Long‐term atmospheric water vapour hydrogen (δ2H), oxygen (δ18O) and deuterium excess (d‐excess) can provide unique insights into the land‐atmosphere coupling processes. The in‐situ measurements of ...atmospheric water vapour δ2H, δ18O and d‐excess were conducted above a reed wetland of Liaodong Bay (2019–2020). We found significant inter‐annual variations in atmospheric water vapour isotopes between the two growing (May–September) seasons. The δ2H, δ18O and d‐excess of atmospheric water vapour exhibited different seasonal and diurnal cycles concerning the vertical measurement heights, especially in 2019. The isotopic differences of atmospheric water vapour among vertical measurement heights were more evident in the daytime. Rainfall events directly impacted the diurnal patterns of water vapour isotopes, and the influences depended on rainfall intensities. However, only weak correlations existed between water vapour isotopes and local meteorological factors (R2 = 0.01–0.16, p < 0.001), such as water vapour concentration (w), Relative Humidity (RH) and surface air temperature (Ta). Based on the back‐air trajectory analyses, the spatial–temporal dynamics of atmospheric water vapour isotopes are highly synchronized with monsoon activities. Different water vapour sources influence the water vapour isotope in this region and the higher d‐excess value is related to the intense convection brought by the monsoon. High‐resolution measurements of atmospheric water vapour isotopes will improve our understanding of the hydrological cycles in coastal areas.
This study focused on the variation of atmospheric water vapour isotopic composition at different time scales over two growing seasons in the Panjin wetland. We attempted to explain the reasons for the interpretation. We combine isotope data with local climate and simulate atmospheric transport models to decipher the observed isotopic signatures of water vapour from local and remote water vapour sources.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The role of political skill was examined in the dynamics of supervisor–subordinate relationship in Chinese firms. Data from a survey of 343 employees, their 343 direct supervisors, and 662 of their ...peers were applied to test a model proposing that Chinese subordinates employ political skill to influence their guanxi with their supervisors, and so promote their career development. We found that supervisor–subordinate guanxi mediated the relationship between political skill and career development of the subordinates. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Treponema pallidum (Tp) has a well-known ability to evade the immune system and can cause neurosyphilis by invading the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS ...that are essential for host defense against pathogens, this study aims to investigate the interaction between Tp and microglia and the potential mechanism. Here, we found that Tp can exert significant toxic effects on microglia in vivo in Tg (mpeg1: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing results showed that Tp downregulated autophagy-related genes in human HMC3 microglial cells, which is negatively associated with apoptotic gene expression. Biochemical and cell biology assays further established that Tp inhibits microglial autophagy by interfering with the autophagosome-lysosome fusion process. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, Tp activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to inhibit the nuclear translocation of TFEB, leading to decreased lysosomal biogenesis and accumulated autophagosome. Importantly, the inhibition of autophagosome formation reversed Tp-induced apoptosis and promoted microglial clearance of Tp. Taken together, these findings show that Tp blocks autophagic flux by inhibiting TFEB-mediated lysosomal biosynthesis in human microglia. Autophagosome accumulation was demonstrated to be a key mechanism underlying the effects of Tp in promoting apoptosis and preventing itself from clearing by human microglia. This study offers novel perspectives on the potential mechanism of immune evasion employed by Tp within CNS. The results not only establish the pivotal role of autophagy dysregulation in the detrimental effects of Tp on microglial cells but also bear considerable implications for the development of therapeutic strategies against Tp, specifically involving mTORC1 inhibitors and autophagosome formation inhibitors, in the context of neurosyphilis patients.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Present methods of vanadium extraction from vanadium slag suffer from serious environmental pollution due to the large production of solid waste and wastewater. This study proposes a cleaner method ...of magnesiation roasting–acid leaching, where magnesium oxide is considered to be a recyclable roasting additive. The maximum extraction efficiency achieved in case of vanadium is 95.56%, and the obtained vanadium pentoxide has a high purity of 99.07%. The magnesium in the leaching liquor is recovered as MgO with purity of 99.21%, and recovery rate of 90.13%, which is recycled as the roasting additive. Furthermore, manganese, ammonium sulfate, and water are recovered and recycled from the wastewater, while the ammonia produced during vanadate calcination is recycled. The resulted leaching residues are recyclable by burning in a blast furnace to recover their iron content for reuse. Herein, the recycling and reuse of all the wastewater and leaching residues result in zero discharge, significant cleanliness, and high resource utilization. This work has opened a new pathway of establishing significantly cleaner production process for environmental sustainability via design and incorporation of inner recycling of wastes into the process in which these wastes are produced.
Display omitted
•Magnesiation roasting-acid leaching method is proposed to extract V from V slag.•Achieved V extraction efficiency is as high as 95.56% with V2O5 purity of 99.07%.•Roasting additive of MgO is recovered from leaching liquor and circularly utilized.•Proposed extraction method has zero discharge, obviously cleaner than present ones.•Resources of Fe and Mn, besides V, in V slag are recovered for full utilization.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
More than two‐thirds of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cannot receive curative therapy and have poor survival due to late diagnosis and few prognostic directions. In our study, ...nontargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses were conducted by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to characterize metabolic features of HCC and identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarker candidate incorporating liver tissue and serum metabolites. A total of 552 subjects, including 432 with liver tissue and 120 with serum specimens, were recruited in China. In the discovery cohort, a series of 138 metabolites were identified to discriminate HCC tissues from matched nontumor tissues. Retinol presented with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.991 and associated with Edmondson grade. In the validation cohort, all metabolites in retinol metabolism pathway were examined and the levels of retinol and retinal in tumor tissue and serum decreased in the order of normal to cirrhosis to HCC of Edmondson Grades I to IV. Retinol and retinal levels could also differentiate between HCC and cirrhosis, with AUCs of 0.996 and 0.994, respectively, in tissue and 0.812 and 0.744, respectively, in serum. The AUC of the combined retinol and retinal panel in serum was 0.852. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified this panel as an independent predictor for HCC and showed that low expression of retinol and retinal correlated with decreased survival time. In conclusion, the retinol metabolic signature had considerable diagnostic and prognostic value for identifying HCC patients who would benefit from prompt therapy and optimal prognostic direction.
What's new?
Currently, α‐fetoprotein (AFP) is the most practical screening biomarker for early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection and prognostic tool for tumor recurrence and patient survival, but the relatively poor sensitivity and specificity remain unsatisfactory. Here, retinol metabolism was found to be closely associated with the malignant transformation of HCC. Retinol and retinal displayed great diagnostic ability for HCC both in liver tissue and serum samples. The two‐metabolite panel could serve as an independent predictor for HCC; low expression of retinol and retinal correlated with decreased survival time. Retinol metabolism thus hold great promise for clinical application in HCC diagnosis and prognosis.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lodging is one of the constraints that limit wheat yields and quality due to the unexpected bending or breaking stems on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. In addition to choosing ...lodging resistance varieties, husbandry practices also have a significant effect on lodging. Nitrogen management is one of the most common and efficient methods. A field experiment with Yangmai 20 as research material (a widely-used variety) was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen levels and ratios on culm morphological, anatomical characters and chemical components and to explore the nitrogen application techniques for lodging tolerance and high yield. Results showed that some index of basal internodes, such as stem wall thickness, filling degree, lignin content, cellulose content, water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and WSC/N ratio, were positively and significantly correlated with culm lodging-resistant index (CLRI). As the increase of nitrogen level and basal nitrogen ratio, the basal internodes became slender and fragile with the thick stem wall, while filling degree, chemical components and the strength of the stem decreased gradually, which significantly increased the lodging risk. The response of grain yield to nitrogen doses was quadratic and grain yield reached the highest at the nitrogen ratio of 50%:10%:20%:20% (the ratio of nitrogen amount applied before sowing, at tillering stage, jointing stage and booting stage respectively, abbreviated as 5:1:2:2). These results suggested that for Yangmai 20, the planting density of 180×104ha-1, nitrogen level of 225 kg ha-1, and the ratio of 5: 1: 2: 2 effectively increased lodging resistance and grain yield. This combination of planting density and nitrogen level and ratio could effectively relieve the contradiction between high-yielding and anti-lodging.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The tandem structure is an efficient way to simultaneously tackle absorption and thermalization losses of the single junction solar cells. In this work, a high‐performance tandem organic solar cell ...(OSC) using two subcells with the same donor poly(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo1,2‐b:4,5‐b′dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)) (PBDB‐T) and two acceptors, F‐M and 2,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)benzf indanone))7,12‐dihydro‐(4,4,10,10‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐5,11‐diocthylthieno3′,2′:4,5cyclopenta1,2‐bthieno2″,3″:3′,4′cyclopenta1′,2′:4,5thieno2,3‐f1benzothiophene (NNBDT), with complementary absorptions is demonstrated. The two subcells show high Voc with value of 0.99 V for the front cell and 0.86 V for the rear cell, which is the prerequisite for obtaining high Voc of their series‐connected tandem device. Although there is much absorption overlap for the subcells, a decent Jsc of the tandem cell is still obtained owing to the complementary absorption of the two acceptors in a wide range. With systematic device optimizations, a best power conversion efficiency of 14.52% is achieved for the tandem device, with a high Voc of 1.82 V, a notable FF of 74.7%, and a decent Jsc of 10.68 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of fabricating high‐efficiency tandem OSCs through elaborate selection of the active layer materials in each subcell and tradeoff of the Voc and Jsc of the tandem cells.
A tandem organic solar cell is fabricated employing subcells with the same donor PBDB‐T and two acceptors F‐M and NNBDT with complementary absorptions. A power conversion efficiency of 14.52% is achieved with a high Voc of 1.82 V, a notable FF of 74.7%, and a decent Jsc of 10.68 mA cm−2.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment of DKD is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes ...mellitus. Traditional therapeutic strategies focus on the control of major risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have been the main therapeutic measures in the past, but the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists has provided more options for the management of DKD. Simultaneously, with advances in research on the pathogenesis of DKD, some new therapies targeting renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress have gradually entered clinical application. In addition, some recently discovered therapeutic targets and signaling pathways, mainly in preclinical and early clinical trial stages, are expected to provide benefits for patients with DKD in the future. This review summarizes the traditional treatments and emerging management options for DKD, demonstrating recent advances in the therapeutic strategies for DKD.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Microtubules play a crucial role during the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. In fission yeast cells, the microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) (including the CLIP-170 ...homologue Tip1) regulate microtubule dynamics and also transport polarity factors to the cell cortex. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Dma1 plays an unexpected role in controlling polarized growth through ubiquitinating Tip1. Dma1 colocalizes with Tip1 to cortical sites at cell ends, and is required for ubiquitination of Tip1. Although the absence of dma1
does not cause apparent polar growth defects in vegetatively growing cells, Dma1-mediated Tip1 ubiquitination is required to restrain polar growth upon DNA replication stress. This mechanism is distinct from the previously recognized calcineurin-dependent inhibition of polarized growth. In this work, we establish a link between Dma1-mediated Tip1 ubiquitination and DNA replication or DNA damage checkpoint-dependent inhibition of polarized growth in fission yeast.
Background/Aims
Targeted drug delivery vehicles with low immunogenicity and toxicity are needed for cancer therapy. Here, we prepare an active targeting drug carrier of low immunogenicity and ...toxicity for targeted therapy.
Methods
Immature dendritic cells (imDCs) from BALB/c mice were used as donor cells of exosomes (Exos) that were transfected with the plasmids expressing fusion proteins of a tumor-targeting peptide known as internalizing RGD (iRGD) to construct a type of tumor-targeting iRGD-Exos and observe the interaction between these iRGD-Exos. Also, recombinant methioninase (rMETase) was loaded into the iRGD-Exos by electroporation to construct iRGD-Exos-rMETase and to assess the tumor-targeting function of the iRGD-Exos-rMETase. Finally, 30 BALB/c were randomly divided into five groups (
n
= 6), to observe tumor growth in vivo.
Results
The iRGD-Exos-rMETase was 99.58 nm in diameter and presented a unique “goblet” structure under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 19.05%. iRGD-Exos-rMETase group has the strongest tumor suppressive effect. Compared to the iRGD-Exos-rMETase group, rMETase group and the blank-Exos-rMETase group were less effective, while the PBS group and the iRGD-Exos group showed no inhibitory effect on tumor growth. After treatment, the iRGD-Exos-rMETase group had gastric tumors significantly smaller and lighter than the other groups (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The iRGD-Exos-rMETase is an effective antitumor therapy that delivers rMETase to tumor tissue using the iRGD-Exos. With its favorable inhibitory effect and tumor-targeting function, the iRGD-Exos-rMETase shows excellent potential value and exciting prospects in clinical applications.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
PDF
