China has achieved high vaccination coverage under the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in children 1-2 years of age. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding vaccination coverage and ...timeliness for children >2 years of age. As such, this study aimed to estimate coverage and timeliness for all EPI and selected non-EPI vaccines within a rural area of China. Immunization data for 5091 children, born between September 2003 and November 2015, were collected from vaccination cards obtained during sero-surveillance follow-up visits and/or from the Hunan immunization information system. For each dose of both EPI and non-EPI vaccines, vaccination coverage and timeliness were calculated, and temporal variations were examined across birth cohorts. We found coverage for EPI vaccines scheduled for <12 months was 97.1%-99.4%. However, for EPI vaccines scheduled at 6 years coverage was 44.4%-51.7%. The timeliness for EPI vaccines was generally poor, especially for EPI vaccines introduced after 2008 or scheduled for administration at ≥12 months, with a maximum of 35.4% of children vaccinated according to schedule. Despite this, we found increasing trends in vaccination coverage and improvements in timeliness for EPI vaccines. However, for non-EPI vaccines, we found only moderate increases, and in some cases decreases, in vaccination coverage. This study demonstrates the success and improvement of the Chinese immunization program, but also highlights some challenges to be addressed. We recommend that future changes in vaccine practice and policy should primarily focus on improving coverage and timeliness of vaccines introduced after 2008, and/or scheduled for administration ≥12 months.
With remarkable progress in the field of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis, it is critical to understand population immunity against RSV. We aim to describe the RSV pre-F IgG antibodies ...across all age groups in Southern China and to evaluate the risk factors associated with lower antibody levels.
We performed a community-based cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study in Anhua County, Hunan Province, Southern China, from July 15, 2021, to November 5, 2021. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against the RSV prefusion F (pre-F) protein using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated the geometric mean titres (GMTs) and seropositivity rates across all age groups. The generalized linear models were built to identify factors associated with antibody levels.
A total of 890 participants aged 4 months to older than 89 years were enrolled. The lowest RSV pre-F IgG GMTs were observed in infants and toddlers aged 4 months to younger than 2 years (3.0; 95% CI, 2.6–3.5). With increasing age, the RSV pre-F IgG GMT increased to 4.3 (95% CI, 4.1–4.4) between the ages of 2 and younger than 5 years and then stabilized at high levels throughout life. All the children had serological evidence of RSV infection by the age of 5 years. Age was associated with RSV pre-F antibody levels in children, with an estimated 1.9-fold (95% CI, 0.8–3.6) increase in titre per year before 5 years of age, although it was not significantly associated with antibody levels in adults aged older than 60 years.
Our findings could provide a comprehensive understanding of the gaps in RSV immunity at the population level and inform the prioritization of immunization platforms.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Task-Grabbing System on operating room efficiency. Based on the competition-driven concept of the 'Uber' app, an Task-Grabbing System was ...designed for task allocation and quality assessment. We implemented the Task-Grabbing System in our hospital operating room and compared the differences in consecutive operation preparation time, turnover time, and task completion time performed by surgical technicians for tasks such as patient pick-up, operating room cleaning, medical equipment recovery, three-piece set delivery, as well as blood gas analysis and intraoperative specimen submission before (October 2019) and after (December 2019) the implementation of the Task-Grabbing System. After the implementation of the Task-Grabbing System, the consecutive operation preparation time was reduced from the average of 43.56-38.55 min (P < 0.05), and the turnover time was decreased from the average of 14.25-12.61 min (P < 0.05). And the respective time consuming of surgical technicians for patients picking up, operating room cleaning, medical facilities recovering, the three-piece set delivering, blood gas analysis sending and intraoperative specimen submitting was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). The Task-Grabbing System could improve the operating room efficiency and effectively mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of the surgical technicians.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•A dynamic optimal bidding strategy for a DRA in the regulation market is proposed.•A risk quantitative index considering the multivariate correlation is constructed.•A compensation mechanism is ...designed for balancing risks and benefits.•A baseline dynamic adjustment method is proposed for optimizing the bidding strategy.•The proposed methods are beneficial for users and DRA.
As a low-cost flexible resource, dynamic controllable load on the demand side offers potential for great application prospects in power system frequency regulation. To overcome the risks of various uncertain factors in electricity markets and realize the economic benefits of demand response, this study proposed a dynamic bidding strategy for demand-side resources to participate in the frequency regulation market by a demand response (DR) aggregator. A correlative uncertainty model of the market price and frequency regulation demand was constructed employing the copula function, while the corresponding copula conditional value-at-risk model was used as a market risk measurement index to quantify the DR aggregator’s decision risk. Consequently, an objective function that maximises the profit of the DR aggregator was established. Simultaneously, based on the analysis of the response potential of demand-side resources, a time-varying compensation method for the DR was proposed, and the bidding decision of the DR aggregator was dynamically optimised considering load deviation. Finally, case studies demonstrated that the accuracy and rationality of the uncertainty modelling are improved. The proposed dynamic optimisation method resulted in an increase of 16 % in operating profits. In addition, the revenue of users increased by 12 %. The impact of different risk preferences and the correlation between the stochastic electricity price and frequency regulation demand on the optimal decision result was analysed, based on which the manager of the DR aggregator can make decisions under different situations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
CS molecule, which plays a key role in atmospheric and astrophysical circumstances, has drawn great attention for long time. Owing to its large state density, the detailed information of the ...electronic structure of CS is still lacking. In this work, the high-level MRCI+
Q
method is used to compute the potential energy curves, dipole moments and transition dipole moments of singlet and triplet states correlated with the lowest dissociation limit of CS, based on which high accurate vibration–rotation levels and spectroscopic constants of bound states are evaluated. The opacity of CS relevant to atmospheric circumstance is computed at a pressure of 100 atms for different temperatures. With the increase of temperature, band systems from different transitions mingle with each other, and band boundaries become blurred, which are originated from the increased population on vibrational excited states and electronic excited states at high temperature.
Systemic treatment options for NSCLC with brain metastases (BMs) are scarce. We evaluated the activity and safety of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy in patients with advanced ...nonsquamous NSCLC with BMs.
This was a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial (NCT04211090) conducted at seven hospitals in China. Eligible patients had treatment-naive metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC and BMs that were asymptomatic or symptoms controlled with dehydration therapy and no previous systemic treatment or local therapy for the target brain lesion. Patients received camrelizumab (200 mg) plus pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5) intravenously on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for four cycles, followed by maintenance with camrelizumab (200 mg) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) every 21 days until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary end point was confirmed intracranial objective response rate according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1, which was primarily analyzed in the efficacy analysis set (EAS).
A total of 45 patients were enrolled and treated (full analysis set), with 40 patients having at least one post-baseline tumor assessment (EAS). As of August 30, 2022, median follow-up duration was 12.5 months (95% confidence interval CI: 9.2–17.3). The confirmed intracranial objective response rate was 52.5% (95% CI: 36.1–68.5) in EAS and 46.7% (95% CI: 31.7–62.1) in full analysis set. The extracranial objective response rate was 47.5% (95% CI: 31.5–63.9) and 42.2% (95% CI: 27.7–57.8), respectively. Median intracranial progression-free survival was 7.6 months (95% CI: 4.6–not reached NR), median overall progression-free survival was 7.4 months (95% CI: 4.4–NR), and median overall survival was 21.0 months (95% CI: 15.9–NR). The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were neutrophil count decrease (six 13.3%) and anemia (four 8.9%). One treatment-related death occurred owing to immune-related pneumonia. Linear mixed-effects model displayed that a positive trend for improvement in cognitive function and quality of life was observed based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Lung scores (p = 0.025, p < 0.001).
Camrelizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin was found to have an activity with manageable toxicity and to improve cognitive function and quality of life for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC with BMs in the first-line setting.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The electronic structures of SnBr are calculated with MRCI+Q method.•The spin-orbit coupling effect is considered.•The predissociation mechanism of 14Σ- is discussed.•The avoided crossing phenomenon ...of the same symmetry is analyzed.•The lifetimes of vibrational states of 12Σ+ are evaluated.
The electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of SnBr molecule are calculated by high-level multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) method. The Davidson correction (+Q) and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect are investigated in the calculations. The potential energy curves (PECs) of 23 Ʌ-S states and 45 Ω states generated from those Ʌ-S states are obtained. Based on the calculated PECs, the spectroscopic constants of the bound states are evaluated, which are in good accordance with previous experimental data. At the avoided crossing point, the dipole moments (DMs) of Ʌ-S states exhibit abrupt change, which are attributed to the change of electronic configurations of those states. With the help of the calculated SO matrix elements, the interaction between 14Σ- and nearby states is analyzed, and the possible predissociation pathway of low-lying vibrational levels of 14Σ- is illuminated. In the end, transition dipole moments (TDMs) and the radiative lifetimes from the excited states to the ground state are determined.
Display omitted The calculated potential energy curves of the Λ-S states of SnBr using MRCI+Q method.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To efficiently prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have explored and confirmed that metallothionein (MT) prevents DCM by attenuating oxidative stress, and increasing expression of proteins ...associated with glucose metabolism. To determine whether Akt2 expression is critical to MT prevention of DCM, mice with either global Akt2 gene deletion (Akt2‐KO), or cardiomyocyte‐specific overexpressing MT gene (MT‐TG) or both combined (MT‐TG/Akt2‐KO) were used. Akt2‐KO mice exhibited symptoms of DCM (cardiac remodelling and dysfunction), and reduced expression of glycogen and glucose metabolism‐related proteins, despite an increase in total Akt (t‐Akt) phosphorylation. Cardiac MT overexpression in MT‐TG/Akt2‐KO mice prevented DCM and restored glucose metabolism‐related proteins expression and baseline t‐Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the heart of MT‐TG/Akt2‐KO mice, compared with Akt2‐KO mice. As ERK1/2 has been implicated in the regulation of glucose transport and metabolism this increase could potentially underlie MT protective effect in MT‐TG/Akt2‐KO mice. Therefore, these results show that although our previous work has shown that MT preserving Akt2 activity is sufficient to prevent DCM, in the absence of Akt2 MT may stimulate alternative or downstream pathways protecting from DCM in a type 2 model of diabetes, and that this protection may be associated with the ERK activation pathway.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Combination drugs, characterized by high efficacy and few side effects, have received extensive attention from pharmaceutical companies and researchers for the treatment of complex diseases such as ...heart failure (HF). Traditional combination drug discovery depends on large-scale high-throughput experimental approaches that are time-consuming and costly. Herein we developed a novel, rapid, and potentially universal computer-guided combination drug-network-screening approach based on a set of databases and web services that are easy for individuals to obtain and operate, and we discovered for the first time that the menthol–allethrin combination screened by this approach exhibited a significant synergistic cardioprotective effect in vitro. Further mechanistic studies indicated that allethrin and menthol could synergistically block calcium channels. Allethrin bound to the central cavity of the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S (CACNA1S) lead to a conformational change in an allosteric site of CACNA1S, thereby enhancing the binding of menthol to this allosteric site. In summary, we reported a potentially universal computational approach to combination drug screening that has been used to discover a new combination of menthol–allethrin against HF in vitro, providing a new synergistic mechanism and prospective agent for HF treatment.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
PDF
