We present the improved constraints on couplings of solar axions and more generic bosonic dark matter particles using 737.1 kg days of data from the CDEX-1B experiment. The CDEX-1B experiment, ...located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory, primarily aims at the direct detection of weakly interacting massive particles using a p-type point-contact germanium detector. We adopt the profile likelihood ratio method for analysis of data in the presence of backgrounds. An energy threshold of 160 eV was achieved, much better than the 475 eV of CDEX-1A with an exposure of 335.6 kg days. This significantly improves the sensitivity for the bosonic dark matter below 0.8 keV among germanium detectors. Limits are also placed on the coupling gAe < 2.48 × 10−11 from Compton, bremsstrahlung, atomic-recombination, and deexcitation channels and geffAN × gAe < 4.14 × 10−17 from a 57Fe M1 transition at 90% confidence level.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Purpose: The translation of nanocarrier-based theranostics into cancer treatment is limited by their poor cellular uptake, low drug-loading capacity, uncontrolled drug release, and insufficient ...imaging ability. Methods: In this study, novel hybrid nanogels were fabricated as theranostic nanocarriers by modifying chitosan (CTS)/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (NPs) with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and further conjugating cysteine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Results: The resultant nanogels, referred to as CTS/TPP/PAA@AuNPs (CTPA), exhibited excellent colloidal stability and a high encapsulation rate of 87% for the cationic drug doxorubicin (DOX). In the tumour microenvironment, the acidic pH and over-expression of lysozyme triggered CTPA@DOX to degrade and emit smaller nanoblocks (30-40 nm), which sequentially released the drug in a tumour-responsive manner. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that CTPA facilitates the entry of DOX into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, as visualised through AuNP-mediated computed tomography (CT) imaging, CTPA@DOX enabled favourable accumulation in the tumour. Our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that CTPA enabled advanced tumour cell-targeting delivery of DOX, which showed greater anti-tumour activity and biosafety than free DOX. Conclusion: The natural polymer CTS was developed for degradable nanogels, which can precisely track drugs with high antitumour activity. Additionally, the surface adjustment strategy can be assembled to achieve cationic drug loading and high drug-loading capacity, controlled drug release, and sufficient imaging ability. Therefore, multifunctional CTPA enables efficient drug delivery and CT imaging, which is expected to provide a valuable strategy for designing advanced theranostic systems. Keywords: theranostic nanomaterial, degradability, computed tomography imaging, hybrid nanogel
A layered double hydroxides (LDH) film was formed on AA2099-T83 Al-Cu-Li alloy in a mixed solution containing 0.05 M Zn (NO3)2·6H2O and 0.3 M NH4NO3 at 75 °C. Field emission scanning electron ...microscope, ultramicrotomy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structure and corrosion properties of the alloy after different treatments. It was found that the LDH film preferred to form on coarse intermetallic particles; the thickness of the LDH film and its corrosion resistance initially increased with increasing preparation time (up to 12 h); micro-cracks then developed in the LDH film after 24 h formation, leading to deterioration of its corrosion resistance; loading vanadate ions significantly improved the long-term corrosion resistance of the LDH film. It is suggested that the LDH film is a promising substitute for anodizing treatment of Al-Cu-Li alloys.
•A LDH film up to 8 μm thickness was formed on AA2099 Al-Cu-Li alloy.•The LDH film preferentially formed on the surfaces of Al-Fe-Mn-Cu particles.•Loading vanadate anions greatly improved the corrosion resistance of the LDH film.•The LDH film is a promising substitute for anodizing treatment of Al-Cu-Li alloy.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Omentin-1 (also known as intelectin-1) is a recently identified visceral adipose tissue-derived cytokine that is inversely related to obesity. Our previous study showed that omentin-1 inhibits ...osteoblastic differentiation of calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of omentin-1 on arterial calcification and bone metabolism in vivo.
In vitro, omentin-1 stimulated production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and inhibited production of receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in both CVSMCs and osteoblasts. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated over-expression of omentin-1 attenuated arterial calcification and bone loss in OPG(-/-) mice. All these in vitro and in vivo actions were abrogated by blockade of the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Furthermore, omentin-1 reduced serum levels of RANKL, tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and osteocalcin, all of which are increased dramatically in OPG(-/-) mice.
These data suggest that omentin-1 ameliorates arterial calcification and bone loss in vivo through the regulation of the RANK signalling pathway.
► Three-dimensional shear strain patterns were evaluated during high-pressure torsion. ► Double-swirl patterns are visible on the top surfaces of discs in early stages of HPT. ► Double-swirls ...ultimately evolve into a single swirl with increasing revolutions. ► Microstructural evolution in HPT may deviate initially from rigid-body situation
The shear strain imposed on austenite/ferrite duplex stainless steel discs at different stages of high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing was imaged in plan-view and cross-section using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the shear strain was correlated to the hardness evolution of the discs. The shear-strain patterns are complex and are different on the top and bottom surfaces of the discs. A double-swirl pattern emerged on the top surface in the early stages of HPT. These two centres of the swirl moved towards the centre of the disc as the numbers of HPT revolutions was increased and ultimately the double-swirl evolved into a single-swirl. Less regular shear-strain patterns were observed on the bottom surfaces of the discs. Multiple ring-like patterns with mirror symmetry over the central axes of the discs were visible from cross-sectional observations. Nanoindentation testing on the two surfaces and a cross-section of HPT discs showed that the hardness is insensitive to specific shear-strain patterns, but is closely related to the widths of the austenite and ferrite phase domains. Late in the deformation process, the hardness in the interior of an HPT disc may be higher than at either of the disc surfaces because of the development of finer microstructural phase distributions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nuclear egress is an essential process in herpesvirus replication whereby nascent capsids translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This initial step of nuclear egress-budding at the inner ...nuclear membrane-is coordinated by the nuclear egress complex (NEC). Composed of the viral proteins UL31 and UL34, NEC deforms the membrane around the capsid as the latter buds into the perinuclear space. NEC oligomerization into a hexagonal membrane-bound lattice is essential for budding because NEC mutants designed to perturb lattice interfaces reduce its budding ability. Previously, we identified an NEC suppressor mutation capable of restoring budding to a mutant with a weakened hexagonal lattice. Using an established in-vitro budding assay and HSV-1 infected cell experiments, we show that the suppressor mutation can restore budding to a broad range of budding-deficient NEC mutants thereby acting as a universal suppressor. Cryogenic electron tomography of the suppressor NEC mutant lattice revealed a hexagonal lattice reminiscent of wild-type NEC lattice instead of an alternative lattice. Further investigation using x-ray crystallography showed that the suppressor mutation promoted the formation of new contacts between the NEC hexamers that, ostensibly, stabilized the hexagonal lattice. This stabilization strategy is powerful enough to override the otherwise deleterious effects of mutations that destabilize the NEC lattice by different mechanisms, resulting in a functional NEC hexagonal lattice and restoration of membrane budding.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Spatiotemporal variations of ozone (O3) and
nitrogen oxide (NOx) mixing ratios from 14 state-of-the-art
chemical transport models (CTMs) are intercompared and evaluated with
O3 observations in East ...Asia, within the framework of the Model
Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III). This study was designed to
evaluate the capabilities and uncertainties of current CTMs simulations for
Asia and to provide multi-model estimates of pollutant distributions. These
models were run by 14 independent groups working in China, Japan,
South Korea, the United States and other countries/regions. Compared with the
previous phase of MICS-Asia (MICS-Asia II), the evaluation with observations
was extended from 4 months to 1 full year across China and the western Pacific Rim. In general, model performance levels for O3 varied widely
by region and season. Most models captured the key patterns of monthly and
diurnal variation of surface O3 and its precursors in the North China Plain
and western Pacific Rim but failed to do so for the Pearl River Delta. A
significant overestimation of surface O3 was evident from
May to September/October and from January to May over the North China Plain,
the western Pacific Rim and the Pearl River Delta. Comparisons drawn from
observations show that the considerable diversity in O3 photochemical
production partly contributed to this overestimation and to high levels of
inter-model variability in O3 for North China. In terms of O3
soundings, the ensemble average of models reproduced the vertical structure
for the western Pacific, but overestimated O3 levels to below 800 hPa
in the summer. In the industrialized Pearl River Delta, the ensemble average
presented an overestimation for the lower troposphere and an underestimation
for the middle troposphere. The ensemble average of 13 models for O3 did not always exhibit superior performance compared with certain
individual models in contrast with its superior value for Europe. This finding
suggests that the spread of ensemble-model values does not represent all of the
uncertainties of O3 or that most MICS-Asia III models missed key
processes. This study improved the performance of modeling O3 in March
at Japanese sites compared with MICS-Asia II. However, it overpredicted surface
O3 concentrations for western Japan in July, which was not found by
MICS-Asia II. Major challenges still remain with regard to identifying the
sources of bias in surface O3 over East Asia in CTMs.
Adenoid hypertrophy is a pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids, which may cause snoring and apnea, as well as impede breathing during sleep. The lateral cephalogram is commonly used by dentists to ...screen for adenoid hypertrophy, but it is tedious and time-consuming to measure the ratio of adenoid width to nasopharyngeal width for adenoid assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a screening tool to automatically evaluate adenoid hypertrophy from lateral cephalograms using deep learning. We proposed the deep learning model VGG-Lite, using the largest data set (1,023 X-ray images) yet described to support the automatic detection of adenoid hypertrophy. We demonstrated that our model was able to automatically evaluate adenoid hypertrophy with a sensitivity of 0.898, a specificity of 0.882, positive predictive value of 0.880, negative predictive value of 0.900, and F1 score of 0.889. The comparison of model-only and expert-only detection performance showed that the fully automatic method (0.07 min) was about 522 times faster than the human expert (36.6 min). Comparison of human experts with or without deep learning assistance showed that model-assisted human experts spent an average of 23.3 min to evaluate adenoid hypertrophy using 100 radiographs, compared to an average of 36.6 min using an entirely manual procedure. We therefore concluded that deep learning could improve the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of evaluating adenoid hypertrophy from lateral cephalograms.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on the blade layers, a multi-criteria constrained optimum design model for wind turbine blades is developed and programmed. This model is pursued with respect to minimum blade mass to reduce ...the cost of wind turbine production. Because the spar caps are the main parts to endure the loads in modern wind turbines, the thickness and the location of the layers on spar caps are chosen as the optimization variables. During the process of design, a lot of criteria need be satisfied. The maximum blade tip deflection is one of the most important criteria in the blade design. However, to get it, at least 130 load cases need be computed in engineering design, so the process is very time consuming. To decrease the computation time, the load case which presents the maximum tip deflection in the initial design is selected and calculated by FAST software in this model. Besides, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which has better optimization capability and efficiency than the original PSO algorithm, is used to search the optimum solution. To build this model based on the blade layers, a key module used to link the FAST and the improved PSO algorithm is programmed and named PreLayers. At last, this optimization model is applied in an MW wind turbine design. The optimal results have also been tested by FOCUS5. The computed results show that this model is efficient and can be an optimal design tool in the engineering design.
► We programmed a complex constrained optimum design procedure based on layers. ► An improved PSO algorithm is used in the procedure with FAST. ► The computed results show that this procedure is efficient. ► We find that the layers near the root less affect the frequency and tip deflection. ► This procedure can be an optimal design tool in the engineering design.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is prevalent around the world and is associated with poor prognosis. OSCC is typically diagnosed from tissue biopsy sections by pathologists who rely on their ...empirical experience. Deep learning models may improve the accuracy and speed of image classification, thus reducing human error and workload. Here we developed a custom-made deep learning model to assist pathologists in detecting OSCC from histopathology images. We collected and analyzed a total of 2,025 images, among which 1,925 images were included in the training set and 100 images were included in the testing set. Our model was able to automatically evaluate these images and arrive at a diagnosis with a sensitivity of 0.98, specificity of 0.92, positive predictive value of 0.924, negative predictive value of 0.978, and F1 score of 0.951. Using a subset of 100 images, we examined whether our model could improve the diagnostic performance of junior and senior pathologists. We found that junior pathologists were able to delineate OSCC in these images 6.26 min faster when assisted by the model than when working alone. When the clinicians were assisted by the model, their average F1 score improved from 0.9221 to 0.9566 in the case of junior pathologists and from 0.9361 to 0.9463 in the case of senior pathologists. Our findings indicate that deep learning can improve the accuracy and speed of OSCC diagnosis from histopathology images.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
You have reached the maximum number of search results that are displayed.
For better performance, the search offers a maximum of 1,000 results per query (or 50 pages if the option 10/page is selected).
Consider using result filters or changing the sort order to explore your results further.
PDF
