Abstract Objectives To compare the clinical performance of Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive used in self- and total-etch modes and two-bottle Scotchbond™ Multi-purpose Adhesive in total-etch mode for ...Class 5 non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Methods 37 adults were recruited with 3 or 6 NCCLs (>1.5 mm deep). Teeth were isolated, and a short cervical bevel was prepared. Teeth were restored randomly with Scotchbond Universal total-etch, Scotchbond Universal self-etch or Scotchbond Multi-purpose followed with a composite resin. Restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months for marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, secondary caries, and sensitivity to cold using modified USPHS Criteria. Patients and evaluators were blinded. Logistic and linear regression models using a generalized estimating equation were applied to evaluate the effects of time and adhesive material on clinical assessment outcomes over the 24 month follow-up period. Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare the retention between adhesive materials. Results Clinical performance of all adhesive materials deteriorated over time for marginal adaptation, and discoloration ( p < 0.0001). Both Scotchbond Universal self-etch and Scotchbond Multi-purpose materials were more than three times as likely to contribute to less satisfying performance in marginal discoloration over time than Scotchbond Universal total-etch. The retention rates up to 24 months were 87.6%, 94.9% and 100% for Scotchbond Multi-purpose and Scotchbond Universal self-etch and total-etch, respectively. Conclusions Scotchbond Universal in self- and total- etch modes performed similar to or better than Scotchbond Multipurpose, respectively. Clinical significance 24 month evaluation of a universal adhesive indicates acceptable clinical performance, particularly in a total-etch mode.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Purpose
To determine if surface treatment and cement selection for traditional 3 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (3Y‐PSZ), “translucent” 5 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (5Y‐Z), or lithium ...disilicate crowns affected their fracture load.
Materials and Methods
Crowns with 0.8 mm uniform thickness (96, n = 8/group) were milled of 3Y‐PSZ (Lava Plus), 5Y‐Z (Lava Esthetic), or lithium disilicate (e.max CAD) and sintered/crystallized. Half the crowns were either particle‐abraded with 30 µm alumina (zirconias) or etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (lithium disilicate), and the other half received no surface treatment. Half the crowns from each group were luted with resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI, RelyX Luting Plus) and half were luted with a resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2) to resin composite dies. Crowns were load cycled (100,000 cycles, 100 N force, 24°C water) and then loaded with a steel indenter until failure. A three‐way ANOVA examined the effects of material, cement, and surface treatment on fracture load. Post‐hoc comparisons were performed with the Tukey‐Krammer method.
Results
Fracture load was signficiantly different for materials and cements (p < 0.0001) but not surface treatments (p = 0.77). All lithium disilicate crowns luted with RMGI failed in fatigue loading cycling; 3Y‐PSZ and 5Y‐Z crowns luted with resin showed a higher fracture load compared with RMGI (p < 0.001). With resin cement, there was no signficant difference in fracture load between 5Y‐Z and lithium disiliciate (p = 1) whereas 3Y‐PSZ had a higher fracture load (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Cement type affected fracture load of crowns but surface treatment did not. The 0.8 mm uniform thick crowns tested benefited from using resin cement regardless of type of ceramic material. Crowns fabricated from 5Y‐Z may be particle‐abraded if luted with resin cement.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Surgical resection is the only cure for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, widespread metastases have already occured by the time of initial diagnosis in many cases making complete surgical ...removal impossible. We developed a recombinant heavy-chain receptor binding domain (rHCR) of botulinum neurotoxin type A that can specifically target synaptic vesicle 2 (SV2), a surface receptor abundantly expressed in multiple neuroendocrine tumors. Expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers chromogranin A (CgA) and achaete-scute complex 1 (ASCL1) were signficantly reduced when treated with rHCR. rHCR conjugated to the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) significantly suppressed proliferation of pancreatic carcinoid (BON) and medullary thyroid cancer cells (MZ) at concentrations of 500 and 300 nM respectively, while no growth suppression was observed in pulmonary fibroblasts and cortical neuron control cell lines. In vivo, rHCR-MMAE significantly reduced tumor volume in mouse xenografts with no observed adverse effects. These data suggest recombinant HCR (rHCR) of BoNT/A preferentially targets neuroendocrine cancer without the neurotoxicity of the full BoNT/A and that SV2 is a specific and promising target for delivering drugs to neuroendocrine tumors.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Introduction and hypothesis
Understanding patient preferences regarding provider characteristics is an under-explored area in urogynecology. This study aims to describe patient preferences for ...urogynecologic care, including provider gender, age, experience, and presence of medical trainees.
Methods
This was a multicenter, cross-sectional, survey-based study assessing patient preferences with a voluntary, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire prior to their first urogynecology consult. A 5-point Likert scale addressing provider gender, age, experience, and presence of trainees was used. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics and provider preferences. Chi-squared (or Fisher’s exact) test was used to test for associations.
Results
Six hundred fifteen women participated from eight sites including all geographic regions across the US; 70.8% identified as white with mean age of 58.5 ± 14.2 years. Urinary incontinence was the most commonly reported symptom (45.9%); 51.4% saw a female provider. The majority of patients saw a provider 45–60 years old (42.8%) with > 15 years’ experience (60.9%). Sixty-five percent of patients preferred a female provider; 10% preferred a male provider. Sixteen percent preferred a provider < 45 years old, 36% preferred 45–60 years old, and 11% of patients preferred a provider > 60 years old. Most patients preferred a provider with 5–15 or > 15 years’ experience (49% and 46%, respectively). Eleven percent preferred the presence of trainees while 24% preferred trainee absence.
Conclusion
Patient preferences regarding urogynecologic providers included female gender and provider age 45–60 years old with > 5 years’ experience. Further study is needed to identify qualitative components associated with these preferences.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research highlights Adverse Childhood Experiences as a potential risk factor and intervention target contributing to the disproportionate number of individuals with sickle cell ...disease affected by asthma, a well-established catalyst to the increased morbidity and mortality impacting this high-risk population. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are strongly associated with asthma. A disproportionate number of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) also have asthma. Asthma is strongly associated with increased SCD morbidity and mortality. This study compared the prevalence of asthma among children and adolescents with SCD with and without ACEs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This retrospective cohort study involved 45 children and 30 adolescents with SCD. ACEs were captured using the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experiences Child and Teen Questionnaires, which encompass the original 10 ACEs as well as 7 (child) and 9 (teen) expert-recommended ('expanded') ACEs. ACE exposures were categorized as: Original 0-1 vs. ≥2; Original + Expanded 0-1 vs. ≥2. Asthma prevalence was compared among ≥2 and 0-1 ACE groups using the chi-square (or Fisher’s exact) test. A binary logistic regression was performed to predict the likelihood of asthma while adjusting for characteristics (age, household income and gender) that were statistically different among ACE comparison groups at baseline. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among the 45 child participants, 64% had a history of asthma; whereas 50% of teens had a history of asthma. Asthma prevalence was higher among teens with ≥2 vs. 0-1 Original ACEs (89% v. 33%, p=0.014). A history of ≥2 ACEs remained significant (p=0.024) among teens after adjusting for age, household income and gender. There was no significance in asthma prevalence among child ACE comparison groups. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Adolescents with ≥2 ACEs had a higher prevalence of asthma compared to subjects with 0-1 ACE. This study, coupled with the cumulative nature of ACEs and the graded-dose response relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes, highlight the need for larger, longitudinal studies examining the relationship between ACEs, asthma and SCD outcomes.
Abstract While Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is more common than related autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), scientific and medical research in ...SS has lagged behind significantly. This is especially true in the field of SS genetics, where efforts to date have relied heavily on candidate gene approaches. Within the last decade, the advent of the genome-wide association (GWA) scan has altered our understanding of disease pathogenesis in hundreds of disorders through the successful identification of novel risk loci. With strong evidence for a genetic component in SS as evidenced by familial aggregation of SS as well as similarities between SS and SLE and RA, the application of GWA approaches would likely yield numerous novel risk loci in SS. Here we review the fundamental scientific principles employed in GWA scans as well as the limitations of this tool, and we discuss the application of GWA scans in determining genetic variants at play in complex disease. We also examine the successful application of GWA scans in SLE, which now has more than 40 confirmed risk loci, and consider the possibility for a similar trajectory of SS genetic discovery in the era of GWA scans. Ultimately, the GWA studies that will be performed in SS have the potential to identify a myriad of novel genetic loci that will allow scientists to begin filling in the gaps in our understanding of the SS pathogenesis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract Abnormal expression and function of chromatin regulators results in the altered chromatin structure seen in cancer. The chromatin regulator CTCF, its cofactor CHD8, and antagonistic ...paralogue BORIS have wide-ranging effects on gene regulation. Their concurrent expression and regulation was examined in benign, localized, and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) arrays with extended follow-up using an automated quantitative imaging system, VECTRA. Epithelial staining was quantified and compared against a range of clinicopathologic variables. CHD8 expression was decreased in HGPIN, localized, and metastatic PCa compared to benign ( P < .001). CHD8 promoter hypermethylation, assessed by Quantitative Pyrosequencing, occurred in over 45% of primary cancers in this population as well as the TGCA database. Treatment of cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine reinduced expression. An interesting dichotomy for CHD8 was observed within primary cancers, with higher nuclear protein expression associated with adverse clinical outcomes including extracapsular extension ( P = .007), presence of metastases ( P = .025) and worse PSA-recurrence free survival ( P = .048). CHD8 outperformed Gleason score and predicted biochemical failure within intermediate grade prostate cancers. The BORIS/CTCF expression ratio increased in localized ( P = .03) and metastatic PCa ( P = .006) and was associated with higher Gleason score ( P = .02), increased tumor volume ( P = .02) and positive margins ( P = .04). Per cell heterogeneity of expression revealed all protein expression to be more heterogeneous in cancerous tissue (both P < .001), especially high grade ( P < .01). In the first detailed analysis in cancer, a marked loss of CHD8 expression and increased BORIS/CTCF ratio indicate frequent disruption of CTCF and its effector genes in PCa.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of ...the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes （BMCs）, having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron （Fe） nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220 ~C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BMCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus （P） and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BMCs （100 kg ha-1 ）. The present formulation of BMC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate （100 kg ha-1 ）. The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BMC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Essence of chicken is a popular Asian nutritional supplement that is often taken to improve metabolism and general health. Although used as a traditional remedy for combating fatigue and general ...health, there has been few studies investigating the ergogenic properties of chicken essence and its associated mechanism. We conducted a study to investigate the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidant properties of essence of chicken (EC) after exercise. Six weeks old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided to four groups (10 mice/group) and were provided different doses of Essence of Chicken (EC): (1) Vehicle (water), (2) EC-0.5X (558 mg/kg), (3) EC-1X (1117 mg/kg), and (4) EC-2X (2234 mg/kg). EC supplementation could improve endurance and grip strength (
< 0.0001) and it had significant effects on the fatigue-related biochemical markers: ammonia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly lowered, while glucose blood levels and lactate clearance were improved after exercise challenge. Muscle and liver glycogen levels, muscle and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were observed to increase with EC supplementation. Preliminary in vitro data suggests that EC may have a beneficial effect in muscle mass and strength. No abnormalities were observed from pathohistological examination. Our study suggests that the EC could significantly improve exercise performance and endurance capacity and that the anti-oxidant properties of EC may be an important contributing factor to its anti-fatigue effects.
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