An elastic and safe electrolyte is demanded for flexible batteries. Herein, a stretchable solid electrolyte comprised of crosslinked elastic polymer matrix, poly(vinylidene ...fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), and flameproof triethyl phosphate (TEP) is fabricated, which exhibits ultrahigh elongation of 450%, nonflammability and ionic conductivity above 1 mS cm−1. In addition, in order to improve the interface compatibility between the electrolyte and Li anode and stabilize the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI), a protecting layer containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is designed to effectively prevent the anode from reacting with TEP and optimize the chemical composition in SEI, leading to a tougher and more stable SEI on the anode. The LiFePO4/Li cells employing this double‐layer electrolyte exhibit an 85.0% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, a flexible battery based on this solid electrolyte is fabricated, which can work in stretched, folded, and twisted conditions. This design of a stretchable double‐layer solid electrolyte provides a new concept for safe and flexible solid‐state batteries.
A stretchable polymer electrolyte is fabricated based on resilient copolymer and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) with ultrahigh elasticity, nonflammability, and good ionic conductivity. A protective layer containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is designed to protect the electrolyte against the anode and stabilize the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cycling. A flexible solid‐state battery is prepared using this double‐layer electrolyte, which can light a light emitting diode (LED) bulb under different deformed conditions.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbon nano sol (CNS) can markedly affect the plant growth and development. However, few systematic analyses have been conducted on the underlying regulatory mechanisms in plants, including tobacco ...(Nicotiana tabacum L.).
Integrated analyses of phenome, ionome, transcriptome, and metabolome were performed in this study to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the CNS-promoting growth of tobacco plants. We found that 0.3% CNS, facilitating the shoot and root growth of tobacco plants, significantly increased shoot potassium concentrations. Antioxidant, metabolite, and phytohormone profiles showed that 0.3% CNS obviously reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant enzyme activity and auxin accumulation. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that the GO and KEGG terms involving responses to oxidative stress, DNA binding, and photosynthesis were highly enriched in response to exogenous CNS application. Differential expression profiling showed that NtNPF7.3/NtNRT1.5, potentially involved in potassium/auxin transport, was significantly upregulated under the 0.3% CNS treatment. High-resolution metabolic fingerprints showed that 141 and 163 metabolites, some of which were proposed as growth regulators, were differentially accumulated in the roots and shoots under the 0.3% CNS treatment, respectively.
Taken together, this study revealed the physiological and molecular mechanism underlying CNS-mediated growth promotion in tobacco plants, and these findings provide potential support for improving plant growth through the use of CNS.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Soil bacterial communities are intricately linked to ecosystem functioning, and understanding how communities assemble in response to environmental change is ecologically significant. Little is known ...about the assembly processes of bacteria communities across agro-ecosystems, particularly with regard to their environmental adaptation. To gain further insights into the microbial community characteristics of agro-ecosystems soil in the Panxi area of Sichuan Province and explore the key environmental factors driving the assembly process of the microbial community, this study conducted field sampling in major farmland areas of Panxi area and used Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to conduct bacterial sequencing. Soil organic matter (SOM), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK) and other environmental factors were determined. The membership function method and principal component analysis method were used to evaluate the fertility of the soil. The results revealed minimal differences in alpha diversity index among samples with different comprehensive fertility indices, while NMDS analysis showed that community differences between species were mainly reflected in high fertility and low fertility (R: 0.068, p: 0.011). Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main types of microbial communities, accounting for more than 60% of the relative abundance. Proteobacteria accounted for a higher proportion in the high fertility samples, while Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria accounted for a higher proportion in the middle and low fertility samples. Both the neutral theoretical model and zero model analysis showed that the microbial communities in tobacco-planting soil with different comprehensive fertility indices presented a random assembly process. With the increase in environmental distance difference, the diversity of the microbial community in medium and low-fertility soil also increased, but there was no significant change in high-fertility soil. Redundancy analysis showed that pH and SOM were the key factors affecting microbial community composition. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the study of environmental factors and microbial communities in tobacco-growing soil.
Understanding the response of microbial communities and their potential functions is essential for sustainability of agroecosystems under long-term continuous cropping. However, limited research has ...focused on investigating the interaction between soil physicochemical factors and microbial community dynamics in agroecosystems under long-term continuous cropping. This study probed into the physicochemical properties, metabolites, and microbial diversity of tobacco rhizosphere soils cropped continuously for 0, 5, and 20 years. The relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with nutrient cycling (e.g.,
) increased while potential plant pathogenic fungi and beneficial microorganisms showed synergistic increases with the duration of continuous cropping. Variations in soil pH, alkeline nitrogen (AN) content, and soil organic carbon (SOC) content drove the shifts in soil microbial composition. Metabolites such as palmitic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, stearic acid, and hippuric acid may play a key role in soil acidification. Those results enhance our ability to predict shifts in soil microbial community structure associated with anthropogenic continuous cropping, which can have long-term implications for crop production.
Carbon nanosol (CNS) is a carbon-based nanomaterial that promotes plant growth; however, its functional mechanisms and effects on the microbiome are not fully understood. Here, we explored the ...effects of CNS on the relationship between the soil, endophytic microbiomes and plant productivity. CNS treatment increased the fresh biomass of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants by 27.4% ± 9.9%. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the CNS treatment significantly affected the composition and diversity of the microbial communities in multiple ecological niches associated with tobacco, especially the bulk soil and stem endophytic microbiome. Furthermore, the application of CNS resulted in enhanced network connectivity and stability of the microbial communities in different niches, particularly in the soil, implying a strengthening of certain microbial interactions. Certain potentially growth-promoting root endophytic bacteria were more abundant under the CNS treatment. In addition, CNS increased the abundance of some endophytic microbial functional genes known to enhance plant growth, such as those associated with nutrient metabolism and the plant hormone biosynthesis pathways. We isolated two bacterial strains (Sphingopyxis sp. and Novosphingobium sp.) that were enriched under CNS treatment, and they were confirmed to promote tobacco plant growth in vitro. These results suggested that CNS might, at least in part, promote plant growth by enriching beneficial bacteria in the microbiome.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The lack of irrigation water in agricultural soils poses a significant constraint on global crop production. In-depth investigation into microRNAs (miRNAs) has been widely used to achieve a ...comprehensive understanding of plant defense mechanisms. However, there is limited knowledge on the association of miRNAs with drought tolerance in cigar tobacco. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was carried out to identify changes in plant physiological characteristics, miRNA expression and metabolite profile under drought stress, and examine the mitigating effects of selenium (Se) application. The shoot dry weight of drought-stressed plants was approximately half (50.3%) of that in non-stressed (control) conditions. However, plants supplied with Se attained 38.8% greater shoot dry weight as compared to plants with no Se supply under drought stress. Thirteen miRNAs were identified to be associated with drought tolerance. These included 7 known (such as nta-miR156b and nta-miR166a) and 6 novel miRNAs (such as novel-nta-miR156-5p and novel-nta-miR209-5p) with the target genes of
squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 4
(
SPL4
),
serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A
(
PPP2A
),
cation/calcium exchanger 4-like
(
CCX4
),
extensin-1-like
(
EXT1
) and
reduced wall acetylation 2
(
RWA2
). Further investigation revealed that the expression levels of
Ext1
and
RWA2
were significantly decreased under drought stress but increased with Se addition. Moreover, key metabolites such as catechin and N-acetylneuraminic acid were identified, which may play a role in the regulation of drought tolerance. The integrated analysis of miRNA sequencing and metabolome highlighted the significance of the novel-nta-miR97-5p-
LRR-RLK
- catechin pathway in regulating drought tolerance. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance and Se-induced stress alleviation in cigar tobacco.
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been reported to boost plant growth, while the mechanism that CNPs enhanced potassium uptake for plant growth has not been reported so far.
In this study, the ...function that CNPs promoted potassium uptake in BY-2 cells was established and the potassium accumulated in cells had a significant correlation with the fresh biomass of BY-2 cells. The K
accumulation in cells increased with the increasing concentration of CNPs. The K
influx reached high level after treatment with CNPs and was significantly higher than that of the control group and the negative group treated with K
channels blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA
). The K
accumulation was not reduced in the presence of CNPs inhibitors. In the presence of potassium channel blocker TEA
or CNPs inhibitors, the NKT1 gene expression was changed compared with the control group. The CNPs were found to preferentially transport K
than other cations determined by rectification of ion current assay (RIC) in a conical nanocapillary.
These results indicated that CNPs upregulated potassium gene expression to enhance K
accumulation in BY-2 cells. Moreover, it was speculated that the CNPs simulated protein of ion channels via bulk of carboxyl for K
permeating. These findings will provide support for improving plant growth by carbon nanoparticles.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Potassium (K+) is mainly absorbed by plants from the soil and is primarily transported within the plant through the xylem. Topping has been reported to cause efflux and loss of K+ in plants; however, ...its effect on the real-time flow rate and genotypes with varying K+ accumulation ability is still unknown. Therefore, we carried out a pot experiment containing sand culture using two tobacco cultivars EY1 (high K+ accumulating) and Y87 (low K+ accumulating). The results demonstrated the change of K+ flow direction from influx to efflux in the roots of both cultivars due to topping. The percentage ratio of K+ efflux to influx was estimated to be 18.8% in EY-1 and 157.0% in Y87, respectively. We noticed a decline in indole acetic acid (IAA) content due to topping, which activated the expression of K+ efflux channel gene NTORK1 and inhibited the expression of K+ influx channel genes NKT1 and NtKC1. Furthermore, K+ loss from the roots increased due to topping, which led to decreased K+ concentration in entire tobacco plant. Topping had a more serious impact on the K+ efflux rate and K+ loss in Y87. IAA application after topping, in turn, decreased the K+ loss in both the cultivars. We conclude that topping caused a decrease in IAA concentration and K+ losses in tobacco leaves, and these losses can be mitigated by the exogenous application of IAA.
It is still a big challenge to simultaneously enhance the ionic conductivity, dendrite suppression capability, and interfacial compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes. In this work, a novel ...Li7P2.88Nb0.12S10.7O0.3 solid electrolyte is prepared via Nb and O cosubstitution of glass-ceramic Li7P3S11. This sulfide-based electrolyte possesses a high ionic conductivity (3.59 mS cm–1) at 298 K, improved critical current density (1.16 mA cm–2), and excellent interfacial compatibility between the sulfide electrolyte and Li2S active material. The improved electrochemical stability of the sulfide solid electrolyte against metallic lithium is attributed to the formation of Nb and Li2O at the interface, which can induce uniform Li deposition and prevent further side reaction. The all-solid-state Li/Li2S batteries based on this electrolyte exhibit remarkably enhanced cycling stability and rate performance.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
PDF
