further improving the overall performance. Sensitivity analyses show that a larger operating temperature of PVM, diode ideality factor, ion concentration of electrolyte or charge cut-off voltage positively benefits the performance, while a larger ambient temperature or warm-up time worsens the performance. The charge during the charging process and discharging process can be optimally allocated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) produced by dams can have negative ecological consequences and development of appropriate mitigation requires facility specific information. In this study, a ...computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and an analytical model for air entrainment were used to investigate how different flow deflector designs influence TDG production. Specifically, an evaluation was conducted to assess the influence of various flow deflector designs and installation positions within the spillways at the Hugh Keenleyside Dam, B.C, Canada, on both the production of TDG supersaturation and energy dissipation. Model results indicate that the CFD model incorporating an air entrainment model reliably predicts the production of TDG supersaturation. While the installation of a straight submerged deflector can successfully reduce TDG production by up to 16%, it also results in a significant decrease in energy dissipation rate, which can be up to 25%. After installing baffle blocks below water surface, the production of TDG supersaturation can be decreased by about 9%, with little decrease of energy dissipation (7%). The effectiveness of flow deflectors in enhancing energy dissipation and reducing TDG production depends on their depth placement, with optimal results achieved at a specific depth below the water surface. Nevertheless, beyond this depth, both TDG production and energy dissipation exhibit a significant decline. This study provides an advanced tool capable of accurately predicting TDG production under different operational conditions and mitigative alternatives. Results from this study offer insights for spillway design or retrofitting to optimize the mitigation of TDG supersaturation while maintaining energy dissipation.
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•Supersaturated total dissolved gas (TDG) downstream of a dam harms river ecosystem.•A numerical model incorporating air entrainment and bubble size predicts TDG.•Flow deflectors can reduce TDG production but affect energy dissipation.•Flow deflectors were optimized to minimize TDG and maintain energy dissipation.•This study serves as a basis for spillway design to mitigate ecological TDG impact.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Copper fungicides are fungicides have a wide application, but their toxicity to plant growth and the damage they cause to the environment cannot be ignored. As such, the novel, low toxicity biogenic ...copper fungicide has strong industrial application prospects. Herein, pyridinylcarbonyl chitooligosaccharide ligands (pCOSx) and their copper complexes (pCOSx-Cu) were synthesized. The results showed that a p-π-π conjugated system was formed in pCOSx, resulting in the formation of a slowly dissociated coordination bond between the nitrogen atom of pyridyl and Cu2+ in pCOSx-Cu. The cumulative release rate of Cu2+ is positively correlated with the electron donating ability of pyridyl. Compared with the commercial copper fungicide thiodiazole‑copper, pCOSx-Cu exhibited better antifungal activity, lower phytotoxicity and better biocompatibility. This work demonstrated that it was feasible to construct a conjugated system in a chitooligosaccharide copper complex to improve slow-release performance, which laid a foundation for the in-depth study of green copper fungicides.
Chitooligosaccharide (PubChem CID: 3086191); Nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 88438); Isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (PubChem CID: 12262826); 2-chloronicotinoyl chloride (PubChem CID: 2774541); Trimethylchlorosilane (PubChem CID: 6397); Tetrabutylammonium fluoride (PubChem CID: 2724141); Copper (II) acetate monohydrate (PubChem CID: 165397).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An oxalate-based DES with a tetrabutyl ammonium chloride and oxalate acid molar ratio of 1/2 (TBO1 : 2) exhibited high activity in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under mild ...reaction conditions. It is potentially a promising and highly environmentally friendly approach for desulfurization of fuels.
An oxalate-based DES with a tetrabutyl ammonium chloride and oxalate acid molar ratio of 1/2 (TBO1 : 2) exhibited high activity in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under mild reaction conditions.
A prestressed stayed steel column is an efficient and lightweight method of enhancing the stability of a traditional compression steel column. In the past, a large number of repeated numerical ...analyses had to be conducted to determine the optimal crossarm length of a structural system. This motivates the study of an optimization method that can be adopted to determine the optimal crossarm length directly. A sensitivity analysis of the linear buckling load is carried out based on the finite element theory, and an optimization algorithm is adopted to capture the optimal crossarm length. The optimization method is programmed in MATLAB and validated by numerical analysis. The post-buckling behavior of prestressed stayed steel columns with different crossarm arrangement schemes is also comparatively analyzed. It is demonstrated that the proposed optimization method is sufficiently accurate to predict an optimal crossarm length that corresponds to the maximum buckling load. The results presented in this study should be of great assistance in updating design procedures for prestressed stayed steel columns.
•A novel optimization method of determining the optimal crossarm length of prestressed stayed steel columns is proposed.•The characteristic of the buckling mode corresponds to the optimal crossarm length is demonstrated.•Imperfection sensitivity analysis of prestressed stayed steel column with optimal crossarm lengths is conducted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•An anti-noise method of planar array capacitance sensor was proposed.•Sensitive area of capacitor was analyzed.•The contribution of capacitors to pixels of reconstructed image was ...analyzed.•An anti-noise coefficient matrix was built to optimize the reconstruction process.•The effectiveness of this method was verified by experiments.
Planar array capacitance imaging technology is a kind of nondestructive testing technology applied to defect detection of composite materials. In the imaging process, the image quality is often poor due to the environment noise and the ill-posed of inverse problem solving. In this paper, an image reconstruction optimization method is proposed. Based on the analysis of the sensitive region of a single pair of electrodes and the contribution of capacitance value to each solution unit, an optimization matrix which is calculated by adjusting the contribution coefficient of each capacitance value to different solution units is proposed to optimize the sensitive field. Finally, simulation and experiment results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Through the average relative error of each pixel of the reconstructed image before and after optimization, it can be seen that the error of reconstructed images at two different positions are reduced by an average of 3.22 % and 1.62 % respectively, while verified this method can effectively improve the reconstructed image and improve the anti-noise ability of the image.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Introduction: Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents and has been widely used for treatment of various types of cancers. However, the clinical chemotherapy of DTX gives ...many undesirable side effects due to the usage of organic solvent in the injection and its low selectivity for tumor cells. With the evolution of pharmaceutical technologies, great efforts have been paid to develop new DTX formulations to overcome these problems.
Areas covered: This review provided an overview of the preparation and activities of new DTX formulations, which were classified by administration methods, including injection, oral, transdermal and rectal administration. Besides, up to date information of the clinical status of new DTX formulations was summarized. We also discussed the challenges and perspectives of the future development of DTX formulations.
Expert opinion: There have been numerous studies on new DTX-based formulations in recent years, and many of them exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor and targeting activity compared with DTX in preclinical studies. However, only a few entered clinical trials, and none has been approved into market. The clinical translation of experimental drug faces many hurdles, including the limited knowledge of nanomedicine and oncology, safety issues, controllable and reproducible production.
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•This study examined the determinants of emissions in Pakistan.•The direct effect of financial development increases the carbon emissions.•The agricultural and industrial sectors are ...eco-friendly in Pakistan.•Indirect impact of FD has a significant contribution to environmental quality.
As the net of environmental challenges becomes tight, policymakers and higher authorities are trying to find the best alternative to deal with these problems. Therefore, the globe has introduced several initiatives to become sustainable, but developing economies have other priorities for their nations, such as hunger, poverty, and economic progress. However, Pakistan is a leading example that faces several issues besides environmental pollution. By keeping everything constant, this study seeks to present sustainability’s leading factors in Pakistan for the chosen period 1974–2018. This empirical research incorporates a series of estimators that help examine the effects of income, urbanization, technology, monetary progress, and industrial and agriculture sectors on environmental sustainability. Similarly, the obtained findings show the inclusion of all environmental determinants in carbon emissions (CO2), except industrial & agriculture industries. Both sectors significantly show a decline in emissions by 0.163%, 0.162% & 0.165% and 0.090%, 0.095% & 0.093%, respectively. In addition, the moderate role of financial development does not show a significant change in agriculture & industrial behaviour towards sustainability. Thus, the financial sector does not perform well in reducing environmental pressure. Hence, higher authorities must reshape their economic policies and ensure the green allocation of financial resources that help attain sustainability. In concluding remarks, financial resources are not allocated to sustainable activities. Thus, other developing economies can use this research as an example to allocate their financial resources to domestic sectors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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