Rapid modernization in China has impacted the daily lives and health of women, including a rise in obesity. However, little is known about the impact of menopausal status, behavior, and psychosocial ...factors on the risk of obesity for rural women in China. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors, including demographic information (education, family history of T2DM, menopausal status), obesity-related behavior, and psychosocial factors associated with overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity. In a cross-sectional study design, participants had their weight, height, and waist circumference measured and completed questionnaires regarding family demographics, obesity-related health behaviors (physical activity, diet, sleep), and psychosocial information (stress, social support, and self-efficacy related to physical activity and healthy diet). A total of 646 women were included in this study; 46.6% were overweight/generally obese, and 48% had abdominal obesity. Postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of general and central obesity. Regular physical activity decreased the risk for overweight/general obesity and abdominal obesity (OR = .41 and .31, respectively, p = .04) in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women who had not breastfed their infants and reported moderate/high-stress had a higher risk for overweight/general obesity (OR = 3.93, and 2, respectively) and those who reported less than 6 hours of sleep per day increased their risk for abdominal obesity (OR = 2.08). Different factors associated with obesity were found in Chinese women, depending on menopausal status. Future studies should examine the impact of menopause on a woman's risk for obesity, as well as develop tailored interventions to improve health, well-being and reduce the risk of obesity.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ortho‐Methyl effects are exploited to tune steric hindrance between side‐chain N,N′‐diaryls and polycyclic dihydrodibenzoa,cphenazine, and in turn control the conformations of ...N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzoa,cphenazine (DPAC) and its ortho‐methyl derivatives Mx‐My (x=0, 1 or 2, y=1 or 2, x and y correlate with the number of methyl groups in the ortho‐positiond of N,N′‐diphenyl). The magnitude of steric hindrance increases as x and y increase, and the V‐shaped dihydrodibenzoa,cphenazine skeleton is gradually tuned from a bent (DPAC) to planar (M2‐M2) structure in the ground state. As a result, the relaxation of the excited‐state structure of DPAC and its numerous analogues could be mimicked by model structures Mx‐My, demonstrating for the first time the the conformation change from bent‐to‐planar and hence a large range of energy‐gap tuning of polycyclic conjugated structures controlled by the steric hindrance.
Six (D)PAC: ortho‐Methyl effects are exploited to tune the steric hindrance between side‐chain N,N′‐diaryls and polycyclic dihydrodibenzoa,cphenazine, and in turn control the conformation and color of N,N′‐diphenyl‐dihydrodibenzoa,cphenazine (DPAC) and its ortho‐methyl derivatives. The results show that simple insertion of a small methyl group overcomes the energy barrier to planarization in the ground state.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Figure abstract. Schematic diagram of synthesis method and photcatalysis for as-prepared BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq under different conditions.
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This paper presents an unprecedented ...systematic synthetic study of a controlled hydrothermal method for the preparation of bismuth oxychloride/bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide ternary composites (BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq). The pH, temperature, and KCl:KBr:KI molar ratio for the reactions were adjusted to control the compositions and morphologies of BiOxCly/BiOmBrn/BiOpIq composites. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface areas, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to the products. The photocatalytic activities of dispersions were examined by monitoring the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and crystal violet concentrations. Various scavengers demonstrated quenching effects. O2− was crucial to HBA degradation, whereas h+ and OH played minor roles in HBA degradation. This text hypothesizes possible photodegradation mechanisms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), first found in early November 2021, has sparked considerable global concern and it has >50 mutations, many of which are known to affect ...transmissibility or cause immune escape. In this study, we sought to investigate the virological characteristics of the Omicron variant and compared it with the Delta variant which has dominated the world since mid-2021. Omicron variant replicated more slowly than the Delta variant in transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)-overexpressing VeroE6 (VeroE6/TMPRSS2) cells. Notably, the Delta variant replicated well in Calu3 cell line which has robust TMPRSS2 expression, while the Omicron variant replicated poorly in this cell line. Competition assay showed that Delta variant outcompeted Omicron variant in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Calu3 cells. To confirm the difference in entry pathway between the Omicron and Delta variants, we assessed the antiviral effect of bafilomycin A1, chloroquine (inhibiting endocytic pathway), and camostat (inhibiting TMPRSS2 pathway). Camostat potently inhibited the Delta variant but not the Omicron variant, while bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine could inhibit both Omicron and Delta variants. Moreover, the Omicron variant also showed weaker cell-cell fusion activity when compared with Delta variant in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Omicron variant infection is not enhanced by TMPRSS2 but is largely mediated via the endocytic pathway. The difference in entry pathway between Omicron and Delta variants may have an implication on the clinical manifestations or disease severity.
Let \operatorname {Bun}_{G}(X) be the moduli stack of G-torsors on a smooth projective curve X for a reductive group G. We prove a conjecture made by Drinfeld-Wang and Gaitsgory on the ...Deligne–Lusztig duality for D-modules on \operatorname {Bun}_{G}(X). This conjecture relates the pseudo-identity functors given by Gaitsgory Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) (2017) and Drinfeld and Gaitsgory Camb. J. Math. 3 (2015), pp. 19–125 to the enhanced Eisenstein series and geometric constant term functors given by Gaitsgory Astérisque (2015). We also prove a “second adjointness” result for these enhanced functors.
A series of new amino (NH)-type hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) compounds comprising 2-(2′-aminophenyl)benzothiazole and its extensive derivatives were designed and synthesized. Unlike in the hydroxyl ...(OH)-type H-bonding systems, one of the amino hydrogens can be replaced with electron-donating/withdrawing groups. This, together with a versatile capability for modifying the parent moiety, makes feasible the comprehensive spectroscopy and dynamics studies of amino-type excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), which was previously inaccessible in the hydroxyl-type ESIPT systems. Empirical correlations were observed among the hydrogen-bonding strength (the N–H bond distances and proton acidity), ESIPT kinetics, and thermodynamics, demonstrating a trend that the stronger N–H···N hydrogen bond leads to a faster ESIPT, as experimentally observed, and a more exergonic reaction thermodynamics. Accordingly, ESIPT reaction can be harnessed for the first time from a highly endergonic type (i.e., prohibition) toward equilibrium with a measurable ESIPT rate and then to the highly exergonic, ultrafast ESIPT reaction within the same series of amino-type intramolecular H-bond system.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Genomes are an integral component of the biological information about an organism; thus, the more complete the genome, the more informative it is. Historically, bacterial and archaeal genomes were ...reconstructed from pure (monoclonal) cultures, and the first reported sequences were manually curated to completion. However, the bottleneck imposed by the requirement for isolates precluded genomic insights for the vast majority of microbial life. Shotgun sequencing of microbial communities, referred to initially as community genomics and subsequently as genome-resolved metagenomics, can circumvent this limitation by obtaining metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs); but gaps, local assembly errors, chimeras, and contamination by fragments from other genomes limit the value of these genomes. Here, we discuss genome curation to improve and, in some cases, achieve complete (circularized, no gaps) MAGs (CMAGs). To date, few CMAGs have been generated, although notably some are from very complex systems such as soil and sediment. Through analysis of about 7000 published complete bacterial isolate genomes, we verify the value of cumulative GC skew in combination with other metrics to establish bacterial genome sequence accuracy. The analysis of cumulative GC skew identified potential misassemblies in some reference genomes of isolated bacteria and the repeat sequences that likely gave rise to them. We discuss methods that could be implemented in bioinformatic approaches for curation to ensure that metabolic and evolutionary analyses can be based on very high-quality genomes.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), composed of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands and possessing inherent crystallinity, a definite structure, a tunable pore, and multiple functionalizations, have ...shown potential for numerous applications. Recently, luminescent MOFs (LMOFs) have attracted much attention as sensing materials because their structural and chemical tunability can afford good selectivity through pore-sieving functions with different pore sizes or host framework-guest interactions. Meanwhile, MOFs with high internal surface areas can concentrate analytes to a high density, thereby decreasing detection limits and exhibiting high sensitivity. Numerous LMOFs have been synthesized and employed for sensing applications. Here, the recent advances of LMOFs as chemical sensors based on "mechanism-response" were summarized, including collapse of frameworks, overlap, cation exchange, ligand exchange, reaction- and redox-based mechanisms, electron transfer, energy transfer, hydrogen bonding, linker-analyte interaction, synergistic effects, and multiple interactions. Moreover, in this review, present challenges and future opportunities in this field are discussed. This review could be a valuable reference for the rational construction and sensing applications of LMOFs.
The comprehensive review systematically summarizes the recent developments in the study of LMOFs as chemical sensors based on "mechanism-response".
The options for first-line treatment of advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma are scarce, and the outcomes remain poor. The anti-PD-1 antibody, tislelizumab, has shown antitumour activity in ...previously treated patients with advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We report interim analysis results from the RATIONALE-306 study, which aimed to assess tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
This global, randomised, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study was conducted at 162 medical centres across Asia, Europe, Oceania, and North America. Patients (aged ≥18 years) with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (regardless of PD-L1 expression), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1, and measurable or evaluable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (version 1.1) were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1), using permuted block randomisation (block size of four) and stratified by investigator-chosen chemotherapy, region, and previous definitive therapy, to tislelizumab 200 mg or placebo intravenously every 3 weeks on day 1, together with an investigator-chosen chemotherapy doublet, comprising a platinum agent (cisplatin 60–80 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 or oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1) plus a fluoropyrimidine (fluorouracil 750–800 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1–5 or capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 orally twice daily on days 1–14) or paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1). Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Investigators, patients, and sponsor staff or designees were masked to treatment. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The efficacy analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population (ie, all randomly assigned patients) and safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03783442.
Between Dec 12, 2018, and Nov 24, 2020, 869 patients were screened, of whom 649 were randomly assigned to tislelizumab plus chemotherapy (n=326) or placebo plus chemotherapy (n=323). Median age was 64·0 years (IQR 59·0–69·0), 563 (87%) of 649 participants were male, 86 (13%) were female, 486 (75%) were Asian, and 155 (24%) were White. 324 (99%) of 326 patients in the tislelizumab group and 321 (99%) of 323 in the placebo group received at least one dose of the study drug. As of data cutoff (Feb 28, 2022), median follow-up was 16·3 months (IQR 8·6–21·8) in the tislelizumab group and 9·8 months (IQR 5·8–19·0) in the placebo group, and 196 (60%) of 326 patients in the tislelizumab group versus 226 (70%) of 323 in the placebo group had died. Median overall survival in the tislelizumab group was 17·2 months (95% CI 15·8–20·1) and in the placebo group was 10·6 months (9·3–12·1; stratified hazard ratio 0·66 95% CI 0·54–0·80; one-sided p<0·0001). 313 (97%) of 324 patients in the tislelizumab group and 309 (96%) of 321 in the placebo group had treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events. The most common grade 3 or 4 treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events were decreased neutrophil count (99 31% in the tislelizumab group vs 105 33% in the placebo group), decreased white blood cell count (35 11% vs 50 16%), and anaemia (47 15% vs 41 13%). Six deaths in the tislelizumab group (gastrointestinal and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage n=2, myocarditis n=1, pulmonary tuberculosis n=1, electrolyte imbalance n=1, and respiratory failure n=1) and four deaths in the placebo group (pneumonia n=1, septic shock n=1, and unspecified death n=2) were determined to be treatment-related.
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma provided superior overall survival with a manageable safety profile versus placebo plus chemotherapy. Given that the interim analysis met its superiority boundary for the primary endpoint, as confirmed by the independent data monitoring committee, this Article represents the primary study analysis.
BeiGene.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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