Composite polyethylene-oxide/garnet electrolytes containing LiTFSI as the lithium salt have a Li+ conductivity σLi > 10−4Scm−1 at 55°C and a low plating/stripping impedance of a dendrite-free ...Li-metal anode; they have been developed for a safe solid-state Li-metal rechargeable battery. Composites consisting of “ceramic-in-polymer” to “polymer-in-ceramic” that are flexible and mechanically robust are fabricated by hot-pressing. Safe pouch cells with a remarkable flexibility have been fabricated. Solid-state LiFePO4|Li batteries with electrolytes of “ceramic-in-polymer” and “polymer-in-ceramic” deliver excellent cycling stability with high discharge capacities (139.1mAhg–1 with capacity retention of 93.6% after 100 cycles) and high capacity retention (103.6% with coulombic efficiency of 100% after 50 cycles) at 0.2C and 55°C. Both kinds of electrolytes can be applied to solid-state lithium batteries.
PEO/garnet composite electrolytes from “ceramic-in-polymer” to “polymer-in-ceramic” are prepared by hot-pressing technology without introducing any solvent. The resultant electrolytes exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and the assembled batteries deliver high cycling stability and stable interface with Li anode, demonstrating a promising strategy for a safe, high-performance and solid-state Lithium batteries. Display omitted
•PEO/garnet electrolyte has a Li+ conductivity σLi > 10−4Scm−1 at 55°C.•The electrolytes are flexible and mechanically robust.•The membrane has a low plating/stripping impedance.•All-solid-state LiFePO4/Li cell has a discharge capacities of 148.6mAhg−1.
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In this article, a highly efficient Formula Omitted- adaptive scheme has been developed for the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method with a local time-stepping (LTS) strategy. In the ...proposed Formula Omitted- adaptive procedure, the dual-fold error-driven scheme has been developed. Compared to the global error range corresponding to the preset base order range, the local maximal error in each discretized element is used to determine the allowable local range of the base order. The local error in each element is compared with the local error range to determine which operation, i.e., the base order increasing or decreasing, is implemented. The resulting two error thresholds are insensitive in the dynamic Formula Omitted- adaptive procedure. When applying the proposed Formula Omitted- adaptive scheme to the LTS method, a simple grouping approach in terms of the time steps related to the base orders has been developed to rapidly perform the marching-on-in- time procedure. Several numerical examples including scattering from a missile, radiation of a ridge gap waveguide (RGW) antenna, and transmission of a cylindrical cavity filter are given to demonstrate the good accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed method.
Hybrid quantum systems in the ultrastrong, and even more in the deep-strong, coupling regimes can exhibit exotic physical phenomena and promise new applications in quantum technologies. In these ...nonperturbative regimes, a qubit-resonator system has an entangled quantum vacuum with a nonzero average photon number in the resonator, where the photons are virtual and cannot be directly detected. The vacuum field, however, is able to induce the symmetry breaking of a dispersively coupled probe qubit. We experimentally observe the parity symmetry breaking of an ancillary Xmon artificial atom induced by the field of a lumped-element superconducting resonator deep-strongly coupled with a flux qubit. This result opens a way to experimentally explore the novel quantum-vacuum effects emerging in the deep-strong coupling regime.
Mesh repair is a long-standing challenge in computer graphics and related fields. Converting defective meshes into watertight manifold meshes can greatly benefit downstream applications such as ...geometric processing, simulation, fabrication, learning, and synthesis. In this work, by assuming the model is visually correct, we first introduce three visual measures for visibility, orientation, and openness, based on ray-tracing. We then present a novel mesh repair framework incorporating visual measures with several critical steps, i.e., open surface closing, face reorientation, and global optimization, to effectively repair meshes with defects (e.g., gaps, holes, self-intersections, degenerate elements, and inconsistent orientations) and preserve visual appearances. Our method reduces unnecessary mesh complexity without compromising geometric accuracy or visual quality while preserving input attributes such as UV coordinates for rendering. We evaluate our approach on hundreds of models randomly selected from ShapeNet and Thingi10K, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness compared to existing approaches.
Thermal management technologies play an important role in maintaining a relatively stable working temperature for electronics. Organic solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have been widely used ...in thermal management systems owing to their high energy storage capacity and stable physicochemical properties. However, it is still a challenge for organic PCMs to achieve good flexibility, high thermal conductivity and complete leakage resistance simultaneously. Herein, boron nitride (BN) was pre-attached to the surface of paraffin wax microcapsules (MCPW), followed by compounding them with natural rubber (NR) to yield flexible composite PCMs with thermally conductive pathways constructed by BN. Such a localized dispersion strategy enables BN to be homogeneously dispersed in the continuous NR phase. The obtained flexible composite PCMs realize an impressive balance among salient shape stability, considerable energy storage density, excellent mechanical flexibility, and enhanced thermal conductivity, showing great potential in the field of thermal management of electronics.
Dual-supporting flexible composite PCMs with a uniform heat transfer network constructed by a proposed localized dispersion strategy realized an impressive performance balance, showing great potential in the field of thermal management.
Bacillus licheniformis W10 is a strain of biocontrol bacteria that was obtained from plant rhizosphere screening. In this study, we purified, identified, and carried out bioinformatics analysis of ...the W10 antifungal protein from Bacillus licheniformis. Mass spectrometry analysis was carried out by passing the antifungal protein through a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Mascot searches of the tandem mass spectrometry data identified this antifungal protein as a serine protease, and the 1347 bp gene encoding this protein was cloned. Bioinformatics analysis of this protein indicated that it contains 448 amino acid residues, has a molecular weight of 48,794.16 Da and an isoelectric point of 6.04, and is a hydrophilic protein. In the secondary and tertiary structure of this protein, the proportion of α-helices and β-folds is similar, and the protein possesses a Peptidase_S8 conserved domain. Using BApNA as a substrate, it was found that the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) can inhibit the W10 antifungal protein. PMSF concurrently reduced the inhibitory effects of the antifungal protein on Botrytis cinerea, showing that the W10 antifungal protein possesses serine protease activity. The W10 antifungal protein has good thermal stability. The study implies potential of this enzyme for biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microbial remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil offers advantages like environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and simple operation. However, the efficacy of this remediation process ...relies on obtaining dominant strains and a comprehensive understanding of their Cd adsorption mechanisms. This study identified two Cd-resistant bacteria, Burkholderia sp. 1–22 and Bacillus sp. 6–6, with significant growth-promoting effects from rice rhizosphere soil. The strains showed remarkable Cd resistance up to ∼200 mg/L and alleviated Cd toxicity by regulating pH and facilitating bacterial adsorption of Cd. FTIR analysis showed crucial surface functional groups, like carboxyl and amino groups, on bacteria played significant roles in Cd adsorption. The strains could induce CdCO3 formation via a microbially induced calcium precipitation (MICP) mechanism, confirmed by SEM-EDS, X-ray analysis, and elemental mapping. Pot experiments showed these strains significantly increased organic matter and enzyme activity (e.g., urease, sucrase, peroxidase) in the rhizosphere soil versus the control group. These changes are crucial for restricting Cd mobility. Furthermore, strains 6–6 and 1–22 significantly enhance plant root detoxification of Cd, alleviating toxicity. Notably, increased pH likely plays a vital role in enhancing Cd precipitation and adsorption by strains, converting free Cd into non-bioavailable forms.
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•Two strains with excellent Cd tolerance and adsorption capacity were screened.•The increase of pH plays a crucial role in enhancing Cd fixation by strains.•pH is critical for limiting soil Cd mobility to reduce Cd uptake.•The rhizosphere zone is closely tied to the Cd fixation of microorganisms.
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Space cooling and heating consume a large proportion of global energy, so passive thermal management materials (i.e., without energy input), especially dual-mode materials including cooling and ...heating bifunctions, are becoming more and more attractive in many areas. Herein, a function-switchable Janus membrane between cooling and heating consisting of a multilayer structure of polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber/zinc oxide nanosheet/carbon nanotube/Ag nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane was fabricated for comprehensive thermal management applications. In the cooling mode, the high thermal radiation emissivity (89.2%) and sunlight reflectivity (90.6%) of the Janus membrane resulted in huge temperature drops of 8.2–12.6, 9.0–14.0, and 10.9 °C for a substrate, a closed space, and a semiclosed space, respectively. When switching to the heating mode, temperature rises of 3.8–4.6, 4.0–4.8, and 12.5 °C for the substrate, closed space, and semiclosed space, respectively, were achieved owing to the high thermal radiation reflectivity (89.5%) and sunlight absorptivity (74.1%) of the membrane. Besides, the Janus membrane has outstanding comprehensive properties of the membrane, including infrared camouflaging/disguising, electromagnetic shielding (53.1 dB), solvent tolerance, waterproof properties, and high flexibility, which endow the membrane with promising application prospects.
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