Defect engineering is one of the effective strategies to regulate and control catalyst properties. Constructing appropriate catalytically active centers effectively tunes the electronic and surface ...properties of the catalyst to achieve further enrichment of photogenerated electrons, enhances the electronic feedback of the catalytically active center to the anti-bonding orbitals of the nitrogen molecule, and enhances N2 adsorption while weakening the N≡N bond. In this study, titanium vacancy (VTi)-rich undoped anatase p-TiO2 was successfully synthesized to investigate the effect of its metal vacancies on photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance. The cation vacancies of VTi-rich p-TiO2 lead to local charge defects that enhance carrier separation and transport while trapping electrons to activate N2, allowing effective reduction of the excited electrons to NH3. This work provides a viable strategy for driving the efficiency of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation processes by altering the structural properties of semiconductors through cationic vacancies, offering new opportunities and challenges for the design and preparation of titanium dioxide-based materials.
Post-polyploid diploidization associated with descending dysploidy and interspecific introgression drives plant genome evolution by unclear mechanisms. Raphanus is an economically and ecologically ...important Brassiceae genus and model system for studying post-polyploidization genome evolution and introgression. Here, we report the de novo sequence assemblies for 11 genomes covering most of the typical sub-species and varieties of domesticated, wild and weedy radishes from East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and America. Divergence among the species, sub-species, and South/East Asian types coincided with Quaternary glaciations. A genus-level pan-genome was constructed with family-based, locus-based, and graph-based methods, and whole-genome comparisons revealed genetic variations ranging from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to inversions and translocations of whole ancestral karyotype (AK) blocks. Extensive gene flow occurred between wild, weedy, and domesticated radishes. High frequencies of genome reshuffling, biased retention, and large-fragment translocation have shaped the genomic diversity. Most variety-specific gene-rich blocks showed large structural variations. Extensive translocation and tandem duplication of dispensable genes were revealed in two large rearrangement-rich islands. Disease resistance genes mostly resided on specific and dispensable loci. Variations causing the loss of function of enzymes modulating gibberellin deactivation were identified and could play an important role in phenotype divergence and adaptive evolution. This study provides new insights into the genomic evolution underlying post-polyploid diploidization and lays the foundation for genetic improvement of radish crops, biological control of weeds, and protection of wild species' germplasms.
A genus-level pan-genome was constructed through de novo genome assemblies of 11 accessions covering most of the typical sub-species and varieties of domesticated, wild, and weedy radishes from East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and America. This study provides new insights into the genomic evolution underlying post-polyploid diploidization and lays the foundation for genetic improvement of radish crops, biological control of weeds, and protection of wild species' germplasms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
It is still challenging to predict interacting enhancer-promoter pairs (IEPs), partially because of our limited understanding of their characteristics. To understand IEPs better, here we studied the ...IEPs in nine cell lines and nine primary cell types.
By measuring the bipartite clustering coefficient of the graphs constructed from these experimentally supported IEPs, we observed that one enhancer is likely to interact with either none or all of the target genes of another enhancer. This observation implies that enhancers form clusters, and every enhancer in the same cluster synchronously interact with almost every member of a set of genes and only this set of genes. We perceived that an enhancer can be up to two megabase pairs away from other enhancers in the same cluster. We also noticed that although a fraction of these clusters of enhancers do overlap with super-enhancers, the majority of the enhancer clusters are different from the known super-enhancers.
Our study showed a new characteristic of IEPs, which may shed new light on distal gene regulation and the identification of IEPs.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising advantages in almost non‐invasion, low drug resistance, and low dark toxicity, it still suffers from limitations in the lipophilic nature of most ...photosensitizers (PSs), short half‐life of PS in plasma, poor tissue penetration, and low tumor specificity. To overcome these limitations and enhance PDT, liposomes, as excellent multi‐functional nano‐carriers for drug delivery, have been extensively studied in multi‐functional theranostics, including liposomal PS, targeted drug delivery, controllable drug release, image‐guided therapy, and combined therapy. This review provides researchers with a useful reference in liposome‐based drug delivery.
Liposomes with high capacity for photosensitizers (PSs), other drugs and imaging agents in hydrophobic bilayer and hydrophilic aqueous core make them capable of executing multi‐functions in disease diagnosis and therapy to enhance photodynamic therapy. The flexibility of surface modification and components of liposome possess the advantages in targeted drug delivery and release.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
MRE11 nuclease forms a trimeric complex (MRN) with RAD50 and NBS1 and plays a central role in preventing genomic instability. When DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur, MRN is quickly recruited to ...the damage site and initiates DNA end resection; accordingly, MRE11 must be tightly regulated to avoid inefficient repair or nonspecific resection. Here, we show that MRE11 and RAD50 form a complex (MRC) with C1QBP, which stabilizes MRE11/RAD50, while inhibiting MRE11 nuclease activity by preventing its binding to DNA or chromatin. Upon DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates MRE11-S676/S678 to quickly dissociate the MRC complex. Either excess or insufficient C1QBP impedes the recruitment of MRE11 to DSBs and impairs the DNA damage response. C1QBP is highly expressed in breast cancer and positively correlates with MRE11 expression, and the inhibition of C1QBP enhances tumor regression with chemotherapy. By influencing MRE11 at multiple levels, C1QBP is, thus, an important player in the DNA damage response.
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•C1QBP stabilizes the MRE11 protein by forming the MRC complex with MRE11/RAD50•C1QBP inhibits MRE11 exonuclease activity by preventing its binding to DNA•Appropriate C1QBP levels are essential for genomic stability and DNA repair
The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex plays a critical role in the initial processing of DNA double-strand breaks. Bai et al. show that C1QBP functions as a molecular sponge, which maintains MRE11 protein stability, while controlling the assembly and activation of the MRN complex for efficient DNA damage repair.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Organic semiconductors (OSCs), especially small molecule semiconductors, have received increasing attention due to their good designability and variability. Phase transitions and interfacial ...properties have a decisive influence on device performance. Here, 2-Dodecyl-7-phenyl1benzothieno3,2-
1benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-12) devices are treated with low-power laser annealing, which is able to avoid the influence of the dewetting effect on the hole mobility of organic semiconductor materials. Ultraviolet ozone treatment and self-assembled monolayer treatment can improve the performance and stability of the device. Moreover, after low-temperature thermal annealing, the hole mobility of the device can even reach as high as 4.80 cm
V
s
, and we tested the optical response of the device to the ultraviolet wavelength and found that its maximum optical responsivity was 8.2 AW
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the growing significance of green chemistry in organic synthesis, electrochemical oxidation has seen rapid development. Compounds undergo oxidation–reduction reactions through electron transfer ...at the electrode surface. This article proposes the use of electrochemical methods to achieve cleavage of the benzyl C–N bond. This method selectively oxidatively cleaves the C–N bond without the need for metal catalysts or external oxidants. Additionally, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines exhibit good adaptability under these conditions, utilizing water as the sole source of oxygen.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
lthough single crystal scintillators have excellent performance, they have some drawbacks such as high cost, complicated elaboration method and difficulty of growth on large-scale. Glass ...scintillators are widely investigated to replace single crystal scintillators because of their simple fabrication method and low cost. In this paper, a series of transparent borosilicate aluminate glass scintillators doped with Tb3+ were successfully prepared by traditional melt-quenching method. The structural, luminescent, and X-ray excited scintillating properties were investigated. These glass samples show high stability and high transparency, and present good luminescent and scintillating properties. Sample with Tb3+ doping concentration of 10% has the best scintillating performance. The integrated intensity of X-ray excited luminescence is 66.6% of that of commercial Bi4Ge3O12 single crystal scintillator, and the quantum efficiency (under 378 nm excitation) is 70.3%. Our findings suggest that Tb3+-doped borosilicate aluminate glasses with high light yield might be used as potential scintillators.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Scientists have discovered various prognostic gene signatures (GSs) in different cancer types. Surprisingly, although different GSs from the same cancer type can be used to measure similar biological ...characteristics, often rarely is there a gene shared by different GSs. To explain such a paradox, we hypothesized that GSs from the same cancer type may be regulated by common regulatory motifs. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive motif analysis on the prognostic GSs from five cancer types. We demonstrated that GSs from individual cancer type as well as across cancer types share regulatory motifs. We also observed that transcription factors that likely bind to these shared motifs have prognostic functions in cancers. Moreover, 75% of the predicted cofactors of these transcription factors may have cancer-related functions and some cofactors even have prognostic functions. In addition, there exist common microRNAs that regulate different GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, several of which are prognostic biomarkers for the corresponding cancer types. Our study suggested the existence of common regulatory mechanisms shared by GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, which shed light on the discovery of new prognostic GSs in cancers and the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cancers.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Certain tea plants (
) have the ability to accumulate selenium. In plants, the predominant forms of bioavailable Se are selenite (SeO
) and selenate (SeO
). We applied transcriptomics and proteomics ...to hydroponically grown plants treated with selenite or selenate for 48 h in the attempt to elucidate the selenium absorption and assimilation mechanisms in tea. A total of 1,844 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 691 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained by comparing the Na
SeO
and Na
SeO
treatments against the control. A GO analysis showed that the genes related to amino acid and protein metabolism and redox reaction were strongly upregulated in the plants under the Na
SeO
treatment. A KEGG pathway analysis revealed that numerous genes involved in amino acid and glutathione metabolism were upregulated, genes and proteins associated with glutathione metabolism and ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis were highly expressed. Genes participating in DNA and RNA metabolism were identified and proteins related to glutathione metabolism were detected in tea plants supplemented with Na
SeO
. ABC, nitrate and sugar transporter genes were differentially expressed in response to selenite and selenate. Phosphate transporter (
,
, and
) and aquaporin (
) genes were upregulated in the presence of selenite. Sulfate transporter (
and
) expression increased in response to selenate exposure. The results of the present study have clarified Se absorption and metabolism in tea plants, and play an important theoretical reference significance for the breeding and cultivation of selenium-enriched tea varieties.
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