For high-temperature catalytic reaction, it is of significant importance and challenge to construct stable active sites in catalysts. Herein, we report the construction of sufficient and stable ...copper clusters in the copper‒ceria catalyst with high Cu loading (15 wt.%) for the high-temperature reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Under very harsh working conditions, the ceria nanorods suffered a partial sintering, on which the 2D and 3D copper clusters were formed. This partially sintered catalyst exhibits unmatched activity and excellent durability at high temperature. The interaction between the copper and ceria ensures the copper clusters stably anchored on the surface of ceria. Abundant in situ generated and consumed surface oxygen vacancies form synergistic effect with adjacent copper clusters to promote the reaction process. This work investigates the structure-function relation of the catalyst with sintered and inhomogeneous structure and explores the potential application of the sintered catalyst in C1 chemistry.
The gut microbiota has been linked to cardiovascular diseases. However, the composition and functional capacity of the gut microbiome in relation to cardiovascular diseases have not been ...systematically examined. Here, we perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from 218 individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) and 187 healthy controls. The ACVD gut microbiome deviates from the healthy status by increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus spp. and, functionally, in the potential for metabolism or transport of several molecules important for cardiovascular health. Although drug treatment represents a confounding factor, ACVD status, and not current drug use, is the major distinguishing feature in this cohort. We identify common themes by comparison with gut microbiome data associated with other cardiometabolic diseases (obesity and type 2 diabetes), with liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Our data represent a comprehensive resource for further investigations on the role of the gut microbiome in promoting or preventing ACVD as well as other related diseases.The gut microbiota may play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors perform a metagenome-wide association study on stools from individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and healthy controls, identifying microbial strains and functions associated with the disease.
ABSTRACT
Innovations in genomics have enabled the development of low‐cost, high‐resolution, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays that accelerate breeding progress and support basic ...research in crop science. Here, we developed and validated the SoySNP618K array (618,888 SNPs) for the important crop soybean. The SNPs were selected from whole‐genome resequencing data containing 2,214 diverse soybean accessions; 29.34% of the SNPs mapped to genic regions representing 86.85% of the 56,044 annotated high‐confidence genes. Identity‐by‐state analyses of 318 soybeans revealed 17 redundant accessions, highlighting the potential of the SoySNP618K array in supporting gene bank management. The patterns of population stratification and genomic regions enriched through domestication were highly consistent with previous findings based on resequencing data, suggesting that the ascertainment bias in the SoySNP618K array was largely compensated for. Genome‐wide association mapping in combination with reported quantitative trait loci enabled fine‐mapping of genes known to influence flowering time, E2 and GmPRR3b, and of a new candidate gene, GmVIP5. Moreover, genomic prediction of flowering and maturity time in 502 recombinant inbred lines was highly accurate (>0.65). Thus, the SoySNP618K array is a valuable genomic tool that can be used to address many questions in applied breeding, germplasm management, and basic crop research.
To accelerate breeding progress and support basic research in soybean, the customized SoySNP618K array contains 618,888 SNPs selected from > 2,000 diverse, re‐sequenced soybean genomes. SoySNP618K is a valuable genomic tool to address questions in applied breeding, germplasm management, and basic research.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Biomass is the sole renewable organic carbon resource in nature. Conversion of Biomass can produce a series of platform molecules. As an essential multi-purpose bioderived furanic platform compound, ...5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be effectively transformed into a variety of value-added derivatives due to its rich chemistry and potential availability, which is an ideal renewable alternative to fossil fuels. This review highlights recent advances in the development of efficient catalytic systems for the conversion of HMF, especially heterogeneous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts have advantages in facile separation and recovery, tunable performance by adjusting catalyst structures. Simultaneously, we mainly focus on the application of downstream products in material monomers, pharmaceutical intermediates, and fuels. Furthermore, a few potential research trends are also proposed, in order to provide some useful ideas for the further exploration of the utilization and conversion of HMF in a much simple, efficient, and economical way.
•Highly summarized recent advances in the conversion of HMF into monomers, fuels, and pharmaceutical intermediates•Discussion of research priorities and current challenges in the preparation of HMF downstream products•Prospects for potential research directions downstream of HMF
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ulcerative colitis has been widely concerned for its persistent upward trend, and the sustained overproduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 remains a crucial factor in the development ...of UC. Therefore, the identification of new effective drugs to block inflammatory responses is an urgent and viable therapeutic strategy for UC. In our research, twenty‐three 6‐acylamino/sulfonamido benzoxazolone derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for anti‐inflammatory activity against NO and IL‐6 production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that most of the target compounds were capable of reducing the overexpression of NO and IL‐6 to a certain degree. For the most active compounds 3i, 3j and 3 l, the inhibitory activities were superior or equivalent to those of the positive drug celecoxib with a dose‐dependent relationship. Furthermore, animal experiments revealed that active derivatives 3i, 3j and 3 l exhibited definitive therapeutical effect on DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice by mitigating weight loss and DAI score while decreasing levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6 and IFN‐γ, simultaneously increasing production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐10. In addition, compounds 3i, 3j and 3 l could also inhibit the oxidative stress to alleviate ulcerative colitis by decreasing MDA and MPO levels. These finding demonstrated that compounds 3i, 3j and 3 l hold significant potential as novel therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In response to stressors, individuals adopt different behavioral styles, which are essential for survival and form the basis of differential susceptibility to stress-related disorders. ...Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have predominantly been studied in behavioral response to stress, while the role of mPFC CRF neurons is poorly understood. Using morphology, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging approaches, we characterized mPFC CRF neurons as a unique subtype of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that were directly engaged in the tail suspension challenge. Genetic ablation or chemogenetic inhibition of dorsal mPFC (dmPFC) CRF neurons increased immobility under the tail-suspension and forced-swimming challenges and induced social avoidance behavior, whereas activation had the opposite effect on the same measures. Furthermore, increasing CRF neuronal activity promoted durable resilience to repeated social defeat stress. These results uncover a critical role of mPFC CRF interneurons in bidirectionally controlling motivated behavioral style selection under stress.
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•Prefrontal CRF GABAergic interneurons are recruited during behavioral challenges•Manipulation of CRF neurons motivates selection of behavioral styles under challenges•Activation of CRF neurons promotes persistent stress-resistant behaviors
Chen et al. identify a population of mPFC CRF neurons that form monosynaptic GABAergic inhibitory connections with pyramidal cells and play a key role in controlling behavioral style selection in the face of various stressful challenges.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Newtonian gravitational constant, G, is one of the most fundamental constants of nature, but we still do not have an accurate value for it. Despite two centuries of experimental effort, the value ...of G remains the least precisely known of the fundamental constants. A discrepancy of up to 0.05 per cent in recent determinations of G suggests that there may be undiscovered systematic errors in the various existing methods. One way to resolve this issue is to measure G using a number of methods that are unlikely to involve the same systematic effects. Here we report two independent determinations of G using torsion pendulum experiments with the time-of-swing method and the angular-acceleration-feedback method. We obtain G values of 6.674184 × 10
and 6.674484 × 10
cubic metres per kilogram per second squared, with relative standard uncertainties of 11.64 and 11.61 parts per million, respectively. These values have the smallest uncertainties reported until now, and both agree with the latest recommended value within two standard deviations.
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KISLJ, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The metal-support interfaces between metals and oxide supports have long been studied in catalytic applications, thanks to their significance in structural stability and efficient catalytic ...activity. The metal-rare earth oxide interface is particularly interesting because these early transition cations have high electrophilicity, and therefore good binding strength with Lewis basic molecules, such as H
2
O. Based on this feature, here we design a highly efficient composite Ni-Y
2
O
3
catalyst, which forms abundant active Ni-NiO
x
-Y
2
O
3
interfaces under the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction condition, achieving 140.6 μmol
CO
g
cat
−1
s
−1
rate at 300 °C, which is the highest activity for Ni-based catalysts. A combination of theory and ex/in situ experimental study suggests that Y
2
O
3
helps H
2
O dissociation at the Ni-NiO
x
-Y
2
O
3
interfaces, promoting this rate limiting step in the WGS reaction. Construction of such new interfacial structure for molecules activation holds great promise in many catalytic systems.
Genetic variants conferring risk for schizophrenia (SCZ) have been extensively studied, but the role of posttranscriptional mechanisms in SCZ is not well studied. Here we performed the first ...genome-wide microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling in serum-derived exosome from 49 first-episode, drug-free SCZ patients and 46 controls and identified miRNAs and co-regulated modules that were perturbed in SCZ. Putative targets of these SCZ-affected miRNAs were enriched strongly for genes that have been implicated in protein glycosylation and were also related to neurotransmitter receptor and dendrite (spine) development. We validated several differentially expressed blood exosomal miRNAs in 100 SCZ patients as compared with 100 controls by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The potential regulatory relationships between several SCZ-affected miRNAs and their putative target genes were also validated. These include hsa-miR-206, which is the most upregulated miRNA in the blood exosomes of SCZ patients and that previously reported to regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, which we showed reduced mRNA and protein levels in the blood of SCZ patients. In addition, we found 11 miRNAs in blood exosomes from the miRNA sequence data that can be used to classify samples from SCZ patients and control subjects with close to 90% accuracy in the training samples, and approximately 75% accuracy in the testing samples. Our findings support a role for exosomal miRNA dysregulation in SCZ pathophysiology and provide a rich data set and framework for future analyses of miRNAs in the disease, and our data also suggest that blood exosomal miRNAs are promising biomarkers for SCZ.
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