This study examines the heterogeneous impact of financial development on green total factor productivity for 40 countries over the period 1991 to 2014. Specifically, this paper describes financial ...development from the three aspects of banking, securities, and insurance. In developing countries, an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between financial development and green total factor productivity, whether it is in bank development, securities development, or insurance development. In developed countries, the development of bank and insurance tends to adversely affect green total factor productivity, while the development of securities has always had a positive impact on green total factor productivity. Securities development is more conducive to improving green total factor productivity than bank development.
Reducing energy intensity and coping with climate change are important policy issues that face all countries. This study examines the impact of business cycles (recessions and expansions) on energy ...intensity in sixteen emerging countries in 1990–2014. We find that during periods of economic expansion (recessions), business cycles reduce (increase) energy intensity. We also study the moderating effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) between business cycles and energy intensity and find that FDI lowers (raises) energy intensity in countries with high (low) level economic development. In addition, this study finds a nonlinear relationship between business cycles and energy intensity. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rural residents' income is one of the core issues of rural economic development, and digital financial inclusion is one of the important influencing factors of rural residents' income. Especially ...under the background of the implementation of digital financial technology, the relationship between the two has become more complex. Based on the panel data set of 1624 counties in Chinese mainland in the past 2014–2019 years, the paper uses panel regression models to study the impact of digital financial inclusion on rural residents' income. Further, by analyzing the industrial structure, education level and financial development level, the following conclusions are drawn. First, digital financial inclusion significantly promotes the increase of rural residents' income, but there are differences in regional level and different quantiles of rural residents' income. At the regional level, the promotion of control effect at the provincial level is stronger than that at the county level; in different quantiles of residents' income, with the increase of residents' income quantile, the promoting effect is gradually enhanced. Second, the heterogeneous impact of digital financial inclusion on rural residents' income is reflected in three aspects: regional development, education level and financial development level. Third, industrial structure, education level and financial development level will enhance the promotion effect of digital financial inclusion on rural residents' income, but there are significant differences in the intensity of the regulatory effect of the three variables.
Digital transformation is a new driving force of enterprise efficiency reform. Enterprises' digital transformation can effectively improve their technological innovation efficiency, thereby promoting ...their high-quality development. Using the panel data of 930 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2020, we have studied the impact and heterogeneity of digital transformation on enterprise technological innovation efficiency with a panel data model. Further, a mediating effect model and a moderating effect model were constructed to study the mechanism of digital transformation affecting the efficiency of enterprise technological innovation. The conclusions are as follows. First, enterprise digital transformation significantly improves the efficiency of enterprise technological innovation. Second, the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of enterprise technological innovation is heterogeneous, which is reflected in two aspects: the factor intensity and the nature of ownership. Third, financing constraints and equity concentration play a mediating and a moderating role, respectively, in the impact of digital transformation on the efficiency of enterprise technological innovation.
The future of sustainable fertilizers and carbon-free energy carrier demands innovative breakthroughs in the exploitation of efficient electrocatalysts for synthesizing ammonia (NH3) from nitrogen ...(N2) in mild conditions. Understanding and regulating the reaction intermediates that form on the catalyst surface through careful catalyst design could bypass certain limitations associated with ambiguous adsorbate evolution mechanism. Herein, we propose ternary intermetallic Re2MnS6 ultrathin nanosheets that include orderly hybridized Mn–Re dual-metal sites through strong Hubbard e-e interaction, demonstrating a promising selectivity toward reaction process from N2 to NH3. The ordered inclusion of Mn sites leads to a structural phase transition and appearance of nonbonding semimetal states, in which the rate-limiting activation energy barrier is significantly decreased through a conversion in reaction pathway. As a result, the performance of N2 reduction in Re2MnS6 is increased about 6.6 times compared to the single-metal ReS2.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the digital economy in restoring economic and social development, creating more jobs and improving people's well-being. To inform policy makers ...about changes to digital strategies, measuring the digital economy is a prerequisite. This study aimed to compile an index of digital economy at the provincial (municipalities, autonomous regions, collectively referred to as "provinces") level to present an accurate and in-depth depiction of how it has developed in China. Our sample covers 31 provinces in China, over the period 2010–2020. This paper firstly constructs the digital economy index system from the four dimensions of digital users, digital platforms, digital industries and digital innovation, and then adopts a combination of entropy weighting method and grey target theory to measure the digital economy index. This paper study revealed that China's digital economy has been on an upward trend from 2010 to 2019 and has a decline in 2020, and the digital innovation is an important driving force for the growth of the digital economy index. The convergence of China's digital economy is decreasing, indicating that the gap in digital economy development between provinces is increasing. The proposed index in this study can be used as a screening tool, decision making tool, benchmarking tool and guidance of high-quality digital economy development.
The difficulty of balance between environment and energy consumption makes countries and enterprises face a dilemma, and improving energy efficiency has become one of the ways to solve this dilemma. ...Based on the data of 158 countries from 1980 to 2018, the dynamic TFP of different countries is calculated by means of the Super-SBM-GML model. The TFP is decomposed into indexes of EC (Technical Efficiency Change), TC (Technological Change) and EC has been extended to PEC (Pure Efficiency Change) and SEC (Scale Efficiency Change). Then the fixed effect model and the fixed effect panel quantile model are used to analyze the moderating effect and the exogenous effect of energy efficiency on PM2.5 concentration on the basis of verifying that energy efficiency can reduce PM2.5 concentration. We conclude, first, the global energy efficiency has been continuously improved during the sample period, and both technological progress and technical efficiency have been improved. Second, the impact of energy efficiency on PM2.5 is heterogeneous which is reflected in the various elements of energy efficiency decomposition. The increase in energy efficiency can inhibit PM2.5 concentration and the inhibition effect mainly comes from TC and PEC, but SEC promotes PM2.5 emission. Third, energy investment plays a moderating role in the environmental protection effect of energy efficiency. Fourth, the impact of energy efficiency on PM2.5 concentration is heterogeneous in terms of national attribute, which is embodied in the differences of national development, science and technology development level, new energy utilization ratio, and the role of international energy trade.
Agricultural ecological capital investment aims to achieve the coordinated and sustainable development of agricultural and rural ecology, economy, and society through a series of inputs to a specific ...range of agricultural ecological resources, ecological environment, and ecological service capacity. Based on the macro data of 31 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) in China, this paper uses coupling coordination and linear regression models to study the impact of agricultural ecological capital investment on green circular economy development. At the same time, considering the differences between active and passive investment, their impacts on green circular economy development are discussed, respectively. The empirical conclusions are as follows. First, agricultural ecological capital investment plays a significant role in promoting the development of the green circular economy on the whole, but the roles of active investment and passive investment are different. Second, agricultural ecological capital investment positively impacts the development of the green circular economy by increasing green inventions and promoting green credit index. Third, the impacts mechanisms of active and passive investment have on green circular economy are different. Fourth, the impact of agricultural ecological capital investment on the green circular economy is regionally heterogeneous.
The digital economy has deeply integrated into various sectors, becoming a significant driving force for economic transformation and development, as new generation information technology continues to ...advance and mature. This paper builds upon theoretical analysis and employs the global Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, along with relevant data from China's information transmission, software and information services industry spanning the years 2003 to 2020, to dynamically measure the output efficiency of China's digital economy. Based on this, the paper examines the overall characteristics of efficiency changes in the digital economy using distribution dynamics. Additionally, common descriptive statistics and data mapping techniques are utilized to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of efficiency changes. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) The efficiency of the digital economy in the 31 provincial regions of China remains stable, but the factors influencing this efficiency vary both over time and among specific provinces. (2) From a temporal perspective, the digital economy in China demonstrates an overall positive increase in efficiency, with its volatility and differentiation largely shaped by the shifting factors of technological advancements and technological efficiency. (3) From a spatial perspective, there exists a distinct pattern of spatial disparities in China's digital economy efficiency, with higher efficiency observed in the eastern regions and lower efficiency in the western regions.
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•Evaluated flow field and concentration field of vaporizer/mixers installed with five structural flow-guiding plates.•Analyzed pressure change law of the front and the back of ...flow-guiding plate.•The vaporizer/mixer installed with irregular trapezoidal plates is more adaptive to the HP-SCR system.
As an important part of high-pressure SCR system in a marine diesel, vaporizer/mixer is a vital place to improve the spray atomization of urea solution, the formation of reduction agent and the effective mixing of multiple components well. In this paper, vaporizer/mixer of high-pressure SCR (HP-SCR) system in a marine diesel engine was selected as the research subject, then I establish a three-dimensional model of the mixer by CFD and simulate the chemical reaction fluid dynamic by Fluent, and then its major design properties of pressure loss, flow velocity and species concentration uniformity, NH3/NOx deviation as well as sensitiveness of diesel load were studied. According to characteristics of vaporizer/mixer of high-pressure SCR system, working performances of vaporizer/mixer installed without and with flow-guiding plates were compared and analyzed, and mixing effects of five flow-guiding plates were also evaluated in the paper. It is found that both the vaporizer/mixers which are installed with the centralized curved plates and irregular trapezoidal plates can meet the needs of design requirements of HP-SCR system, and the vaporizer/mixer installed with the irregular trapezoidal plates is superior to other structural flow-guiding plates. In addition, compared with vaporizer/mixer without flow-guiding plate, the maximum pressure loss of the vaporizer/mixer installed with irregular trapezoidal plates is only increased by 126 Pa, but its NH3 concentration uniformity in the outlet is increased by 8.1 %, and the sensitiveness efficiency of diesel load is decreased to 0.1 %, which adapts to the various working conditions of high-pressure SCR system in the low-speed marine diesel.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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