Understanding how dietary nutrients modulate the gut microbiome is of great interest for the development of food products and eating patterns for combatting the global burden of non-communicable ...diseases. In this narrative review we assess scientific studies published from 2005 to 2019 that evaluated the effect of micro- and macro-nutrients on the composition of the gut microbiome using in vitro and in vivo models, and human clinical trials. The clinical evidence for micronutrients is less clear and generally lacking. However, preclinical evidence suggests that red wine- and tea-derived polyphenols and vitamin D can modulate potentially beneficial bacteria. Current research shows consistent clinical evidence that dietary fibers, including arabinoxylans, galacto-oligosaccharides, inulin, and oligofructose, promote a range of beneficial bacteria and suppress potentially detrimental species. The preclinical evidence suggests that both the quantity and type of fat modulate both beneficial and potentially detrimental microbes, as well as the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio in the gut. Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that the type and amount of proteins in the diet has substantial and differential effects on the gut microbiota. Further clinical investigation of the effect of micronutrients and macronutrients on the microbiome and metabolome is warranted, along with understanding how this influences host health.
Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. The brain⁻gut axis functions are disturbed, revealed by a dysfunction of the brain, immune system, ...endocrine system, and gut. Traditional depression treatments all target the brain, with different drugs and/or psychotherapy. Unfortunately, most of the patients have never received any treatment. Studies indicate that gut microbiota could be a direct cause for the disorder. Abnormal microbiota and the microbiota⁻gut⁻brain dysfunction may cause mental disorders, while correcting these disturbance could alleviate depression. Nowadays, the gut microbiota modulation has become a hot topic in treatment research of mental disorders. Depression is closely related with the health condition of the brain⁻gut axis, and maintaining/restoring the normal condition of gut microbiota helps in the prevention/therapy of mental disorders.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Derivatives based on anthryleno1,2‐bpyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile (DCPA) are used as luminescent materials, to realize near‐infrared (NIR) electroluminescence. By functionalizing DCPA with aromatic ...amine donors, two emitters named DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA are designed and synthesized. Both molecules have large dipole moments owing to the strong intramolecular charge transfer interactions between the amine donors and the DCPA acceptor. Thus, compared with doped films, the emission of neat films of DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA can fully fall into the NIR region (>700 nm) with increasing surrounding polarity by increasing doping ratio. Moreover, the non‐doped devices based on DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA provide NIR emission with peaks at 838 and 916 nm, respectively. A maximum radiance of 20707 mW Sr−1 m−2 was realized for the further optimized device based on DCPA‐TPA. This work provides a simple and efficient strategy of molecular design for developing NIR emitting materials.
Highly luminescent anthracene is incorporated in designing near‐infrared (NIR) molecules. Flanked with donor and acceptor units, the emitters, named DCPA‐TPA and DCPA‐BBPA with strong dipole moment, were constructed to realize NIR electroluminescence. Their non‐doped devices can achieve high radiance and efficiency with nearly all the emission in the NIR region (>700 nm).
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Stable ferroelectricity with high transition temperature in nanostructures is needed for miniaturizing ferroelectric devices. Here, we report the discovery of the stable in-plane spontaneous ...polarization in atomic-thick tin telluride (SnTe), down to a 1–unit cell (UC) limit. The ferroelectric transition temperature Tc of 1-UC SnTe film is greatly enhanced from the bulk value of 98 kelvin and reaches as high as 270 kelvin. Moreover, 2- to 4-UC SnTe films show robust ferroelectricity at room temperature. The interplay between semiconducting properties and ferroelectricity in this two-dimensional material may enable a wide range of applications in nonvolatile high-density memories, nanosensors, and electronics.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hybrid electrocatalysts with excellent electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen reduction are fabricated using an efficient and facile electrochemical route. The electronic and synergistic effects ...between Co(OH)2 and polyaniline (PANI) in the composite structure are the key factors that generate the high electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability. A highly efficient, non‐precious metal‐based flexible electrocatalyst for high‐performance electrocatalysts is shown, which reveals a novel route for the design and synthesis of electrocatalysts.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Mental disorders and neurological diseases are becoming a rapidly increasing medical burden. Although extensive studies have been conducted, the progress in developing effective therapies for these ...diseases has still been slow. The current dilemma reminds us that the human being is a superorganism. Only when we take the human self and its partner microbiota into consideration at the same time, can we better understand these diseases. Over the last few centuries, the partner microbiota has experienced tremendous change, much more than human genes, because of the modern transformations in diet, lifestyle, medical care, and so on, parallel to the modern epidemiological transition. Existing research indicates that gut microbiota plays an important role in this transition. According to gut-brain psychology, the gut microbiota is a crucial part of the gut-brain network, and it communicates with the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota almost develops synchronously with the gut-brain, brain, and mind. The gut microbiota influences various normal mental processes and mental phenomena, and is involved in the pathophysiology of numerous mental and neurological diseases. Targeting the microbiota in therapy for these diseases is a promising approach that is supported by three theories: the gut microbiota hypothesis, the "old friend" hypothesis, and the leaky gut theory. The effects of gut microbiota on the brain and behavior are fulfilled by the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which is mainly composed of the nervous pathway, endocrine pathway, and immune pathway. Undoubtedly, gut-brain psychology will bring great enhancement to psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Various microbiota-improving methods including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, a healthy diet, and healthy lifestyle have shown the capability to promote the function of the gut-brain, microbiota-gut-brain axis, and brain. It will be possible to harness the gut microbiota to improve brain and mental health and prevent and treat related diseases in the future.
A sufficiently large supercurrent can close the energy gap in a superconductor and create gapless quasiparticles through the Doppler shift of quasiparticle energy caused by finite Cooper pair ...momentum. In this gapless superconducting state, zero-energy quasiparticles reside on a segment of the normal-state Fermi surface, whereas the remaining Fermi surface is still gapped. We use quasiparticle interference to image the field-controlled Fermi surface of bismuth telluride (Bi
Te
) thin films under proximity effect from the superconductor niobium diselenide (NbSe
). A small applied in-plane magnetic field induces a screening supercurrent, which leads to finite-momentum pairing on the topological surface states of Bi
Te
. We identify distinct interference patterns that indicate a gapless superconducting state with a segmented Fermi surface. Our results reveal the strong impact of finite Cooper pair momentum on the quasiparticle spectrum.
Display omitted
Ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases and ischemic stroke, are the leading cause of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy is a wide-ranging approach to fighting ischemic ...diseases. However, compared with anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors, less attention has been paid to therapeutic angiogenesis. Recently, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has garnered increasing interest for its definite curative effect and low toxicity. A growing number of studies have reported that TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds from herbal medicines exert pro-angiogenic activity, which has been confirmed in a few clinical trials. For comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, global and local databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched using keywords such as “angiogenesis,” “neovascularization,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “formula,” “extract,” and “compound.” Articles were chosen that are closely and directly related to pro-angiogenesis. This review summarizes the pro-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of TCM formulas, extracts, and compounds; it delivers an in-depth understanding of the relationship between TCM and pro-angiogenesis and will provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Low cost, high activity, and long-term durability are the main requirements for commercializing fuel cell electrocatalysts. Despite tremendous efforts, developing non-Pt anode electrocatalysts with ...high activity and long-term durability at low cost remains a significant technical challenge. Here we report a new type of hybrid Pd/PANI/Pd sandwich-structured nanotube array (SNTA) to exploit shape effects and synergistic effects of Pd-PANI composites for the oxidation of small organic molecules for direct alcohol fuel cells. These synthesized Pd/PANI/Pd SNTAs exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and durability compared with Pd NTAs and commercial Pd/C catalysts. The unique SNTAs provide fast transport and short diffusion paths for electroactive species and high utilization rate of catalysts. Besides the merits of nanotube arrays, the improved electrocatalytic activity and durability are especially attributed to the special Pd/PANI/Pd sandwich-like nanostructures, which results in electron delocalization between Pd d orbitals and PANI π-conjugated ligands and in electron transfer from Pd to PANI.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Cellulose paper (CP)‐based asymmetrical thin film supercapacitors (ATFSCs) have been considered to be a novel platform for inexpensive and portable devices as the CP is low‐cost, lightweight, and can ...be rolled or folded into 3D configurations. However, the low energy density and poor cycle stability are serious bottlenecks for the development of CP‐based ATFSCs. Here, sandwich‐structured graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP is developed as positive electrode and the graphite/Ni/AC‐CP as negative electrode for flexible and high‐performance ATFSCs. The fabricated graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP positive electrode shows a superior areal capacitance (734 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s) and excellent cycling performance with ≈97.6% Csp retention after 15 000 cycles. The fabricated graphite/Ni/AC‐CP negative electrode also exhibits large areal capacitance (180 mF/cm2 at 5 mV/s) and excellent cycling performance with ≈98% Csp retention after 15 000 cycles. The assembled ATFSCs based on the sandwich‐structured graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP as positive electrode and graphite/Ni/AC‐CP as negative electrode exhibit large volumetric Csp (7.6 F/cm3 at 5 mV/s), high volumetric energy density (2.48 mWh/cm3, 80 Wh/kg), high volumetric power density (0.79 W/cm3, 25.6 kW/kg) and excellent cycle stability (less 4% Csp loss after 20 000 cycles). This study shows an important breakthrough in the design and fabrication of high‐performance and flexible CP‐based electrodes and ATFSCs.
Cellulose paper (CP)‐based asymmetrical thin film supercapacitors are assembed by using sandwich‐structured graphite/Ni/Co2NiO4‐CP as positive electrode and graphite/Ni/AC‐CP as negative electrode. The assembed devices exhibit large Csp (7.6 F/cm3 at 5 mV/s), high volumetric energy density (2.48 mWh/cm3, 80 Wh/kg), high volumetric power density (0.79 W/cm3, 25.6 kW/kg), and excellent cycle stability (less 4% Csp loss after 20 000 cycles).
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
