The major risk factors for acute hepatitis B (AHB) in China and the viral factors determining the progression from acute to chronic hepatitis B remain largely unknown.
Epidemiological studies within ...a population-based surveillance for AHB in adults were performed in Shanghai, China, including 294 patients, 588 matched controls and 572 family members of the patients.
Invasive medical procedures, household contact with hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, body care and beauty treatments, and lack of HBV vaccination were independently associated with AHB. Among those risks, pedicure in bath centres emerged. Sixty-eight of 128 patients with AHB were genotyped including 33 with HBV B2 and 35 with HBV C2. Twenty-five (8.50%) of the 294 patients, including 20 with HBV C2 and 5 with HBV B2 (p = 0.013), progressed to chronic infection. Multivariate analysis showed that HBV C2 was independently associated with chronicification of AHB. Patients with HBV B2 were younger and there was a higher proportion of women than those with HBV C2. The prevalence of HBV B2 was higher in the patients than in neighbourhood chronic carriers. The chronic carriers with HBV B2 showed higher viral loads, higher hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity, and with higher proportion in men than those with HBV C2, implying that sexual contact plays a role in the transmission of HBV B2. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV C2 was frequently involved in transmissions within households.
Despite lower viral load and HBeAg status in the chronic carriers, HBV C2 was more prone to causing chronic infection than was HBV B2.
A novel polarization splitter based on dual-core silica glass photonic crystal fiber with a liquid crystal modulation core is studied by the finite-element method. The mode birefringence is enlarged ...greatly with the infilling of nematic liquid crystal of E7. The simulation results demonstrate that the polarization splitter has an ultrabroad bandwidth of 250 nm, covering the E S C L optical communication bands, with the extinction ratio better than -20 dB. The separate length is 0.175 mm, and the extinction ratio is -80.7 dB at the communication wavelength of 1550 nm. The polarization splitter exhibits satisfactory splitter performance as the fabrication deviation reaches to 1%. The extinction ratio maintains better than -20 dB, at the C L optical communication bands, as the temperature increases from 15 °C to 50 °C.
Transitional metal oxide nanoparticles as advanced environment and energy materials require very well absorption performance to apply in practice. Although most metal oxides are based on crystalline, ...high activities can also be achieved with amorphous phases. Here, we reported the adsorption behavior and mechanism of methyl blue (MB) on the amorphous transitional metal oxide (Fe, Co and Ni oxides) nanoparticles, and we demonstrated that the amorphousization of transitional metal oxide (Fe, Co and Ni oxides) nanoparticles driven by a novel process involving laser irradiation in liquid can create a super adsorption capability for MB, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the fabricated NiO amorphous nanostructure reaches up to 10584.6 mgg(-1), the largest value reported to date for all MB adsorbents. The proof-of-principle investigation of NiO amorphous nanophase demonstrated the broad applicability of this methodology for obtaining new super dyes adsorbents.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
First-line cemiplimab (anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)) monotherapy has previously shown significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus chemotherapy ...in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50%. EMPOWER-Lung 3 ( NCT03409614 ), a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, examined cemiplimab plus platinum-doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for aNSCLC, irrespective of PD-L1 expression or histology. In this study, 466 patients with stage III/IV aNSCLC without EGFR, ALK or ROS1 genomic tumor aberrations were randomized (2:1) to receive cemiplimab 350 mg (n = 312) or placebo (n = 154) every 3 weeks for up to 108 weeks in combination with four cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy (followed by pemetrexed maintenance as indicated). In total, 57.1% (266/466 patients) had non-squamous NSCLC, and 85.2% (397/466 patients) had stage IV disease. The primary endpoint was OS. The trial was stopped early per recommendation of the independent data monitoring committee, based on meeting preset OS efficacy criteria: median OS was 21.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.5-not evaluable) with cemiplimab plus chemotherapy versus 13.0 months (95% CI, 11.9-16.1) with placebo plus chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.93; P = 0.014). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred with cemiplimab plus chemotherapy (43.6%, 136/312 patients) and placebo plus chemotherapy (31.4%, 48/153 patients). Cemiplimab is only the second anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent to show efficacy in aNSCLC as both monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy for both squamous and non-squamous histologies.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We present the measurements of all-particle energy spectrum and mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays in the energy range of 0.3-30 PeV using data collected from LHAASO-KM2A between September 2021 and ...December 2022, which is based on a nearly composition-independent energy reconstruction method, achieving unprecedented accuracy. Our analysis reveals the position of the knee at 3.67±0.05±0.15 PeV. Below the knee, the spectral index is found to be -2.7413±0.0004±0.0050, while above the knee, it is -3.128±0.005±0.027, with the sharpness of the transition measured with a statistical error of 2%. The mean logarithmic mass of cosmic rays is almost heavier than helium in the whole measured energy range. It decreases from 1.7 at 0.3 PeV to 1.3 at 3 PeV, representing a 24% decline following a power law with an index of -0.1200±0.0003±0.0341. This is equivalent to an increase in abundance of light components. Above the knee, the mean logarithmic mass exhibits a power law trend towards heavier components, which is reversal to the behavior observed in the all-particle energy spectrum. Additionally, the knee position and the change in power-law index are approximately the same. These findings suggest that the knee observed in the all-particle spectrum corresponds to the knee of the light component, rather than the medium-heavy components.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are rarely used in the field of phase change heat storage, because their low thermal conductivity affects the practical application of composite phase change materials ...(PCMs). Three dimensional porous materials with good thermal conductivity and adsorption properties can be synthesized by cleverly combining high adsorption MOF with high thermal conductivity expanded graphite (EG). In this paper, ZIF-8 of zeolites with imidazole structure with high adsorption was prepared by method of co-precipitation. ZnO was prepared by carbonizing ZIF-8 in a vacuum tube furnace at 700°C. EG/CuS@ZnO was synthesized by compounding EG, the crosslinking agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and photothermal materials (CuS). Finally, OC/EG/CuS@ZnO was prepared by stirring impregnation process according to four different proportions of octadecanol (OC) and compounding with EG/CuS@ZnO. The microstructure and thermal properties of the samples were characterized. The result shows that the enthalpy of composite phase change materials OC/EG/CuS@ZnO reaches 202.97 J/g, which greatly improves the adsorption performance of OC and improves the heat storage performance. The thermal conductivity test results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs with the ratio of ZnO to EG (1:8) is as high as about 11.77 W/(m·K). The results of photothermal experiments show that the composite PCM with CuS can improve its photothermal properties.
•The material has high adsorption performance and heat storage performance.•The enthalpy value of the composite phase change material reached 202.97 J/g.•Composite PCM with CuS can improve its photothermal performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Collisions involving 112Sn and 124Sn nuclei have been simulated with the improved quantum molecular dynamics transport model. The results of the calculations reproduce isospin diffusion data from two ...different observables and the ratios of neutron and proton spectra. By comparing these data to calculations performed over a range of symmetry energies at saturation density and different representations of the density dependence of the symmetry energy, constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy at subnormal density are obtained. The results from the present work are compared to constraints put forward in other recent analyses.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
•Graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposite coatings was successfully prepared via solution blending process.•Aliphatic ether bonds were formed between graphene oxide and epoxy resin matrix.•The composite ...coating showed significantly improved hydrophobicity and impermeability.•Enhancing mechanisms for the GO on the coating is caused by the filling the defects and formation of a diffusion barrier.
To prevent early failure of concrete due to infiltration of chloride ions from environment, epoxy resin nanocomposites modified with graphene oxides (GOs) were prepared using a solution blending process and then sprayed onto testing blocks of concrete. Microstructural analysis revealed that the GOs were uniformly dispersed inside the epoxy matrix, and covalent cross-links were formed between the GO and epoxy matrix. Water surface contact angles of concrete coated with the nanocomposites coatings were found to increase firstly but then decrease with the increase of the added GO contents. When the GO content was 0.3 wt%, the contact angle was 96.1°±0.3°, whereas that of pure epoxy resin was 77.5° ±0.3°. At the same GO content, water absorption and chloride diffusion coefficient of the coated concrete are much lower than those of the uncoated samples. The enhancement mechanisms for the chloride ion penetration resistance are attributed to the formation of cross-linking in the composite coating, improved hydrophobicity and shielding effects of the GOs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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