•Paradigm of the theory of urban bias is an effective tool to understand China's land development policy.•Policy is measured by the extent to which compensation deviates from the market value of ...expropriated land.•Effect of urban-biased land development on the urban-rural income gap is robust, significant, and positive.•This effect is attributed to an unbalanced urban-rural income growth associated with the land development.
Developing countries generally face the challenge of significant urban-rural divides during their process of industrialization and urbanization. Following the paradigm of the theory of urban bias (TUB), this article focuses on the urban-biased land development policy (UBLDP) in contemporary China, which refers that local governments expropriate rural land with the inadequate compensation and use a considerable share of net land revenue to develop urban areas instead of rural areas. On the basis of pointing out three practical facts about and proposing the technique to measure the UBLDP, its influence on the urban-rural income gap (URIG) is investigated by employing the GMM dynamic model along with panel data from Hubei Province over the period of 2010-2016. The results show that a 1% increase in the extent to which compensation deviates from the market value of expropriated rural land (ERL) leads to a 0.46% increase in the URIG, while this effect is attributed to an unbalanced urban-rural income growth associated with the land development. These findings not only generate a broad of direct implications for Chinese policymakers but also provide lessons for other developing countries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nowadays, China is the world’s second largest economy and largest carbon emitter. This paper calculates the carbon emission intensity and the carbon emissions per capita of land use in 30 provinces ...at the national level in China from 2006 to 2016. A spatial correlation model is used to explore its spatiotemporal features. The results show that (1) China’s land use carbon emissions continued to grow from 2006 to 2016. The spatial heterogeneity of carbon emission intensity of land use initially decreased and then increased during this period. The carbon emission of land use pattern reached a peak in 2015 and the land use carbon emission intensity was relatively lower in east China; (2) southern China accounts for a majority of the total Chinese carbon sink. Better economic structure, land use structure and industrial structure will lead to lower carbon emission intensity of land use; (3) carbon emissions per capita of land use in China are affected not only by land development intensity, urbanization level, and energy consumption structure, but also by the population policy. It is significant to formulate differentiated energy and land use policies according to local conditions. This study not only provides a scientific basis for formulating different carbon emission mitigation policies for the local governments in China, but also provides theoretical reference for other developing countries for sustainable development. It contributes to the better understanding of the land use patterns on carbon emissions in China.
The social integration in host cities of China's migrant population and its determinants has received much attention from researchers. However, few have directly addressed the family migration in ...differentiating migrants' social integration. This study employs descriptive statistics and multivariate regression to explore the social integration across different family migration types, based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2013 and 2017 in Wuhan metropolitan area. The findings show that the family migration in Wuhan metropolitan area is prevalent, and the central city Wuhan has advantages both in the proportion of whole-family migration and the scores of migrants' social integration. In addition, the migrants' family migration is significantly positively associated with their social integration, but the effect is variance in the regression models of social integration's four dimensions. The findings reveal the Wuhan City's leading position in promoting migrants' social integration within the Wuhan metropolitan area. Furthermore, migration with more family members has higher levels of integration in economy and public service. This implies that the convenience provided by inflow cities' government for family migration is crucial. To provide high-quality public services is of great significance to attract and retain migrants and then promote their overall social integration.
•The proposed EIT-analogue metamaterial cell can be manufactured easily.•The bandwidth of the transmission window can be tuned easily.•A polarization-independent and angle-insensitive transmission ...response is obtained.
We numerically and experimentally demonstrate an electromagnetically induced transparency analogue (EIT-analogue) planar metamaterial. The proposed metamaterial cell adopts a double patterned concentric hexagon ring and can be manufactured easily. The bandwidth of the transmission window can be tuned by changing the separation distance of two hexagon ring. The coupling mechanism of the EIT-analogue metamaterial is studied by analyzing transmission response and magnetic field distribution. The achievement of EIT-analogue effect in this system is two bright modes coupling, which is different from bright-dark modes coupling. A polarization-independent and angle-insensitive sharp transmission response is obtained at microwave frequencies. A coupled oscillator theoretical model is used to demonstrate the resonance transmittance mechanism of the proposed EIT-analogue metamaterial.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
5.
Impact of land use on bicycle usage Zhao, Yi; Ke, Shangan; Lin, Qiaowen ...
Journal of transport and land use,
01/2020, Volume:
13, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Bicycling is an alternative of urban transport mode, which is significantly influenced by land use. This paper makes an effort to quantify the magnitude and direction of the impact. We first develop ...a theoretical framework to establish links between land use and bicycle usage. Then, trip data is crawled from Mobike, one of the largest newly emerging, free-floating bike sharing operators in Shenzhen (China), for a total of more than 7.8 million records over 191 consecutive days. And bicycling frequency, travel duration, and riding distance are obtained to be proxies of bicycle usage. Land-use characteristics regarding bicycling are comprehensively indicated by a set of standardized variables including three dimensions, land-use type, land-use mix, land-use connections, and 12 concrete indices. Panel spatial model is applied to quantify the associations at the district level with socioeconomics controlled. Results show that the percentage of green land has a remarkable impact on bicycle usage outcomes and land-use mix is positively associated with bicycling frequency. Density of intersections contributes to longer trip duration. Bicycle lane is a positive facilitator on workdays, while the number of stations is positively related to bicycle usage, especially frequency and distance. These findings provide insight into land use-transport interaction and could be of value to policymakers, planers and practitioners for transport planning while incorporating bicycling-friendly principles.
Quantum dot infrared photodetector (QDIP) shows more superior characteristics; however, the low absorption rate is still the fundamental factor restricting the performance of the detector. So in our ...paper, the QDIP is improved by introducing the metal structure with the strips and holes to increase absorptivity. The results demonstrate that the enhanced QDIP can greatly improve the photon absorptivity up to 98.92% as a result of the local coupling surface plasmon effect, which is 1.23 times than that of the conventional photodetectors without the metal array structures.
Although public hearings have been introduced into Chinese land expropriation as an important democratic supervision and conflict resolution mechanism for more than 15 years, there is a dearth of ...research into its qualities. Taking the farmers’ satisfaction with the public hearings as the critical quality indicator, this article analyzes the dilemma of this special institution in Chinese land expropriation. Process tracing is employed to analyze the design defect of the public hearing institution. Farmers’ satisfactions with the public hearings are measured by a questionnaire, and the factors are examined by a structural equation model based on the theories of expectancy disconfirmation and procedural fairness. It is concluded that the distorted procedure and the inconsiderate arrangement affect farmers’ perceived procedural fairness and decrease their satisfaction with hearings. In order to solve the dilemma of public participation in land expropriation, the relevant authorities should start from the source of affecting farmers’ satisfaction.
The digital economy is an important engine for China's economic and social development, accelerating the development of agricultural digitization and promoting the integration of agricultural ...digitization. Low-carbon production is an inevitable trend in China's current economic development. The article takes 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China as research objects, constructing and measuring indicators of digitization level and carbon emission intensity of agricultural production from 2006 to 2018. It classifies agricultural production into planting and animal husbandry and uses a basic regression model to study their dynamic relationships. A mediating effect model is used to explore the specific mechanism path of the digital economy affecting carbon emission intensity, and a regional heterogeneity analysis is conducted. The study found that: (1) The level of digitalization can significantly reduce the carbon intensity of agricultural production; (2) Digitalization can reduce China's carbon intensity by promoting the level of agricultural technological inputs, the level of human capital and the urbanization rate. (3) There are regional and sectoral differences in the impact of digitization on the carbon intensity of agricultural production. The impact on the plantation sector is greater than that on the livestock sector, and the carbon reduction effect is slightly greater in the central and western regions than in the eastern regions.
Display omitted
•The level of digitalization can significantly reduce the carbon intensity of agricultural production.•Digitalization can reduce China's carbon intensity by promoting the level of agricultural technological input.•There are regional and sectoral differences in the impact of digitization on the carbon intensity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mandatory land expropriation, resettlement and welfare loss of landless peasants have received increasing research attention. However, in most previous analyses, the loss of psychological welfare of ...landless farmers is often neglected, which may lead to biased land requisition compensation and resettlement programs and incomplete policy recommendations. This study attempts to use a three-dimensional framework of place attachment to analyze the causes of psychological welfare loss. China’s land expropriation and centralized resettlement cut off the material and emotional ties between farmers and land. Farmers’ dependence on land, or their dependence on land-dependent farming lifestyle, has been neglected in the process of land acquisition and resettlement, resulting in the loss of farmers’ psychological welfare. Based on a comparative analysis of the existing methods, this paper chooses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure the loss of psychological welfare of landless peasants
via
monetization. The feasibility of the model has been tested at a small scale in nine cities. The results show that 1) farmers have strong place attachment on agricultural land, although centralized land expropriation and resettlement have neglected this dependence and caused psychological welfare losses to landless peasants; and 2) the loss of psychological welfare of landless peasants can be measured by the CVM and presented in monetary units. The monetization measurement method in this paper still has some shortcomings and its feasibility requires more empirical tests. However, as a rare monetization measurement study, this paper can direct academic and policy attention towards this psychological welfare loss.
Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2006–2018, this paper constructed an index system of measuring green urban land use efficiency (green land use efficiency), ...including input-expected output-unexpected output (input-expected output-unexpected output) and used the unexpected output-SBM model to calculate the green land use efficiency of the region. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban land green use efficiency in this area were studied by the Dagum Gini coefficient, decomposition, and exploratory spatial data analysis. The results show that (1) the temporal evolution characteristics of green land use efficiency in the whole region of the Yangtze River Delta, provinces (municipalities directly under the central government), and cities all show an upward trend of fluctuation. Among them, the green land use efficiency of the whole region is between 0.258 and 0.377, the gap in the green land use efficiency of the provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) is accelerating, and the green land use efficiency of the cities is gradually advancing to the middle and high efficiency areas. (2) Spatial evolution: On the one hand, the spatial difference in the green use efficiency of urban land in this region is gradually expanding. On the other hand, the green use efficiency of urban land in this region has a significant positive spatial correlation, the agglomeration pattern is dominated by high agglomeration and low agglomeration, and the low high agglomeration is supplemented.
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