Although a commonly applied measure across the United States and Europe for alleviating the negative impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle, low impact development (LID) has not been ...widely used in highly urbanized areas, especially in rapidly urbanizing cities in developing countries like China. In this paper, given five LID practices including Bio-Retention, Infiltration Trench, Porous Pavement, Rain Barrels, and Green Swale, an analysis on LID for highly urbanized areas' waterlogging control is demonstrated using the example of Caohejing in Shanghai, China. Design storm events and storm water management models are employed to simulate the total waterlogging volume reduction, peak flow rate reduction and runoff coefficient reduction of different scenarios. Cost-effectiveness is calculated for the five practices. The aftermath shows that LID practices can have significant effects on storm water management in a highly urbanized area, and the comparative results reveal that Rain Barrels and Infiltration Trench are the two most suitable cost-effective measures for the study area.
Although low impact development (LID) has been commonly applied across the developed countries for mitigating the negative impacts of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) on urban hydrological ...environment, it has not been widely used in developing countries yet. In this paper, a typical combined sewer system in an urbanized area of Shanghai, China was used to demonstrate how to design and choose CSO control solutions with LID using stormwater management model. We constructed and simulated three types of CSO control scenarios. Our findings support the notion that LID measures possess favorable capability on CSO reduction. Nevertheless, the green scenarios which are completely comprised by LID measures fail to achieve the maximal effectiveness on CSO reduction, while the gray-green scenarios (LID measure combined with gray measures) achieve it. The unit cost-effectiveness of each type of scenario sorts as: green scenario > gray-green scenario > gray scenario. Actually, as the storage tank is built in the case catchment, a complete application of green scenario is inaccessible here. Through comprehensive evaluation and comparison, the gray-green scenario F which used the combination of storage tank, bio-retention and rain barrels is considered as the most feasible one in this case.
An anisotropic double exchange interaction driven giant transport anisotropy is demonstrated in a canonic double exchange system of La
Sr
MnO
ultrathin films epitaxially grown on NdGaO
(110) ...substrates. The oxygen octahedral coupling at the La
Sr
MnO
/NdGaO
interface induces a planar anisotropic Mn-O-Mn bond bending, which causes a significant anisotropic overlap of neighboring Mn orbitals. Due to the anisotropic double exchange interaction, it is found that the conductivity of the La
Sr
MnO
film is enhanced when current is applied along the in-plane short crystalline axis. However, the anisotropic behavior is absent in the high temperature paramagnetic phase. Our results demonstrate anisotropic transport in the clean limit where phase separation is absent and the role of anisotropic phase percolation can be excluded.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether nutritional risk is associated with poor outcomes independent of complicated clinical status in older patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN: Cohort study. ...SETTING: Patients referred for coronary angiography in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China. PARTICIPANTS: 1772 patients with angiographic documented CAD whose age was above 65 years. MEASUREMENTS: Nutritional state was appraised using geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Nutritional risk was defined as the GNRI below 98. The event rate of all-cause death was observed among patients with nutritional risk and those without. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 27 months, 224 patients died. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that nutritional risk was associated with all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.35–2.95; P=0.001). Subgroup analysis verified the association between nutritional risk and death among patients with distinct clinical features, comorbidities, and medication. There was no interaction between nutritional risk and clinical characteristics with regard to all-cause death. CONCLUSION: Nutritional state is independently associated with the risk of all-cause death in geriatric patients with CAD. Whether nutritional support in appropriate patients improves clinical outcomes deserves further investigation.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains is closely related to their head shape. As each train set has its own modelling system, the aerodynamic shape design of head type of a high-speed ...train must follow a pedigree modelling approach. The train pedigree characteristics directly reflect its aerodynamic performance. The focus of this study is the extraction and application of the Shinkansen train pedigree features. First, large-scale differences in train head shapes are eliminated by dimensionless elimination. Second, the Shinkansen model pedigree features are extracted using similarity calculations. Finally, based on the constraint range of pedigree features on the new model shape, the concept head shape is designed with reference to the shape and surface parameters of high-speed trains, and its aerodynamic performance is verified. The results of the aerodynamic verification indicate that the concept design reduces the drag by more than 10% compared to the E2 Series base model. Additionally, the results demonstrate that the extraction and design application of train pedigree features can help a new train to develop its aerodynamic shape within its own pedigree modelling system, thus enabling the synergistic design of train shape and aerodynamic performance.
To investigate the expression and significance of insulinoma associated protein 1 (INSM1) and SRY-related high-mobility group box 11 (SOX11) in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) and solid ...pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN).
To detect the expression of INSM1, SOX11, Syn, CgA, CD56, β-catenin, and CD99 in 56 cases of PNET, 42 cases of SPN, 16 cases of ductal adenocarcinoma (DACC) and 8 cases of acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) by immunohistochemistry. The application value of combination of INSM1 and SOX11 was compared with conventional markers (Syn, CgA, CD56, β-catenin, and CD99) in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PNET and SPN.
(1) In the 56 cases of PNET, the positive signals of INSM1 were located in the tumor and islet nucleus, the positive expression rate in the tumor tissues was 91.07% (51/56), whereas the signal was absent in 42 cases of SPN, 16 cases of DACC and 8 cases of ACC, and there were significant statistical difference between PNET with SPN, DACC, and ACC respectively (
< 0.001). (2) The pos
•High-iron Fe-metalloid (B, C, and P) amorphous alloys are fabricated.•Completely amorphous structure only formed in an alloy composition of Fe85B9C2P4.•The high difference Ep value makes the α-Fe ...phase abnormally stable.•The x = 2 alloy annealed at 698 K for 10–20 min exhibits optimum magnetic properties.
High-Fe Fe-metalloid alloys with the nominal composition of Fe85B11–xCxP4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4) were fabricated through the melt-spun technique. Then, the effects of C content on the glass formation, crystallization behavior and magnetic properties of Fe–B–C–P alloys were investigated. Results showed that the completely amorphous structure only formed in an alloy composition of Fe85B9C2P4 (2 at.% C). Moreover, α-Fe phase appeared gradually when C was added continuously. The introduction of C can significantly improve the thermal stability and reduce the glass transition temperature Tg. The appropriate annealing temperature and annealing time can significantly increase the saturation magnetization (Ms) and reduce the coercivity (Hc). Fe85B9C2P4 amorphous alloy annealed at 698 K for 600–1200 s exhibits excellent soft magnetic properties, such as typical Ms of approximately 165–167 Am2/kg and Hc of approximately 5.0–5.1 A/m. Low cost of raw materials and good soft magnetic properties make this alloy a promising candidate for future application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. MicroRNAs play important roles in the progression of CRC. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-206 and ...its novel mechanism in the invasion and metastasis of CRC.
Methodology
Real-time RT-PCR or Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of miR-206, FMNL2 and c-MET in CRC cell lines and tissues. Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to detect the associations between miR-206 and 3′UTRs of FMNL2 and c-MET. A series of loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays were performed to evaluate the effect of miR-206 on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells.
Results
miR-206 was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and correlated closely with differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and serosal invasion. miR-206 suppressed CRC cell proliferation by arresting CRC cells in the G1/G0 phase and accelerating apoptosis. miR-206 also inhibited cell invasion and lung metastasis in CRC cells. Mechanically, FMNL2 and c-MET were identified as direct targets of miR-206. And FMNL2 rescued the suppression of miR-206 in the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells.
Conclusions
This study revealed functional and mechanistic links between miR-206 and oncogene FMNL2 and c-MET in the progression of CRC. miR-206 functioned as a tumor suppressor in the progression of CRC by targeting FMNL2 and c-MET. Restoration of miR-206 expression may represent a promising therapeutic approach for targeting malignant CRC.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Conjugate gradient methods are a class of important methods for unconstrained optimization, especially when the dimension is large. This paper proposes a new conjugacy condition, which considers an ...inexact line search scheme but reduces to the old one if the line search is exact. Based on the new conjugacy condition, two nonlinear conjugate gradient methods are constructed. Convergence analysis for the two methods is provided. Our numerical results show that one of the methods is very efficient for the given test problems.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this paper, we study the relationship of some projection-type methods for monotone nonlinear variational inequalities and investigate some improvements. If we refer to the Goldstein-Levitin-Polyak ...projection method as the explicit method, then the proximal point method is the corresponding implicit method. Consequently, the Korpelevich extragradient method can be viewed as a prediction-correction method, which uses the explicit method in the prediction step and the implicit method in the correction step. Based on the analysis in this paper, we propose a modified prediction-correction method by using better prediction and correction stepsizes. Preliminary numerical experiments indicate that the improvements are significant.
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