This study classified the gait patterns of normal and stroke participants by using time- and frequency-domain features obtained from data provided by an inertial measurement unit sensor placed on the ...subject’s lower back (L5). Twenty-three participants were included and divided into two groups: healthy group (young and older adults) and stroke group. Time- and frequency-domain features from an accelerometer were extracted, and a feature selection method comprising statistical analysis and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculation was used to reduce the number of features. The features were then used to train four Support Vector Machine (SVM) kernels, and the results were subsequently compared. The quadratic SVM kernel had the highest accuracy (93.46%), as evaluated through cross-validation. Moreover, when different datasets were used on model testing, both the quadratic and cubic kernels showed the highest accuracy (96.55%). These results demonstrated the effectiveness of this study’s classification method in distinguishing between normal and stroke gait patterns, with only using a single sensor placed on the L5.
The circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding ssDNA (CRESS-DNA) viruses show high diversity and have a very wide range of hosts, including all three domains of cellular life. In the ...present study, a novel CRESS DNA virus, provisionally named "kirkovirus HNU-XX-2020" was discovered in a growing pig with watery diarrhea. The virus has a circular genome of 2961 nucleotides (nt) and three major putative open reading frames (ORFs), encoding a Rep protein (327 amino acids), a capsid protein (175 amino acids), and one protein (209 amino acids) of unknown function. The genome showed the highest sequence similarity (68.6% identity) to the genome of porcine circo-like virus 51 (JF713719), which was identified in pig faeces, and it showed very limited sequence similarity (less than 40% identity) to other virus genomes. Further phylogenetic analysis suggested that it could be a novel member in the proposed family "
Kirkoviridae
"
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of energy balance; however, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. By analyzing BDNF-expressing neurons in paraventricular hypothalamus ...(PVH), we have uncovered neural circuits that control energy balance. The Bdnf gene in the PVH was mostly expressed in previously undefined neurons, and its deletion caused hyperphagia, reduced locomotor activity, impaired thermogenesis, and severe obesity. Hyperphagia and reduced locomotor activity were associated with Bdnf deletion in anterior PVH, whereas BDNF neurons in medial and posterior PVH drive thermogenesis by projecting to spinal cord and forming polysynaptic connections to brown adipose tissues. Furthermore, BDNF expression in the PVH was increased in response to cold exposure, and its ablation caused atrophy of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Thus, BDNF neurons in anterior PVH control energy intake and locomotor activity, whereas those in medial and posterior PVH promote thermogenesis by releasing BDNF into spinal cord to boost sympathetic outflow.
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•The PVH is a key structure that produces BDNF to control energy balance•The majority of BDNF neurons in the PVH are distinct from previously defined ones•BDNF neurons in the anterior PVH inhibit feeding and stimulate locomotor activity•BDNF neurons in the medial and posterior PVH drive adaptive thermogenesis
Distinct subsets of BDNF-expressing neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) control different aspects of energy balance, with those in the anterior PVH suppressing food intake and promoting locomotor activity and those in the medial and posterior PVH driving adaptive thermogenesis through polysynaptic connections to brown adipose tissues.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Gentianales consist of Apocynaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae, of which the majority are woody plants in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite extensive efforts in ...reconstructing the phylogeny of Gentianales based on molecular data, some interfamily and intrafamily relationships remain uncertain. We reconstructed the genus-level phylogeny of Gentianales based on the supermatrix of eight plastid markers （rbcL, marK, atpB, ndhF rp116, rps16, the trnL-trnF region, and atpB-rbcL spacer） and one mitochondrial gene （matR） using maximum likelihood. The major clades and their relationships retrieved in the present study concur with those of previous studies. All of the five families of Gentianales are monophyletic with strong support. We resolved Rubiaceae as sister to the remaining families in Gentianales and showed support for the sister relationship between Loganiaceae and Apocynaceae. Our results provide new insights into relationships among intrafamilial clades. For example, within Rubiaceae we found that Craterispermeae were sister to Morindeae ＋ （Palicoureeae ＋ Psychotrieae） and that Theligoneae were sister to Putorieae. Within Gentianaceae, our phylogeny revealed that Gentianeae were sister to Helieae and Potalieae, and subtribe Lisianthiinae were sister to Potaliinae and Faroinae. Within Loganiaceae, we found Neuburgia as sister to Spigelieae. Within Apocynaceae, our results supported Amsonieae as sister to Melodineae, and Hunterieae as sister to a clade comprising Plumerieae ＋ （Carisseae ＋ APSA）. We also confirmed the monophyly of Perplocoideae and the relationships among Baisseeae ＋ （Secamonoideae ＋ Asclepiadoideae）.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Importance
Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS) is a rare Kawasaki disease (KD) manifestation. The pediatricians are not aware of the full range of clinical characteristics of KDSS.
Objective
We ...aimed to investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of KDSS in two patients and we included a literature review.
Methods
We collected and analyzed the clinical data for two patients with KDSS. Additionally, using “Kawasaki diseases shock syndrome” as a key phrase, we searched PubMed, Biotechnology Information and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform databases for any similar reports between January 2009 and March 2017.
Results
Both of our patients diagnosed with KD developed sustained hypotension during the course of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, as well as hypoalbuminemia, and increased C‐reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide levels during hypotension. Both patients responded well to fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. No aneurysms formed in either patient during follow‐up. We reviewed two related studies in Chinese and 11 studies in English.
Interpretation
KD may present with severe shock, and requires proper diagnosis and rapid treatment. The prognosis for most patients with KDSS is excellent.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2021, 306, 2100130
https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100130
The above article, published online on 17 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been ...retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, David Huesmann, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed due to a non‐disclosed previous publication of data in this article that, had the editorial team been made aware of upon submission, would have affected the likelihood of the article being considered further. As a result, the journal has made the decision to retract this article.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To explore the predictors for syncopal recurrence in a pediatric population with vasovagal syncope (VVS) treated with metoprolol.
This study was conducted retrospectively among children suffering ...from VVS with or without syncopal recurrence. Data on the detailed medical history and auxiliary examinations were obtained from the electronic medical records. The risk factors for syncopal recurrence were studied by cox regression analyses and the corresponding best cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to determine the trends of the syncopal recurrence-free survival rate.
Forty-two consecutive VVS children were enrolled in the study. At the end of a median follow-up duration of 9.0 (4.8, 19.1) months, 12 patients (29%) experienced ≥1 syncopal episode. Cox regression analyses revealed that the number of previous syncopal episodes before treatment was a risk factor for syncopal recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.027, 95% confidence interval 1.009 - 1.045,
= 0.003). Moreover, 4 previous syncopal episodes were certified as the best cutoff value, and the Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the syncopal recurrence-free survival rate over time in patients with > 4 previous syncopal episodes was significantly lower than that in patients with ≤4 episodes (
= 0.019 at the log-rank test).
In a pediatric population with VVS while on the treatment of metoprolol, the number of previous syncopal episodes before treatment played a significant role in predicting syncopal recurrence.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide, with variations in NDV pathogenicity due to the differences in ...virulence between strains. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the avian innate immune response to NDV infection. In this study, transcriptional profiles were obtained from chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) that were infected with the highly virulent NDV Herts/33 strain or the nonvirulent LaSota strain using RNA-seq. This yielded 8433 transcripts that were associated with NDV infection. This list of candidate genes was then further examined using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. It showed a high enrichment in the areas of cellular components and metabolic processes, with the cellular components possibly being associated with NDV pathogenicity. Among these 8433 transcripts, 3616 transcripts associated with interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) were obtained; these transcripts are involved in metabolic processes, including protein phosphorylation and protein modification. These results provide further insight into the identification of genes that are involved in NDV infection. The global survey of changes in gene expression performed herein provides new insights into the complicated molecular mechanisms underlying virus and host interactions and will enable the use of new strategies to protect chickens against this virus.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Aims
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inheritable disease that leads to sudden cardiac death and heart failure (HF). Sarcomere mutations (SMs) have been associated with HF. However, ...the differences in ventricular function between SM-positive and SM-negative HCM patients are poorly characterized.
Methods and results
Of the prospectively enrolled 374 unrelated HCM patients in Taiwan, 115 patients underwent both 91 cardiomyopathy-related gene screening and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (45.6 ± 10.6 years old, 76.5% were male). Forty pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations were identified in 52 patients by next-generation sequencing. The SM-positive group were younger at first cardiovascular event (P = 0.04) and progression to diastolic HF (P = 0.02) with higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III/IV symptoms with left ventricular ejection fraction > 55% than the SM-negative group (P < 0.001). SM-positive patients had a greater extent of late gadolinium enhancement (P = 0.01), larger left atrial diameter (P = 0.03), higher normalized peak filling rate (PFR) and PFR ratio, and a greater reduction in global longitudinal strain than SM-negative patients (all P ≤ 0.01). During mean lifelong follow-up time (49.2 ± 15.6 years), SM-positive was a predictor of earlier HF (NYHA Class III/IV symptoms) after multivariate adjustment (hazard ratio 3.5; 95% confidence interval 1.3–9.7; P = 0.015).
Conclusion
SM-positive HCM patients had a higher extent of myocardial fibrosis and more severe ventricular diastolic dysfunction than those without, which may contribute to earlier onset of advanced HF, suggesting the importance of close surveillance and early treatment throughout life.
Graphical Abstract
•The definition and causes of sensitive skin and its potential mechanisms are summarized.•The reported plant natural products and purified active components that are potential in anti-allergic ...cosmetics are included.•The anti-allergic property of the summarized natural products was identified from in vitro and in vivo experiments, which can provide clues for the development of anti-allergic cosmetics in the future.
The environment is being continuously deteriorated by air pollution and global warming, increased pressure of work or family on life, and changes in lifestyle; these factors have contributed to an increase in the proportion of both females and males with sensitive skin. To this end, the cosmetics market has focused on developing hypoallergenic or skin-soothing and make-up products. Here, we summarize the definition and causes of sensitive skin, list the mechanisms underlying the development of this condition, and review the natural plant products and purified active components that have potential for use in anti-allergic cosmetics. A review of studies that evaluated the anti-allergic properties of natural products was conducted. There has been a progressive increase in the number of natural products identified as potential anti-allergic raw materials in cosmetics. Finally, we suggest strategies for developing anti-allergic cosmetics in the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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