Primary lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Approximately 60% of lung cancer patients have distant metastasis at the initial diagnosis, so it is necessary to find new ...tumor markers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment. Tumor markers contribute to the early diagnosis of lung cancer and play important roles in early detection and treatment, as well as in precision medicine, efficacy monitoring, and prognosis prediction. The pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsy specimens determines whether there are tumor cells in the biopsy and tumor type. Because biopsy is traumatic and the compliance of patients with multiple biopsies is poor, liquid biopsy has become a hot research direction. Liquid biopsies are advantageous because they are nontraumatic, easy to obtain, reflect the overall state of the tumor, and allow for real-time monitoring. At present, liquid biopsies mainly include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, microRNA, circulating RNA, tumor platelets, and tumor endothelial cells. This review introduces the research progress and clinical application prospect of liquid biopsy technology for lung cancer.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Silicon‐based materials have shown great potential and been widely studied in various fields. Unlike its unparalleled theoretical capacity as anodes for batteries, few investigations have been ...reported on silicon‐based materials for applications in supercapacitors. Here, an electrode composed of layered silicon‐based nanosheets, obtained through oxidation and exfoliation, for a supercapacitor operated up to 4 V is reported. These silicon‐based nanosheets show an areal specific capacitance of 4.43 mF cm−2 at 10 mV s−1 while still retaining a specific capacitance of 834 µF cm−2 even at an ultrahigh scan rate of 50 000 mV s−1. The volumetric energy and power density of the supercapacitor are 7.65 mWh cm−3 and 9312 mW cm−3, respectively, and the electrode can operate for 12000 cycles in a potential window of 4 V at 2 A g−1, while retaining 90.6% capacitance. These results indicate that the silicon‐based nanosheets can be a competitive candidate as the supercapacitor electrode material.
2D Si‐based nanosheets (TSNs) are prepared as the electrode material for supercapacitors with an operating voltage up to 4 V. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the TSNs electrode has an excellent energy/power density ratio and is advantageous over those of many of the reported Si‐based and 2D materials for supercapacitor applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
With the rapid development of information technologies, various big graphs are prevalent in many real applications (e.g., social media and knowledge bases). An important component of these graphs is ...the network community. Essentially, a community is a group of vertices which are densely connected internally. Community retrieval can be used in many real applications, such as event organization, friend recommendation, and so on. Consequently, how to efficiently find high-quality communities from big graphs is an important research topic in the era of big data. Recently, a large group of research works, called community search, have been proposed. They aim to provide efficient solutions for searching high-quality communities from large networks in real time. Nevertheless, these works focus on different types of graphs and formulate communities in different manners, and thus, it is desirable to have a comprehensive review of these works. In this survey, we conduct a thorough review of existing community search works. Moreover, we analyze and compare the quality of communities under their models, and the performance of different solutions. Furthermore, we point out new research directions. This survey does not only help researchers to have better understanding of existing community search solutions, but also provides practitioners a better judgment on choosing the proper solutions.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Emerging studies have found inconsistent results on the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the ...previous findings on the preceding relationship using meta-analysis.
Previous studies on the association between cigarette smoking and dysmenorrhea, published not later than November 2019, were systematically searched, using MeSH heading and/or relevant terms, in the electronic databases of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity, whose source was explored using subgroup analysis. A pooled effect size was obtained using random effects model, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the consistency of the pooled effect size.
After a rigorous screening process, 24 studies involving 27,091 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that smokers were 1.45 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than non-smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-1.61). In addition, individuals classified as currently smoking were 1.50 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than those who were classified as never smoking (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.33-1.70), whereas being a former smoker was 1.31 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than being a never smoker (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.46). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect.
The evidence from this meta-analysis indicated a significant association between cigarette smoking (both current and former smoking) and dysmenorrhea. The adverse effects of smoking provide further support for prevention of dysmenorrhea and emphasize the need to target women.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Carbon nanotube spaced graphene aerogels have been prepared by a hydrothermal method and used for supercapacitor applications. The specific surface area and specific capacitance can be controlled by ...tuning the amount of added carbon nanotubes. The as-prepared composite aerogels retain the advantage of aerogel structure in providing macropores to ensure electrodes fast wetted by the electrolyte ions and also possess additional mesopores created by the carbon nanotube spacers for more ion adsorption. Benefited from that, the composite aerogels exhibit significantly enhanced supercapacitor properties in both aqueous and ionic liquid electrolyte. Compared with graphene aerogels, the composite aerogels show a 37% larger specific capacitance of 245.5 F g super(-1) at a current density of 2.5 A g super(1) and high rate capability of 197.0 F g super(-1) at a high current density of 80 A g super(1) in aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the composite aerogels deliver a 33% larger specific capacitance of 183.3 F g super(-1) at 0.5 A g super(1) and a high energy density of 80 Wh kg super(-1) when using an ionic liquid (F.MIMBF sub(4)) as the electrolyte.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained by processing mature coconut cores with mechanical or natural methods. In recent years, VCO has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic ...industries because of its excellent functional activities. VCO has biological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral, and also has potential therapeutic effects on many chronic degenerative diseases. Among these functions, the antioxidant is the most basic and important function, which is mainly determined by phenolic compounds and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This review aims to elucidate the antioxidant functions of each phenolic compound in VCO, and discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of VCO in terms of the role of phenolic compounds with fat, intestinal microorganisms, and various organs. Besides, the composition of VCO and its application in various industries are summarized, and the biological functions of VCO are generalized, which should lay a foundation for further research on the antioxidant activity of VCO and provide a theoretical basis for the development of food additives with antioxidant activity.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of plant tissue (including organ and cell) cultures for the production of secondary metabolites has been underway for more than three decades. Plant cell cultures with the production ...of high-value secondary metabolites are promising potential alternative sources for the production of pharmaceutical agents of industrial importance. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures (MPCSC), which are characterized with the feature of fermentation with plant cell totipotency, could be a promising alternative "chemical factory". However, low productivity becomes an inevitable obstacle limiting further commercialization of MPCSC and the application to large-scale production is still limited to a few processes. This review generalizes and analyzes the recent progress of this bioproduction platform for the provision of medicinal chemicals and outlines a range of trials taken or underway to increase product yields from MPCSC. The scale-up of MPCSC, which could lead to an unlimited supply of pharmaceuticals, including strategies to overcome and solution of the associated challenges, is discussed.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new and efficient method is developed for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles in good to excellent yields by the condensation of diamines or ...amino(thio)phenols with in situ generated CF3CN. Additionally, the synthetic utility of the 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazole and benzoxazole products is demonstrated via gram scale synthesis. The mechanistic study suggests that the reaction proceeds via the nucleophilic addition of trifluoroacetonitrile to the amino group of the diamine derivatives to form an imidamide intermediate, followed by intramolecular cyclization.
In recent years, cohesive subgraph mining in bipartite graphs becomes a popular research topic. An important cohesive subgraph model
k
-bitruss is the maximal cohesive subgraph where each edge is ...contained in at least
k
butterflies (i.e., (2, 2)-bicliques). In this paper, we study the
bitruss decomposition
problem which aims to find all the
k
-bitrusses for
k
≥
0
. The existing algorithms follow a bottom-up strategy which peels the edges with the lowest butterfly support iteratively. In this peeling process, these algorithms are time-consuming to enumerate all the supporting butterflies for each edge. To solve this issue, we propose a novel online index, the
BE
-
Index
which compresses butterflies into
k
-blooms (i.e., (2,
k
)-bicliques). Based on the
BE
-
Index
, the new bitruss decomposition algorithm
BiT
-
BU
is proposed, along with two batch-based optimizations, to accomplish the butterfly enumeration of the peeling process efficiently. Furthermore, the
BiT
-
PC
algorithm is designed which is more efficient against handling the edges with high butterfly supports. Besides, we explore shared-memory parallel solutions to handle large graphs in a more efficient way. In the parallel algorithms, we propose effective techniques to reduce conflicts among threads. We theoretically show that our new algorithms significantly reduce the time complexities of the existing algorithms. In addition, extensive empirical evaluations are conducted on real-world datasets. The experimental results further validate the effectiveness of the bitruss model and demonstrate that our proposed solutions significantly outperform the state-of-the-art techniques by several orders of magnitude.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
As one of the common cancers that threaten human life, the recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer seriously affect the prognosis of patients. Although new drugs and comprehensive treatments ...have been adopted, the current treatment effect on this tumor, especially in advanced colorectal cancer, is still not satisfactory. More and more evidence shows that tumors are likely to be a stem cell disease. In recent years, the rise of cancer stem cell theory has provided a new way for cancer treatment. Studies have found that a small number of special cells in colorectal cancer tissues that induce tumorigenesis, proliferation, and promote tumor migration and metastasis, namely, colorectal cancer stem cells. Colorectal cancer stem cells are defined with a group of cell-surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD24, epithelial cell adhesion factor molecule, LGR5, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. They are highly tumorigenic, aggressive, and chemoresistant and thus are critical in the metastasis and recurrence of colorectal cancer. Therefore, targeting colorectal cancer stem cells may become an important research direction for the future cure of colorectal cancer.
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