Plants have evolved many strategies for adaptation to extreme environments. Ca2+, acting as an important secondary messenger in plant cells, is a signaling molecule involved in plants’ response and ...adaptation to external stress. In plant cells, almost all kinds of abiotic stresses are able to raise cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and the spatiotemporal distribution of this molecule in distant cells suggests that Ca2+ may be a universal signal regulating different kinds of abiotic stress. Ca2+ is used to sense and transduce various stress signals through its downstream calcium-binding proteins, thereby inducing a series of biochemical reactions to adapt to or resist various stresses. This review summarizes the roles and molecular mechanisms of cytosolic Ca2+ in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, ultraviolet light, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperature and wounding. Furthermore, we focused on the crosstalk between Ca2+ and other signaling molecules in plants suffering from extreme environmental stress.
There is increasing evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the prognosis of HCC. There is currently a lack of acknowledged models that accurately predict patient prognosis. The aim of this ...study is to create a miRNA-based model to precisely forecast a patient's prognosis and a miRNA-mRNA network to investigate the function of a targeted mRNA. TCGA miRNA dataset and survival data of HCC patients were downloaded for differential analysis. The outcomes of variance analysis were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and LASSO analysis. We constructed and visualized prognosis-related models and subsequently used violin plots to probe the function of miRNAs in tumor cells. We predicted the target mRNAs added those to the String database, built PPI protein interaction networks, and screened those mRNA using Cytoscape. The hub mRNA was subjected to GO and KEGG analysis to determine its biological role. Six of them were associated with prognosis: hsa-miR-139-3p, hsa-miR-139-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-30d-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, and hsa-miR-6844. The prognostic model was highly predictive and consistently performs, with the C index exceeding 0.7 after 1, 3, and 5 years. The model estimated significant differences in the Kaplan-Meier plotter and the model could predict patient prognosis independently of clinical indicators. A relatively stable miRNA prognostic model for HCC patients was constructed, and the model was highly accurate in predicting patients with good stability over 5 years. The miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to explore the function of mRNA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ferroptosis and autophagy are the two forms of the regulation of cell death that play important roles in cancer therapy. However, little is known about the combination of the therapeutic effects of ...ferroptosis and autophagy in cancer therapy. Here, in this study, we constructed a novel carrier-free nanodrug called nanoparticle ferritin-bound erastin and rapamycin (NFER). The NFER nanodrug was prepared by the emulsification technique; it exhibited an average size of 78.8 nm and zeta potential of −25.9 ± 3.3 mV. Controllable drug encapsulation efficiency and loading ratios in NFER could be obtained. This nanodrug showed high stability in both water and PBS for several days. The release studies demonstrated that rapamycin and erastin could reach equilibrium after 24 h and 36 h, respectively; the maximum values of the released percentages of both reached beyond 30%. An
in vitro
study revealed that NFER showed robust ferroptosis-inducing capability by the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) and lipid peroxidation accumulation. The autophagy process induced by rapamycin in NFER also played an important role in strengthening ferroptosis. The selective cancer cell killing ability of NFER was verified in cancer cells and normal cells. The ferroptosis-induced cytotoxicity was confirmed through several ferroptosis and autophagy inhibitors. Furthermore, the NFER nanodrug showed an improved control of tumor recurrence in the 4T1 tumor resection model. In summary, these results demonstrated that NFER exhibited excellent properties as a nanodrug, and the cell death induced by NFER was through an autophagy-associated ferroptosis pathway. This study based on protein nanodrug-induced autophagy-associated ferroptosis would provide a new insight into cancer therapy.
The intracellular autophagy-mediated ferroptosis-induction process by the NFER nanodrug assembled by ferritin, erastin, and rapamycin.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a highly toxic gas, has become a polluting gas that cannot be ignored, while H2S exposure results in acute or chronic poisoning or even death in humans or animals and plants, ...but the relevant mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, 9-day-old zebrafish larvae were exposed continuously to culture medium containing 30 μM survival rate was counted on H2S, and our results indicated that H2S exposure increased intracellular ROS, Ca2+, NO and MDA contents and decreased SOD activity, meaning that H2S caused oxidative stress in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish. Furthermore, we found that transgenic zebrafish (cms Tg/+ AB) displayed a lower fluorescence intensity, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and JC-1 monomer fluorescence ratio increased under H2S treatment conditions. These findings indicated that H2S caused mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, in this experiment, after H2S treatment, the increase of apoptotic cells, activity of caspase 3 and transcription of typical apoptosis-associated genes including BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (Bad), and BCL2 associated X apoptosis (Baxa) and so on were found, which suggested that H2S caused apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. Therefore, our data meant that H2S-traggered oxidative stress mediate mitochondrial dysfunction, thus triggering apoptosis. In conclusion, oxidative stress triggered H2S-induced apoptosis via mitochondria pathway in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish.
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•H2S exposure leaded in significant developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae.•Transcriptomic analysis showed that H2S-induced PCD of DEGs increased obviously.•H2S exposure caused an oxidative stress state and damaged antioxidant system.•H2S-induced excessive ROS leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
7.
Toxic Effects of Cadmium on Fish Liu, Yinai; Chen, Qianqian; Li, Yaoqi ...
Toxics,
10/2022, Volume:
10, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Large amounts of enriched cadmium (Cd) in the environment seriously threatens the healthy and sustainable development of the aquaculture industry and greatly restricts the development of the food ...processing industry. Studying the distribution and toxic effects of Cd in fish, as well as the possible toxic effects of Cd on the human body, is very significant. A large number of studies have shown that the accumulation and distribution of Cd in fish are biologically specific, cause tissue differences, and seriously damage the integrity of tissue structure and function, the antioxidant defense system, the reproductive regulation system, and the immune system. The physiological, biochemical, enzyme, molecular, and gene expression levels change with different concentrations and times of Cd exposure, and these changes are closely related to the target sites of Cd action and tissues in fish. Therefore, the toxic effects of Cd on fish occur with multiple tissues, systems, and levels.
Aquatic plants are fundamental for aquatic ecosystems. Understanding variations in geographic patterns of aquatic plant diversity across growth forms is important for conservation and restoration of ...aquatic ecosystems. Environmental drivers, including climate, climate heterogeneity, water chemistry, habitat availability and geodiversity, could influence aquatic plant diversity and species composition across communities, yet their relative impacts remain controversial. Here, we examined geographic patterns and drivers of species richness of Chinese aquatic plants with different growth forms. We compiled distributions of 656 aquatic plant species in China at 50 × 50 km2 resolutions, and estimated richness patterns for species with different growth forms (i.e., helophyte, emergent, floating-leaved, free-drifting and submerged) and range sizes. Hierarchical partitioning analysis was employed to evaluate the independent effects of different environmental drivers on species richness. The Sørensen dissimilarity index and Multiple Matrix Regression with Randomization were used to compare the relative effects of environment and dispersal limitation on species dissimilarity between grid cells. Overall species richness was highest in northeastern and southern China, although species richness patterns varied across growth forms. Among environmental drivers examined, climate was the key determinant of the species richness of helophyte, emergent, floating-leaved and free-drifting plants, while habitat availability and water chemistry best explained the richness of submerged species. The richness of narrow-ranged species was dominated by climate, while the strongest determinant of wide-ranged species richness varied across growth forms. Our study mapped the species richness patterns of aquatic plants in China and indicated that the relationship between aquatic plant richness and environment significantly differed between growth forms and between wide-ranged and narrow-ranged species. These findings indicate the necessity of distinguishing growth forms in studies related to aquatic plants, and suggest that future climate change might threaten the distribution of narrow-ranged aquatic plants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
