Kidney transplantation is considered the most effective treatment for end-stage renal failure. Recent studies have shown that the significance of the immune microenvironment after kidney ...transplantation in determining prognosis of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to provide an overview of the knowledge structure and research trends regarding the immune microenvironment and survival in kidney transplantation.
Our search included relevant publications from 2013 to 2023 retrieved from the Web of Science core repository and finally included 865 articles. To perform the bibliometric analysis, we utilized tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package "bibliometrix". The analysis focused on various aspects, including country, author, year, topic, reference, and keyword clustering.
Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 865 articles were found, with a trend of steady increase. China and the United States were the countries with the most publications. Nanjing Medical University was the most productive institution. High-frequency keywords were clustered into 6 areas, including kidney transplantation, transforming growth factor β, macrophage, antibody-mediated rejection, necrosis factor alpha, and dysfunction. Antibody mediated rejection (2019-2023) was the main area of research in recent years.
This groundbreaking bibliometric study comprehensively summarizes the research trends and advances related to the immune microenvironment and survival after kidney transplantation. It identifies recent frontiers of research and highlights promising directions for future studies, potentially offering fresh perspectives to scholars in the field.
In the dominant winter wheat （WW）-summer maize （SM） double cropping system in the low plain located in the North China, limited access to fresh water, especially during dry season, constitutes a ...major obstacle to realize high crop productivity. Using the vast water resources of the saline upper aquifer for irrigation during WW jointing stage, may help to bridge the peak of dry season and relieve the tight water situation in the region. A field experiment was conducted during 2009-2012 to investigate the effects of saline irrigation during WW jointing stage on soil salt accumulation and productivity of WW and SM. The experiment treatments comprised no irrigation （T1）, fresh water irrigation （T2）, slightly saline water irrigation （T3：2.8 dS m-l）, and strongly saline water irrigation （T4：8.2 dS m-1） at WW jointing stage. With regard to WW yields and aggregated annual WW-SM yields, clear benefits of saline water irrigation （T3 ＆ T4） compared to no irrigation （T1）, as well as insignificant yield losses compared to fresh water irrigation （T2） occurred in all three experiment years. However, the increased soil salinity in eady SM season in consequence of saline irrigation exerted a negative effect on SM photosynthesis and final yield in two of three experiment years. To avoid the negative aftereffects of saline irrigation, sufficient fresh water irrigation during SM sowing phase （i.e., increase from 60 to 90 mm） is recommended to guarantee good growth conditions during the sensitive early growing period of SM. The risk of long-term accumulation of salts as a result of saline irrigation during the peak of dry season is considered low, due to deep leaching of salts during regularly occurring wet years, as demonstrated in the 2012 experiment year. Thus, applying saline water irrigation at jointing stage of WW and fresh water at sowing of SM is most promising to realize high yield and fresh irrigation water saving.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The oil sands (OS) of Alberta, Canada, which are classified as unconventional oil,
are the third-largest oil reserves in the world. We describe here a 6-year
effort to improve the emissions data used ...for air quality (AQ) modeling of
the roughly 100 km × 100 km oil extraction and processing
industrial complex operating in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of
northeastern Alberta. This paper reviews the national, provincial, and
sub-provincial emissions inventories that were available during the three
phases of the study, supplemented by hourly SO2 and
NOx emissions and stack characteristics for larger point
sources measured by a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS), as well as daily
reports of SO2 from one AOSR facility for a 1-week period during
a 2013 field campaign when the facility experienced upset conditions. Next it
describes the creation of several detailed hybrid emissions inventories and
the generation of model-ready emissions input files for the Global
Environmental Multiscale–Modelling Air quality and CHemistry (GEM-MACH) AQ
modeling system that were used during the 2013 field study and for various
post-campaign GEM-MACH sensitivity studies, in particular for a
high-resolution model domain with 2.5 km grid spacing covering much of
western Canada and centered over the AOSR. Lastly, it compares inventory-based
bottom-up emissions with aircraft-observation-based top-down emissions
estimates. Results show that emissions values obtained from different data
sources can differ significantly, such as a possible 10-fold difference in
PM2.5 emissions and approximately 40 and 20 % differences for total
VOC (volatile organic compound) and SO2 emissions. A novel emissions-processing approach was also
employed to allocate emissions spatially within six large AOSR mining
facilities in order to address the urban-scale spatial extent of the
facilities and the high-resolution 2.5 km model grid. Gridded facility- and
process-specific spatial surrogate fields that were generated using spatial
information from GIS (geographic information system) shapefiles and satellite
images were used to allocate non-smokestack emissions for each facility to
multiple grid cells instead of treating these emissions as point sources and
allocating them to a single grid cell as is normally done. Facility- and
process-specific temporal profiles and VOC speciation profiles were also
developed. The pre-2013 vegetation and land-use databases normally used to
estimate biogenic emissions and meteorological surface properties were
modified to account for the rapid change in land use in the study area due to
marked, year-by-year changes in surface mining activities, including the 2013
opening of a new mine. Lastly, mercury emissions data were also processed in
addition to the seven criteria-air-contaminant (CAC) species (NOx,
VOC, SO2, NH3, CO, PM2.5, and PM10) to support
AOSR mercury modeling activities. Six GEM-MACH modeling papers in this
special issue used some of these new sets of emissions and land-use input
files.
ObjectiveTo make preliminary exploration into the Golgi apparatus targeting of chondroitin sulfate-modified micelles (CSmicelles) co-loaded with pirarubicin (THP) and vinorelbine (VRL) in tumor ...cells, as well as their in vitro anti-tumor metastasis effect. MethodsThe cellular uptake efficiency and internalization mechanism of CSmicelles in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line were investigated by flow cytometry. Preliminary study of the Golgi apparatus targeting CSmicelles in tumor cells was conducted by co-localization experiment. Then, the effect of CSmicelles co-loaded with THP and VRL (THP+VTL-CSmicelles) on the structure of Golgi apparatus was investigated by GM130 immunofluorescence experiment. Finally, the i n vitro anti-tumor metastasis ability of THP+VTL-CSmicelles was evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell migration/invasion assay. ResultsIt was found that CSmicelles could significantly increase cellular uptake of drugs. CSmicelles were internalized into cells through clathrin-mediated and cave
A new class of well-defined NHC–Pd(II)–Im complexes was synthesized and was found to be an efficient catalyst for the amination reactions of aryl chlorides. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a ...range of amines can be coupled to give the amination products in good to high yields.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•The high level N-doped Co@NCNTs composites via one-step pyrolysis derived from adenine-based MOFs.•Adenine as an endogenous nitrogen source to apparently increase the N content of the material.•The ...prepared magnetic Co-based catalysts imply excellent catalytic activity and reusability even after five cycles.
Nitrogen-doped porous Co@NCNT-1/11 catalysts with Co nanoparticles encapsulated in the nitrogen-rich carbon materials in situ grown CNTs were successfully synthesized through a one-step pyrolysis method for the reduction of aromatic nitro organics. Display omitted
A rational and convenient strategy was designed to synthesize high level N-doped Co@NCNTs composites derived from adenine-based AD-MOF-1 and Bio-MOF-11 via one-step pyrolysis method. Adenine can be used as an endogenous nitrogen source to apparently increase the N content of the materials. N-rich CNTs form a protecting layer for Co nanoparticles to avoid the aggregation of metal nanoparticles. The abundant nitrogen content can enhance electronic conductivity and bring additional active sites. The prepared Co@NCNTs display high catalytic efficiency for various nitro aromatics reduction in aqueous solution. The Co@NCNT-1-800 implies outstanding catalytic efficiency of 96% for the reduction of 4-NP. A mechanistic analysis revealed the abundant Co catalytic sites on the surface of catalysts to promote electron transfer efficiency and improve catalytic performance significantly. Moreover, the magnetic Co-based catalysts remained excellent catalytic activity and reusability even after five cycles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Manipulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., ketogenic diet (KD), glycolytic inhibition) alters neural excitability and represents a novel strategy for treatment of drug-refractory seizures. We have ...previously shown that inhibition of glycolysis suppresses epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of a "branching" metabolic pathway stemming off glycolysis (i.e., the pentose-phosphate pathway, PPP) in regulating seizure activity, by using a potent PPP stimulator and glycolytic intermediate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP). Employing electrophysiological approaches, we investigated the action of F1,6BP on epileptiform population bursts, intrinsic neuronal firing, glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission and voltage-activated calcium currents (I
) in the CA3 area of hippocampal slices. Bath application of F1,6BP (2.5-5 mM) blocked epileptiform population bursts induced in Mg
-free medium containing 4-aminopyridine, in ~2/3 of the slices. The blockade occurred relatively rapidly (~4 min), suggesting an extracellular mechanism. However, F1,6BP did not block spontaneous intrinsic firing of the CA3 neurons (when synaptic transmission was eliminated with DNQX, AP-5 and SR95531), nor did it significantly reduce AMPA or NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSC
and EPSC
). In contrast, F1,6BP caused moderate reduction (~50%) in GABA
receptor-mediated current, suggesting it affects excitatory and inhibitory synapses differently. Finally and unexpectedly, F1,6BP consistently attenuated I
by ~40% without altering channel activation or inactivation kinetics, which may explain its anticonvulsant action, at least in this
seizure model. Consistent with these results, epileptiform population bursts in CA3 were readily blocked by the nonspecific Ca
channel blocker, CdCl
(20 μM), suggesting that these bursts are calcium dependent. Altogether, these data demonstrate that the glycolytic metabolite, F1,6BP, blocks epileptiform activity via a previously unrecognized extracellular effect on I
, which provides new insight into the metabolic control of neural excitability.
The oil and gas (O&G) sector represents a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. However, estimates of O&G emissions rely upon bottom-up approaches, and are rarely evaluated through ...atmospheric measurements. Here, we use aircraft measurements over the Canadian oil sands (OS) to derive the first top-down, measurement-based determination of the their annual CO
emissions and intensities. The results indicate that CO
emission intensities for OS facilities are 13-123% larger than those estimated using publically available data. This leads to 64% higher annual GHG emissions from surface mining operations, and 30% higher overall OS GHG emissions (17 Mt) compared to that reported by industry, despite emissions reporting which uses the most up to date and recommended bottom-up approaches. Given the similarity in bottom-up reporting methods across the entire O&G sector, these results suggest that O&G CO
emissions inventory data may be more uncertain than previously considered.
We present mass spectrometry measurements of black carbon‐containing particles made on board the R/V Atlantis during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) ...2010 study using an Aerodyne Research Inc. soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP‐AMS). The R/V Atlantis was deployed to characterize air masses moving offshore the California coast and to assess emissions from sources in urban ports. This work presents a first detailed analysis of the size‐resolved chemical composition of refractory black carbon (rBC) and of the associated coating species (NR‐PMBC). A colocated standard high‐resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR‐AMS) measured the total nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR‐PM1). Our results indicate that, on average, 35% of the measured NR‐PM1 mass (87% of the primary and 28% of the secondary NR‐PM1, as obtained from the mass‐weighted average of the NR‐PMBC species) was associated with rBC. The peak in the average size distribution of the rBC‐containing particles measured by the SP‐AMS in vacuum aerodynamic diameter (dva) varied from ~100 nm to ~450 nm dva, with most of the rBC mass below 200 dva. The NR‐PMBC below 200 nm dva was primarily organic, whereas inorganics were generally found on larger rBC‐containing particles. Positive matrix factorization analyses of both SP‐AMS and HR‐AMS data identified organic aerosol factors that were correlated in time but had different fragmentation patterns due to the different instruments vaporization techniques. Finally, we provide an overview of the volatility properties of NR‐PMBC and report the presence of refractory oxygen species in some of the air masses encountered.
Key Points
Black carbon‐containing particles are characterized via mass spectrometry
Comparison with a colocated standard mass spectrometer is presented
Approximately 35% of the measured submicron aerosol mass contains black carbon
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Grapes are a major fruit crop around the world. Heat stress can significantly reduce grape yield and quality. Changes at the molecular level in response to heat stress and subsequent recovery are ...poorly understood. To elucidate the effect of heat stress and subsequent recovery on expression of genes by grape leaves representing the classic heat stress response and thermotolerance mechanisms, transcript abundance of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves was quantified using the Affymetrix Grape Genome oligonucleotide microarray (15,700 transcripts), followed by quantitative Real-Time PCR validation for some transcript profiles.
We found that about 8% of the total probe sets were responsive to heat stress and/or to subsequent recovery in grape leaves. The heat stress and recovery responses were characterized by different transcriptional changes. The number of heat stress-regulated genes was almost twice the number of recovery-regulated genes. The responsive genes identified in this study belong to a large number of important traits and biological pathways, including cell rescue (i.e., antioxidant enzymes), protein fate (i.e., HSPs), primary and secondary metabolism, transcription factors, signal transduction, and development. We have identified some common genes and heat shock factors (HSFs) that were modulated differentially by heat stress and recovery. Most HSP genes were upregulated by heat stress but were downregulated by the recovery. On the other hand, some specific HSP genes or HSFs were uniquely responsive to heat stress or recovery.
The effect of heat stress and recovery on grape appears to be associated with multiple processes and mechanisms including stress-related genes, transcription factors, and metabolism. Heat stress and recovery elicited common up- or downregulated genes as well as unique sets of responsive genes. Moreover, some genes were regulated in opposite directions by heat stress and recovery. The results indicated HSPs, especially small HSPs, antioxidant enzymes (i.e., ascorbate peroxidase), and galactinol synthase may be important to thermotolerance of grape. HSF30 may be a key regulator for heat stress and recovery, while HSF7 and HSF1 may only be specific to recovery. The identification of heat stress or recovery responsive genes in this study provides novel insights into the molecular basis for heat tolerance in grape leaves.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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