Immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) is a naturally occurring antibody that consists of only two heavy chains with two independent variable domains. The variable binding domain of IgNAR, ...called variable new antigen receptor (VNAR), is attractive due to its solubility, thermal stability, and small size. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a viral capsid protein found on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It appears in the blood of an individual infected with HBV and is widely used as a diagnostic marker for HBV infection. In this study, the whitespotted bamboo sharks (
) were immunized with the recombinant HBsAg protein. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of immunized bamboo sharks were further isolated and used to construct a VNAR-targeted HBsAg phage display library. The 20 specific VNARs against HBsAg were then isolated by bio-panning and phage ELISA. The 50% of maximal effect (EC
) of three nanobodies, including HB14, HB17, and HB18, were 4.864 nM, 4.260 nM, and 8.979 nM, respectively. The Sandwich ELISA assay further showed that these three nanobodies interacted with different epitopes of HBsAg protein. When taken together, our results provide a new possibility for the application of VNAR in HBV diagnosis and also demonstrate the feasibility of using VNAR for medical testing.
•Geometric optimization and energy calculations for the original structure of pure ZnO, Zn0.96875R0.03125O (R replaces Cu or Al) and Zn 1−x−yCux AlyO (x,y = 0.03125, 0.03125; 0.0625, 0.03125 and ...0.03125, 0.0625) by using the first-principles generalized gradient approximation plane-wave pseudopotential method combined with Hubbard U correction (GGA + U) based on density functional theory.•The stability, electronic structure, conductivity and optical properties of Cu/Al doped ZnO in the conditions of different concentrations and different positions were studied.•It was found that co-doping is more beneficial to the conduction than single-doping, and the influence of the concentration of Al on the conductivity of the system is larger than that of Cu. The absorption of Zn0.90625Cu0.0625Al0.03125O in visible light is the strongest.
The stability, electronic structure, conductivity and optical properties of Cu/Al doped ZnO in the condition of different concentrations and different positions were studied by using the first-principles generalized gradient approximation plane-wave pseudopotential method combined with Hubbard U correction based on density functional theory. Geometric optimization and energy calculations for the original structure of pure ZnO, Zn0.96875R0.03125O (R replaces Cu or Al) and Zn1−x−yCuxAlyO (x, y = 0.03125, 0.03125; 0.0625, 0.03125 and 0.03125, 0.0625). The results show that the co-doped systems are more stable than single-doped, and each of the systems is easier to form under O-rich conditions. When doping at the same concentration, the volume of the system with different impurity atoms on the same horizontal plane is small. In this paper, the co-doping can greatly reduce the band-gap of ZnO, so that the absorption edge of each system is red-shifted, the absorption of Zn0.90625Cu0.0625Al0.03125O in visible light is the strongest. The carrier mobility and conductivity of each system were calculated by the relative quantity of carriers and the effective mass. It is found that co-doping is more beneficial to the conduction than single-doping, and the influence of the concentration of Al on the conductivity of the system is larger than that of Cu.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nowadays, heterogeneous cloud resources are charged by cloud providers according to the pay-as-you-go pricing model. To execute workflow applications in clouds under deadline constraints, cloud ...resources have to be utilized appropriately and judiciously, challenging traditional workflow scheduling algorithms, which are either inapplicable to the cloud environment or fail to fully exploit the features of scheduling problem for cost optimization. In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm CSDW and a meta-heuristic algorithm N-WOA to minimize the execution cost of the given workflow subject to the deadline constraint in clouds. CSDW first assigns the sub-deadline to each task based on the modified probabilistic upward rank, and then tasks are sorted and mapped to appropriate instances, finally instance-type upgrading and downgrading method is adopted to further accelerate workflow execution and reduce the total cost, respectively. N-WOA employs whale optimization algorithm for deadline-constrained cost optimization by refining the task ordering step in CSDW. By simulation experiments on scientific workflows with existing algorithms, the results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithms in meeting the deadlines and reducing the execution costs, CSDW is highly competitive and N-WOA achieves the best performance in all cases.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
For the investigation of the exchange bias effect and magneto-optical properties of Bi
0.8
Re
0.2
(Re = Nd and Sm)FeO
3
(BNFO and BSFO) nanofibers were synthesized via the electrospinning technique. ...The crystal structure was changed from rhombohedral phases of space group R3c before undoping shift to orthorhombic phases of space group
Pbam
and
Pnma
after doping of Nd
3+
and Sm
3+
ions, respectively, by the Rietveld refinement results. Analysis of the magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrated that the remanent magnetization especially coercivity of BNFO and BSFO nanofibers at 10 K and 300 K exhibited obviously variation, which was attributed to the lower temperature suppressed the fluctuation of magneto-caloric and valence state. The XPS and EDS results displayed the Nd
3+
and Sm
3+
ions were successfully doped into BFO nanofibers. Meanwhile, the lattice distortion
induced the suppression of antiferromagnetic ordered spin modulation, which played an important role to enhance the magnetic properties. It was observed that the exchange bias effect (
H
EB
) of BNFO nanofibers was higher than those of BSFO nanofibers. UV–vis spectra measurements revealed the band gap of BNFO and BSFO nanofibers was 1.87 eV and 1.85 eV, respectively, and the absorption edges of BSFO nanofibers occurred a slightly red shift. The MO degradation rates of BNFO and BSFO nanofibers reached about 89.4% and 78.6%, respectively, which could be a potential candidate in photo-electron devices and the semiconductor industry.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Lung cancer has long been the most dangerous malignant tumor among males in both well developed and poorly developed countries. Radiotherapy plays a critical role in the curative management of ...inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is also used as a post-surgical treatment in lung cancer patients. Radioresistance is an important factor that limits the efficacy of radiotherapy for NSCLC patients. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) possess diverse cellular regulatory roles in radiation responses.
In this study, we used miRNA microarray technology to identify serum miRNAs that were differentially expressed before and after radiotherapy in lung cancer patients. We further examined the biological function of miR-208a on cell viability, apoptotic death and cell cycle distribution in human lung cancer cells and explored the probable mechanism.
Nine miRNAs, including miR-29b-3p, miR-200a-3p, and miR-126-3p were significantly down-regulated, whereas miR-208a was the only miRNA that was up-regulated in the serum of the patients after radiation treatment (P < 0.05). The expression of miR-208a could be induced by X-ray irradiation in lung cancer cells. Forced expression of miR-208a promoted cell proliferation and induced radioresistance via targeting p21 with a corresponding activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in lung cancer cells, whereas down-regulation of miR-208a resulted in the opposite effects. In addition, down-regulation of miR-208a increased the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis and inhibited the G1 phase arrest in NSCLC cells. Moreover, miR-208a from the serum exosome fraction of lung cancer patients could shuttle to A549 cells in a time-dependent manner, which was likely to contribute to the subsequent biological effects.
The present study provides evidence that miR-208a can affect the proliferation and radiosensitivity of human lung cancer cells by targeting p21 and can be transported by exosomes. Thus, miR-208a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer patients.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), an important clinical testing factor and drug target, can trigger serious autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Thus, the TNFα antibodies have great potential ...application in diagnostics and therapy fields. The variable binding domain of IgNAR (VNAR), the shark single domain antibody, has some excellent advantages in terms of size, solubility, and thermal and chemical stability, making them an ideal alternative to conventional antibodies. This study aims to obtain VNARs that are specific for mouse TNF (mTNF) from whitespotted bamboosharks. After immunization of whitespotted bamboosharks, the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were isolated from the sharks, then the VNAR phage display library was constructed. Through phage display panning against mTNFα, positive clones were validated through ELISA assay. The affinity of the VNAR and mTNFα was measured using ELISA and Bio-Layer Interferometry. The binding affinity of 3B11 VNAR reached 16.7 nM. Interestingly, one new type of VNAR targeting mTNF was identified that does not belong to any known VNAR type. To understand the binding mechanism of VNARs to mTNFα, the models of VNARs-mTNFα complexes were predicted by computational modeling combining HawkDock and RosettaDock. Our results showed that four VNARs' epitopes overlapped in part with that of mTNFR. Furthermore, the ELISA assay shows that the 3B11 potently inhibited mTNFα binding to mTNFR. This study may provide the basis for the TNFα blockers and diagnostics applications.
The development of edge computing provides a novel deployment strategy for delay-aware applications, in which applications initially deployed in central servers are shifted closer to end-users for ...higher-quality and lower-delay services. However, with the growth in the number of end-users and devices, edge services are increasingly susceptible to sudden load spikes. In burst load scenarios, deploying services and allocating resources to maintain service quality and load balancing of edge servers become challenging, particularly given the coupling of resource requirements between services. This paper addresses this challenge by modeling the load burst scenario as a Markov decision problem and proposing a deep reinforcement learning-based (DRL-based) approach. The proposed approach ranks services based on their migration status and request delay violations, and makes scaling and migration decisions for each service in turn, with the goal of maximizing the total request throughput while satisfying delay requirements and resource constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms other algorithms in terms of total throughput and delay violation rate.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, different forms of fibers can be obtained by adjusting the rotating speed of the collecting cylinder. This is due to the centripetal force generated by the collecting cylinder when the ...precursor colloid is on the collecting drum, which makes the diameter of nanofibers change significantly, thus forming different nanofibers and nanobelts. The average diameter of nanofibers increased from 0.09 μm to 0.79 μm, and finally decreased to 0.17 μm. The results show that the morphology of nanofibers also has a significant effect on the magnetic properties of the materials, which is due to the interaction of domain rotation and fiber crystallization. The coercivity of nanoribbons is 1145.39 Oe. The research in this field is of great significance to the industrial production of nanofibers and the morphology and application of nanofibers.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The morphology of magnetic materials has a great influence on the properties, which is attributed to the magnetic anisotropy of the materials. Therefore, it is worth studying the fabrication of the ...aligned fiber and the change of its domain distribution. Nanoparticles and nanofibers were prepared by the hydrothermal and electrospinning methods, respectively. At the same time, the arranged nanofibers were collected by the drum collecting device. After the same annealing at 700 °C, it was found that the diameter of fibers collected by different collecting drums is similar. By studying the hysteresis loops of nanoarrays, it was found that they had strong anisotropy. The easy axis was parallel to the long axis, the Hc and Mr of the easy axis and the hard axis were 1330.5 Oe, 32.39 Am2/kg, and 857.2 Oe, 24.8 Am2/kg, respectively. Due to the anisotropy of the shape and the interaction between the particles, the Hc could not be enhanced. Therefore, the Ms and Hc of the nanoparticles were 80.23 Am2/kg and 979.3 Oe, respectively. The hysteresis loop and the change of magnetic moment during the demagnetization of the CoFe2O4 nanofiber array were simulated via micromagnetic software. The simulated Hc was 1480 Oe, which was similar to the experimental value.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In eukaryotes, small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) function in many fundamental cellular events such as precursor messenger RNA splicing, gene expression regulation, and ribosomal RNA processing. The snRNA ...activating protein complex (SNAPc) exclusively recognizes the proximal sequence element (PSE) at snRNA promoters and recruits RNA polymerase II or III to initiate transcription. In view that homozygous gene-knockout of SNAPc core subunits causes mouse embryonic lethality, functions of SNAPc are almost housekeeping. But so far, the structural insight into how SNAPc assembles and regulates snRNA transcription initiation remains unclear. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the essential part of human SNAPc in complex with human U6-1 PSE at an overall resolution of 3.49 Å. This structure reveals the three-dimensional features of three conserved subunits (N-terminal domain of SNAP190, SNAP50, and SNAP43) and explains how they are assembled into a stable mini-SNAPc in PSE-binding state with a "wrap-around" mode. We identify three important motifs of SNAP50 that are involved in both major groove and minor groove recognition of PSE, in coordination with the Myb domain of SNAP190. Our findings further elaborate human PSE sequence conservation and compatibility for SNAPc recognition, providing a clear framework of snRNA transcription initiation, especially the U6 system.
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