Driver's cognitive workload has an important impact on driving safety. This paper carries out an on-road experiment to analyse the impact from three innovative aspects: significance analysis of ...electroencephalogram (EEG) under different cognitive workloads, distribution of EEG maps with different frequency signals and influence of different cognitive workloads on driving safety based on EEG. First, the EEG signals are processed and four frequencies of delta, theta, alpha and beta are obtained. Then, the time-frequency transform and power spectral density calculation are carried out by short-time Fourier to study the correlation of each frequency signal of different workload states, as well as the distribution pattern of the EEG topographic map. Finally, the time and space energy and phase changes in each cognitive task event are studied through event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence. Results show the difference between left and right brains, as well as the resource occupancy trends of the monitor, perception, visual and auditory channels in different driving conditions. Results also demonstrate that the increase in cognitive workloads will directly affect driving safety. Changes in cognitive workload have different effects on brain signals, and this paper can provide a theoretical basis for improving driving safety under different cognitive workloads. Mastering the EEG characteristics of signals can provide more targeted supervision and safety warnings for the driver.
A growing body of evidence demonstrates obesity‐induced insulin resistance is associated with the development of metabolic diseases. This study was designed to investigate ethyl acetate fraction of ...Chinese olive fruit extract (CO‐EtOAc)‐mediated attenuation of obesity and hyperglycemia in a mouse model. About 60% HFD‐fed mice were treated intragastrically with CO‐EtOAc for last 6 weeks, and body weight, blood biochemical parameters as well as hepatic inflammation response were investigated. Our results showed that CO‐EtOAc treatment significantly reduced the formation of hepatic lipid droplets, body weight gain, blood glucose, and improved serum biochemical parameters in HFD‐induced obese and insulin resistant mice. We further explored the molecular mechanism underlying the blood glucose modulating effect of CO‐EtOAc using L6 myotubes model. We conclude that CO‐EtOAc effectively increases the glycogen content and glucose uptake by stimulating the membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4. In addition, CO‐EtOAc depolarizes the mitochondrial membrane and decreases the mitochondrial oxygen consumption, which may result in AMPK activation and the consequent mitochondrial fission. This study shows that CO‐EtOAc prevents the development of obesity in mice fed with HFD and is also capable of stimulating glucose uptake. The possible mechanism might be due to the effects of CO‐EtOAc on activation of AMPK and promotion of mitochondrial fission.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A low‐profile planar phased array based on the hybrid‐mode patch technique is presented to achieve the goal of increasing the scanning angle. The array element antenna simultaneously operates at TM10 ...and TM20 modes of two rectangle patches. By adjusting the length of a slot etched on one patch, the far field of the two modes can be combined by a certain proportion, and thus the complementary beams realize wide‐beam radiation. Besides, in order to improve the array active reflection performance in a wide‐scan range, the slot technique is adopted to achieve the element miniaturization, and a grounded isolator is introduced to reduce the mutual coupling between the array elements. The proposed phased array shows a measured main‐beam coverage from −68° to +66° with its gain fluctuation and sidelobe levels lower than 1.5 and − 10 dB, respectively.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Due to cost and energy consumption limitations, there are significant differences in the positioning capabilities of mobile terminals, resulting in unsatisfactory quality of trajectory data. In this ...paper, satellite Doppler data is used to optimize trajectory data. First, the system state equation is established by the kinematic relationship between the measured velocity and position, and the static linear Kalman filter estimates the optimal system state. Then a dynamic Kalman filter system is established by correlating the measurement error matrix parameters of the Kalman filter with the vertical dilution of precision of satellite positioning. Finally, the whole-day trajectory of a taxi in Shenzhen was visualized, and the deviation between the trajectory points and the urban road was calculated to compare the optimized and non-optimized taxi trajectories. The results show that the proposed optimization method can effectively reduce the deviation between trajectory points and urban roads, and this method can be used to process vehicle trajectory data in urban traffic research.
This article presents a novel risk assessment method for aircraft flight plans in a four-dimensional trajectory-based operation background. With the increasing air transport volume and airspace ...demand and during the allocation and modification of flight plans, safety should also be considered in addition to economic benefits and competitiveness. By employing the time geography concept, this article first quantifies the space-time accessibility and estimates the visiting probability of aircraft in the four-dimensional trajectory-based operation context. On this basis, this article studies the method and process to evaluate the conflict risk between one flight plan and a special airspace, the weather-influenced airspace, and another flight plan. This article also proposes the conflict risk alerting strategy. The achievements of the study are expected to provide assistance for air traffic controllers in strategic conflict avoidance and are of great significance in assuring air transport safety.
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CEKLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to postoperative delirium, but cost‐effective and non‐invasive assessment of its permeability is not practicable in the clinical ...settings. Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), reflecting systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction, may be a prognostic and predictive factor associated with postoperative delirium. The aim was to analyze the relationship between UACR and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective non‐cardiac surgery.
Materials and methods
Through stratified random sampling, a cohort of 408 individuals aged 60 years and older scheduled for elective non‐cardiac surgery were included between February and August 2019 in the single‐center, prospective, observational study. The presence of delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) or Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM‐ICU) on the day of surgery, at 2 h after the surgery ending time and on the first 3 consecutive days with repeated twice‐daily, with at least 6‐h intervals between assessments. Urine samples were collected on one day before surgery, and 1st day and 3rd day after surgery. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative delirium, and association of the level of UACR with postoperative delirium was evaluated with unadjusted/adjusted analyses and multivariable logistic regression.
Results
Postoperative delirium was observed in 26.75% (107 of 400) of patients within 3 days post‐surgery. UACR‐Pre (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.14–1.49, p < 0.001), UACR‐POD1 (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13–1.27, p < 0.001), and UACR‐POD3 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20, p < 0.001) between the delirium and non‐delirium groups show a significant difference, even after adjusting for age, education levels, and other factors.
Conclusion
As the marker of endothelial dysfunction, the high perioperative UACR value may be linked to the postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective non‐cardiac surgery.
The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to postoperative delirium, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), reflecting systemic vascular endothelial dysfunction. As the marker of endothelial dysfunction, the high perioperative UACR value may be linked to the postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective non‐cardiac surgery.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A low-cost, timely, and durable long-term approach to resident travel surveys is crucial for authorities to understand the city’s transportation systems and formulate transportation planning and ...management policies. This paper summarizes commonly used wireless positioning technologies and uses the STDBSCAN method to identify travel endpoints based on the characteristics of trajectory location information. It uses Shenzhen cellular signaling data to visually analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of urban traffic demand, traffic correlation, and asymmetry of traffic flow between different traffic zones. The results confirm that mobile internet information represented by cellular signaling information can effectively reflect the traffic status of urban areas, which, compared to traditional travel survey methods, has the advantages of lower cost, more timely feedback, and can be durably carried out in the long term.
Postanesthetic shivering is a common complication of anesthesia, which accounts for much discomfort in postoperative patients and may increase postoperative complications in high-risk patients. Due ...to the lack of high-quality evidence, it is difficult to draw a conclusion about optimal anti-shivering medication. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic use of ketamine for preventing postanesthetic shivering.
We searched the following databases: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trails for randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome observed was the difference of the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering between ketamine group and placebo group. The secondary outcomes were the sedation score and incidence of the side effects caused by ketamine and any other drugs utilized in the studies.
In this meta-analysis, we analyzed a total of 16 trials including 1485 patients. Ketamine reduced the incidence rate of postanesthetic shivering compared to a placebo (odds ratio OR: 0.13, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.06 to 0.26, P<0.01). Regarding side effects, there was no evident variability of the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Usage of ketamine was associated with a lower rate of hypotension and bradycardia when compared to a placebo. Hallucinations were more frequently observed in patients who received higher doses of ketamine. No significant difference was found in the incidence of postanesthetic shivering with ketamine versus other pharmacological interventions.
Ketamine can prevent postanesthetic shivering without severe side effects. However, ketamine shows no advantage over other anti-shivering drugs.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Targeted gene therapy has become a promising approach for lung cancer treatment. In our previous work, we reported that the targeted expression of microRNA-7 (miR-7) operated by thyroid transcription ...factor-1 (TTF-1) promoter inhibited the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo; however, the intervention efficiency needed to be further improved. In this study, we identified the core promoter of TTF-1 (from −1299 bp to −871 bp) by 5′ deletion assay and screened out the putative transcription factors nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Further analysis revealed that the expression level of NF-1, but not AP-1, was positively connected with the activation of TTF-1 core promoter in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Moreover, the silencing of NF-1 could reduce the expression level of miR-7 operated by TTF-1 core promoter. Of note, we optimized four distinct sequences to form additional NF-1-binding sites (TGGCA) in the sequence of TTF-1 core promoter (termed as
opt
TTF-1 promoter), and verified the binding efficiency of NF-1 on the
opt
TTF-1 promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). As expected, the
opt
TTF-1 promoter could more effectively drive miR-7 expression and inhibit the growth of human NSCLC cells in vitro, accompanied by a reduced transduction of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1α subcomplex 4 (NDUFA4)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. Consistently,
opt
TTF-1 promoter-driven miR-7 expression could also effectively abrogate the growth and metastasis of tumor cells in a murine xenograft model of human NSCLC. Finally, no significant changes were detected in the biological indicators or the histology of some important tissues and organs, including heart, liver, and spleen. On the whole, our study revealed that the optimized TTF-1 promoter could more effectively operate miR-7 to influence the growth of human NSCLC cells, providing a new basis for the development of microRNA-based targeting gene therapy against clinical lung cancer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Data-driven forecasting methods have the problems of complex calculations, poor portability and need a large amount of training data, which limits the application of data-driven methods in small ...cities. This paper proposes a traffic flow forecasting method using a Nonlinear AutoRegressive model with eXogenous variables (NARX model), which uses a dynamic neural network Focused Time-Delay Neural Network (FTDNN) with a Tapped Delay Line (TDL) structure as a nonlinear function. The TDL structure enables the FTDNN to have short-term memory capabilities. At the same time, before the data is input into the FTDNN, the use of trend decomposition or differential calculation on the traffic data sequence can make the NARX model maintain long-term predictive capabilities. Compared with common nonlinear models, the FTDNN has structural advantages. It uses a simple TDL structure without the memory mechanism and the gated structure, which can reduce the parameters of the model and reduce the scale of data. Through the four-day data of Guilin City, the traffic volume forecast for five minutes is verified, and the performance of the NARX model is better than that of the SARIMA model and the Holt-Winters model.
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