•ES relationships on the TP predominate by synergy but some subregions are tradeoff.•ES relationships on the TP are mainly influenced by precipitation.•Human activity is a driving factor that cannot ...be ignored in ES relationships in subregions.
Ecosystem services (ESs) are the cornerstone of human well-being. On the Tibetan Plateau and in its subregions, understanding the effects of the spatiotemporal continuity in the trade-offs/synergies of ESs, and identifying their drivers, is crucial for ecosystem conservation and sustainable development. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of four ESs (WY, water yield; SR, soil retention; HQ, habitat quality; CS, carbon sequestration) on the Tibetan Plateau, in 2000–2020. We introduced a new indicator (RESI, Index of the relationships between ESs) to measure the trade-offs/synergies among ESs and their magnitudes, and used GeoDetector to analyze the drivers of ESs and their relationships. The following results were obtained: (1) The four ESs exhibited similar geographical characteristics, being higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. The spatiotemporal variation of WY and SR was similar to the precipitation trend. WY, SR and CS increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the region by 10.60%, 14.59% and 29.29%, respectively, while HQ remained stable across 79.41% of the area. (2) Most ES relationships on the Tibetan Plateau were found to be synergistic, except for WY_HQ, where trade-offs were observed, with trade-offs and synergistic areas accounting for 49% and 48%, respectively. (3) The climate was found to be a key driver of ESs and their relationships on the Tibetan Plateau. However, apart from climate, human activity was found to be dominant along the middle reaches of the Brahmaputra, while vegetation and topography dominated in Naqu on the Qiangtang Plateau and Southeast Tibet, respectively. This study uncovers disparities in the impacts of natural and human activity factors on ES relationships, providing valuable insights for decision-makers to maximize the benefits of ESs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lysosomes have fundamental physiological roles and have previously been implicated in Parkinson's disease
. However, how extracellular growth factors communicate with intracellular organelles to ...control lysosomal function is not well understood. Here we report a lysosomal K
channel complex that is activated by growth factors and gated by protein kinase B (AKT) that we term lysoK
. LysoK
consists of a pore-forming protein TMEM175 and AKT: TMEM175 is opened by conformational changes in, but not the catalytic activity of, AKT. The minor allele at rs34311866, a common variant in TMEM175, is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and reduces channel currents. Reduction in lysoK
function predisposes neurons to stress-induced damage and accelerates the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein. By contrast, the minor allele at rs3488217-another common variant of TMEM175, which is associated with a decreased risk of developing Parkinson's disease-produces a gain-of-function in lysoK
during cell starvation, and enables neuronal resistance to damage. Deficiency in TMEM175 leads to a loss of dopaminergic neurons and impairment in motor function in mice, and a TMEM175 loss-of-function variant is nominally associated with accelerated rates of cognitive and motor decline in humans with Parkinson's disease. Together, our studies uncover a pathway by which extracellular growth factors regulate intracellular organelle function, and establish a targetable mechanism by which common variants of TMEM175 confer risk for Parkinson's disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
This paper develops a novel guaranteed cost control (GCC) approach under the event-triggered mechanism for completely unknown systems using integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm. First, ...based on the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method, the GCC problem is addressed by transforming it into the optimal control problem. Second, without using the accurate information of system dynamics, a model-free data-based GCC approach is designed via IRL algorithm. Moreover, for the purpose of reducing the waste of communication resources, a GCC algorithm is presented under the event-triggered mechanism for completely unknown system by utilizing the explorized IRL algorithm. The critic–actor–disturbance neural networks (NNs) are applied to approximate near optimal solution. In addition, the weight estimations of NNs are tuned synchronously according to the designed novel triggering condition. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the controlled system is given by utilizing the Lyapunov principle. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify the feasibility of the designed approach.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Supervoxels have been widely used as a preprocessing step to exploit object boundaries to improve the performance of video processing tasks. However, most of the traditional supervoxel algorithms do ...not perform well in regions with complex textures or weak boundaries. These methods may generate supervoxels with overlapping boundaries. In this paper, we present the novel video supervoxel generation algorithm using partially absorbing random walks to get more accurate supervoxels in these regions. Our spatial-temporal framework is introduced by making full use of the appearance and motion cues, which effectively exploits the temporal consistency in video sequence. Moreover, we build a novel Laplacian optimization structure using two adjacent frames to make our approach more efficient. Experimental results demonstrated that our method achieved better performance than the state-of-the-art supervoxel algorithms.
China has emerged as a prominent global player in the field of railways, with numerous railway construction projects spanning across diverse locations. Railway bridges, as a crucial component of ...railway construction, warrant significant attention. Meta-analysis, a statistical method that systematically synthesizes research findings, has been utilized to summarize and compare the results of safety risk management studies pertaining to railway bridge construction in China. By integrating social network analysis and evidence-based assessment of the literature, this study explores the interrelationships among risk factors. Within a specific railway bridge construction project, various safety risk factors may originate from common sources, including environmental factors, material and equipment factors, technical factors, management factors, personnel factors, and bridge-specific factors. Notably, there exists coupling among these security risk factors, whereby the presence or occurrence of one factor can influence the probability or severity of consequences associated with other factors. The results reveal that safety risk factors in railway bridge construction accumulate and propagate, thereby impacting the efficacy of safety risk management. Moreover, these factors are significantly influenced by the complexities inherent in the geo-meteorological and social-technical systems. This finding provides valuable insights for innovations in security risk management practices and offers suggestions for future innovation pathways.
The injudicious and excessive use of synthetic pesticides has deleterious effects on humans, ecosystems, and biodiversity. As an alternative to traditional crop-protection methods, botanical ...pesticides are gaining importance. In this research endeavor, we examined the contact toxicity, knockdown time, lethal time, and toxicity horizontal transmission of three natural pesticides from plants (azadirachtin, celangulin, and veratramine) on red imported fire ants (RIFA;
). Our research findings indicated that azadirachtin and celangulin exhibited relatively high toxicity, with median lethal dose (LD
) values of 0.200 and 0.046 ng/ant, respectively, whereas veratramine exhibited an LD
value of 544.610 ng/ant for large workers of
at 24 h post-treatment. Upon treatment with 0.125 mg/L, the (median lethal time) LT
values of azadirachtin and celangulin were determined to be 60.410 and 9.905 h, respectively. For veratramine, an LT
value of 46.967 h was achieved after being tested with 200 mg/L. Remarkably, azadirachtin and celangulin were found to exhibit high horizontal transfer among RIFA, with high secondary mortality (100%) and tertiary mortalities (>61%) after 48 h of treatment with 250 mg/L, as well as with their dust formulations for 72 h. However, veratramine did not exhibit significant toxicity or horizontal transfer effects on RIFA, even at high concentrations. These findings suggest that azadirachtin and celangulin are likely to have a highly prominent potential in the management of
.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Melamine sponges were simply modified by lignin and Fe3O4 at ambient temperature.•Sponges were hydrophobic, compressible, flame-retardant, and magnetic responsive.•The continuous ...oil/water separation was achieved by using a constant-flow pump.
A highly hydrophobic melamine sponge with outstanding magnetic response and fire resistance has been fabricated by a simple two-step method including spontaneous deposit of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the sponge and dip coating of lignin. The obtained sponge, combining excellent self-cleaning, compressibility with high porosity, can be magnetically driven to absorb the oils from polluted water. The oil-absorbed sponges can also release the oil by squeezing method. Moreover, the oil can be collected uninterruptedly through the hydrophobic sponges with the assistance of constant-flow pumps.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The structural control-based manipulation of the anisotropic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of gold nanorod (AuNR) is significant and has wide application value in many fields. In this ...work, the quantitative studies of the ends-selective oxidations of AuNR and silica-coated AuNR using chloroauric acid as a oxidant were carried out. Results show that when the selective oxidation extent of AuNR was denoted by the aspect ratio changing rate, a linear relationship was displayed between this rate and the added amount of the oxidant, which suggested the Au(III)-induced selective oxidation of the nanoscaled Au(0) also proceeded stoichiometrically. In addition, different structural evolutions of silica coating layer that were determined to be caused by the different stabilities of the silica structure and described as the shape-adaptive change and the rigid state were found upon proceeding of oxidation. The study also showed that the structural change of the silica coating layer only had little influences on the mesopore size and its distribution state. These results should be valuable in better understanding the surface chemistry of AuNR and benefit the SPR variation-based and the silica coating-involved applications of AuNR.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, the leader-following control of heterogeneous discrete-time multi-agent systems (HD_MASs) in the presence of system uncertainties under directed topology is addressed. It aims to ...achieve reference tracking, disturbance rejection and robust control while the references and disturbances are generated by an autonomous exosystem. In practice, these agents are often different types of devices, thus they have different internal dynamics. Moreover, it is difficult to measure all states of each aircraft due to high cost or technical limitation. In this case, a novel leader-following output consensus problem is formulated and solved in this paper. Firstly, an appropriate linear transformation is proposed to divide the state information of each agent into measurable and unmeasurable parts. Then the reduced-order observer is designed only for unmeasurable parts. Based on the designed observer, the distributed feedback controller is proposed such that the outputs of all followers reach the same trajectory with the leader. In light of the internal model principle and discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation, the robust leader-following consensus of HD_MASs is achieved. Furthermore, this paper extends the results to continuous-time multi-agent systems. Finally, several simulation experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Against the backdrop of rapid social economy and scientific and technological development, intelligent medical technology expanded based on the Internet plays a crucial role in the innovation and ...development of the modern medical industry. Intelligent medical technology has completely changed the fixed medical methods of the past, and it can solve the isolated defects between various unit systems, greatly improving the overall informatization level of hospitals. This article analyzed the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome (NDS) in intelligent medicine. Dyspepsia can cause palpitations, vomiting, abdominal distension, dizziness, and other symptoms so that it can cause discomfort and pain in the middle or around the epigastric region. Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct diagnosis of neurodyspepsia in order to reduce the discomfort of patients. Intelligent medical technology is of great significance in improving patients’ symptoms. This study sets up a control group and an experimental group for the experiment. The control group used conventional medication technology, while the experimental group used intelligent medical technology to analyze the patient samples taken. By comparing the factors that affect patients with NDS, it was found that the physical function score of the experimental group was 6.3% lower than that of the control group. Intelligent medical technology has high diagnostic efficiency and can achieve rapid diagnosis of NDS, meeting the clinical diagnosis and prevention requirements of NDS.
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