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•Caffeic acid could decrease serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats.•Reveal the mechanism of caffeic acid to reduce uric acid in vivo and in vitro.•Caffeic acid could adjust the ...transcription levels of uric acid transporters.•Caffeic acid could inhibit xanthine oxidase activity.
The mechanism underlying the reduction in uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats by caffeic acid was investigated in this study. Different doses of caffeic acid (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered to hyperuricemia rats induced by the intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate. In vivo study showed that caffeic acid can down-regulate the transcription levels of URAT1 and GLUT9 mRNA and up-regulate the transcription levels of OAT1, UAT, and ABCG2 mRNA. In vitro study indicated caffeic acid competitively binds with xanthine oxidase to inhibit its activity, and the IC50 value was 53.45 µM. It was concluded that caffeic acid decreases serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemia rats by binding with xanthine oxidase and inhibiting its catalytic activity and by regulating the mRNA transcription of the renal uric acid transporters.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Long noncoding RNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) has been characterized as a critical factor in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic ...leukemia (APL) cells. However, the essential transcription factor for gene expression of HOTAIRM1 is still unknown.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that PU.1 constitutively bound to the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1. Co-expression of PU.1 led to the transactivation of the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1 in a reporter assay. Detailed analysis showed that two PU.1 motifs, which were located around +1100 bp downstream of the transcriptional start site of the HOTAIRM1 promoter, were responsible for the PU.1-dependent transactivation. The induction of HOTAIRM1 by ATRA was dependent on PU.1, and ectopic expression of PU.1 significantly up-regulated HOTAIRM1. Furthermore, low HOTAIRM1 expression was observed in APL cells, which was attributed to the reduced PU.1 expression rather than the repression by PML-RARα via the direct binding.
PU.1 directly activates the expression of HOTAIRM1 through binding to the regulatory region of HOTAIRM1 during granulocytic differentiation. The reduced PU.1 expression, rather than PML-RARα itself, results in the low expression of HOTAIRM1 in APL cells. Our findings enrich the knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs and the underlying mechanisms of the abnormal expression of lncRNAs involved in APL.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, ...large-scale genomic research has indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques frequently results in insertions-deletions (indels). Base editing allows precise single-nucleotide changes in the genome in the absence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and donor repair templates (DRTs). Therefore, BEs have provided a new way of thinking about genome editing, and base editing techniques are currently being utilized to edit the genomes of many different organisms. As traditional breeding techniques and modern molecular breeding technologies complement each other, various genome editing technologies have emerged. How to realize the greater potential of BE applications is the question we need to consider. Here, we explain various base editings such as CBEs, ABEs, and CGBEs. In addition, the latest applications of base editing technologies in agriculture are summarized, including crop yield, quality, disease, and herbicide resistance. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of base editing technologies are presented. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of BE in crop breeding to further improve BE and make the most of its value.
Colon cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and its progression is accompanied by a complex array of genetic variations. CRISPR/Cas9 can identify new drug-resistant or ...sensitive mutations in colon cancer, and can use gene editing technology to develop new therapeutic targets and provide personalized treatments, thereby significantly improving the treatment of colon cancer patients. CRISPR/Cas9 systems are driving advances in biotechnology. RNA-directed Cas enzymes have accelerated the pace of basic research and led to clinical breakthroughs. This article reviews the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas in colon cancer, from gene editing to transcription regulation, gene knockout, genome-wide CRISPR tools, therapeutic targets, stem cell genomics, immunotherapy, metabolism-related genes and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, the limitations and future development of CRISPR/Cas9 in colon cancer studies are reviewed. In conclusion, this article reviews the application of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in basic research, diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
The Issyk-Kul Basin, Central Asia.
Currently, there is a scarcity of in-depth evaluations of the progression and factors that affect the intensification of the water cycle at the basin level, given ...the increased fluctuations in the global hydrological cycle. In this study, a water cycle intensity (WCI) indicator based on the terrestrial water balance equation was used to assess basin-scale water cycle characteristics from 1982 to 2017, and the Bayesian estimator algorithm (BEAST) and wavelet transform coherence (WTC) were used to analyse the temporal evolution characteristics and factors influencing the intensity of the water cycle.
The WCI of the Issyk-Kul Basin (ISKB) undergoes an abrupt change and displays an intensified trend with a clear time-scale effect in the trend change following the global warming hiatus. In terms of forcing factors, the interannual variability in the WCI was driven by the Tibetan Plateau Index_B (TPI) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) until 1998, while afterwards it was driven by the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). The alteration in the forcing relationship was a significant contributor to the sudden shift observed in the WCI in 1998. This study improves the comprehension of basin-scale alterations in the intensity of the water cycle and their driving mechanisms under climate change, with practical implications for the management of water resources in arid Central Asia.
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•The Issyk-Kul basin shows an increasing trend in the water cycle intensity.•Increased water cycle intensity is mainly located in high mountain areas.•Water cycle intensity increases in most of the basin after a global warming hiatus.•Multiple large-scale circulations lead to the water cycle intensity abrupt change.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ContextClerodendranthus spicatus Thunb. (Labiatae) (CS), a perennial traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can reduce serum uric acid (sUA) levels and ameliorate renal function is widely used to ...treat hyperuricaemic nephropathy (HN).ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism of action of CS in HN treatment using in vivo and in vitro experiments.Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, HN, CS and positive control allopurinol groups. The HN group was intraperitoneally injected with 750 mg/kg oxonic acid potassium (OA), whereas the CS group was injected with OA along with a gavage of CS (low dose 3.125 g/kg, high dose 6.25 g/kg) for five weeks. For in vitro studies, uric acid-treated HK2 cells were used to verify the therapeutic mechanism of CS in HN.ResultsHN rats exhibit pathological phenotypes of elevated sUA levels and renal injury. CS significantly improved these symptoms and sUA (p < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) levels, and dramatically improved renal tubular injury in HN rats. The IC50 value of UA (uric acid) in HK2 cells was 826.32 ± 3.55 μg/mL; however, 120 ng/mL CS had no significant cytotoxicity on HK2 cells. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that CS inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and inhibited α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin expression while increasing E-cadherin expression, suggesting that CS inhibited the fibrotic process in renal cells, thus protecting renal function.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings provide a fundamental understanding of the application of CS in HN treatment to better guide clinical interventions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Accurately establishing a 3D digital core model is of great significance in oil and gas production. The physical experiment method and numerical modeling method are common modeling methods. With the ...development of deep learning technology, a variety of deep learning algorithms have been applied to digital core modeling. The digital core modeling method based on generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) has attracted wide attention due to its good quality and simple generation process. The disadvantage of this method is that the network needs thousands of trainings to achieve acceptable results. For this reason, this paper proposes to use the pretrained GANs for digital core modeling training, which can greatly reduce the number of network training while ensuring the core modeling effect. We can use the presented method to quickly complete the training and use the trained generator model to obtain multiple digital cores. By analyzing the quality of the generated cores from multiple aspects, it is revealed that the properties of the generated cores are in good agreement with the ones of the real core samples. The results indicate the reliability of the pretrained GAN method.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Graphene films, fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, have exhibited superiorities in high crystallinity, thickness controllability, and large‐scale uniformity. However, most ...synthesized graphene films are substrate‐dependent, and usually fragile for practical application. Herein, a freestanding graphene film is prepared based on the CVD route. By using the etchable fabric substrate, a large‐scale papyraceous freestanding graphene fabric film (FS‐GFF) is obtained. The electrical conductivity of FS‐GFF can be modulated from 50 to 2800 Ω sq−1 by tailoring the graphene layer thickness. Moreover, the FS‐GFF can be further attached to various shaped objects by a simple rewetting manipulation with negligible changes of electric conductivity. Based on the advanced fabric structure, excellent electrical property, and high infrared emissivity, the FS‐GFF is thus assembled into a flexible device with tunable infrared emissivity, which can achieve the adaptive camouflage ability in complicated backgrounds. This work provides an infusive insight into the fabrication of large‐scale freestanding graphene fabric films, while promoting the exploration on the flexible infrared camouflage textiles.
A freestanding graphene film is reported by etching graphene‐coated substrate with fabric structure. Moreover, the large‐scale papyraceous freestanding graphene fabric film (FS‐GFF) can be further attached to various shaped substrates and showing a superior electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the FS‐GFF based infrared camouflage flexible textile device exhibits superior infrared camouflage performance.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
With the development of the economy and society, energy problems have become a great concern. The heat pump-coupled thermal energy storage (TES) system is a potential form of building heating, which ...can improve the stability of the grid and promote the consumption of renewable energy. Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in the field of building heating, but there are still some problems such as unsatisfactory melting points, low thermal conductivity, phase separation, and supercooling, which limit the application of PCMs in heat pump heating systems. Therefore, it is very important to improve PCMs by a performance improvement method. This work first summarizes the classification, advantages and disadvantages of PCMs, and introduces the connection between PCMs and heat pumps. Then, a detailed summary of PCMs applied in heat pump heating systems is presented, and a comprehensive review of the performance improvement methods for PCMs, which include additives, encapsulation, and eutectic compounds, is discussed. Finally, the existing problems, solutions, and future research directions are proposed. The emphasis of the research is to clarify the influence of PCMs on heat pump performance and the effect of different performance improvement methods on PCMs, and to illustrate the future development direction for PCMs in heat pump heating technologies, including the matching of heat pumps and PCMs, multi-standard decision methods and advanced control strategies.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The goal of this study was to systematically summarize and categorize the syndrome differentiation, medication rules, and acupoint therapy in the domestic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ...literature on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such that guidelines and new insights can be provided for future practitioners and researchers.
Taking randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of T2DM in TCM as the research theme, we searched for full-text literature in three major clinical databases, including CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP, published between 1990 and 2020. We then conducted frequency statistics, cluster analysis, association rules extraction, and topic modeling based on a corpus of medical academic words extracted from 3,654 research articles.
The TCM syndrome types, subjective symptoms, objective indicators, Chinese herbal medicine, acupuncture points, and TCM prescriptions for T2DM were compiled based on invigorating the kidney and
, nourishing
, and strengthening the spleen. Most TCM syndrome differentiation for T2DM was identified as "
" (the lesion in the spleen and stomach) and "
" (the lesion in the kidney) deficiency syndromes, and most medications and acupoint therapies were focused on the "Spleen Channel" and "Kidney Channel." However, stagnation of liver
was mentioned less when compared with other syndromes, which did not have symptomatic medicines.
This study provides an in-depth perspective for the TCM syndrome differentiation, medication rules, and acupoint therapy for T2DM and provides practitioners and researchers with valuable information about the current status and frontier trends of TCM research on T2DM in terms of both diagnosis and treatment.
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