The effect of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on degradation and preg-robbing capacity of activated carbon, which was used as a substitute of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores, was studied. ...After 14 d treatment with Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the degradation rate of activated carbon reached 27.59%. The XRD and FTIR analyses indicate that Phanerochaete chrysosporium can distort the micro-crystalline structure of activated carbon, increase the number of oxygen-containing groups and aliphatics and make the aromatic structures be oxidized and exfoliated. The gold-adsorption tests show that Phanerochaete chrysosporium can reduce the preg-robbing capacity of activated carbon by 12.88%. This indicates that Phanerochaete chrysosporium is an available microorganism, and it can be employed to reduce the preg-robbing capacity of carbonaceous matter and improve the gold leaching rate. The combined effect of passivation, alkalization and oxidation of biological enzymes-free radicals of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on carbonaceous matter was also discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
In the present study, by complying with the panel data of China’s urban garden waste emissions from 2011 to 2019, a dynamic characteristic analysis and a temporal and spatial analysis are ...conducted on the existing status of garden waste emissions of our nation. In addition, an in-depth study is carried out on the spatial distribution characteristics of garden waste emissions. Moreover, the current situation of garden waste management in Shanghai is analysed, the lack of garden waste management in typical cities of China is explored, and a theoretical basis is laid for the government to formulate and roll out effective sustainable management of garden waste.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the use of HLA as an aqueous binder of hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA-βTCP) particles can reduce the amount of bone graft needed and ...increase ease of handling in clinical situations. In this study, HA/βTCP was loaded in commercially available crosslinking HLA to form a novel HLA/HA-βTCP composite. Six New Zealand White rabbits (3.0–3.6 kg) were used as test subjects. Four 6 mm defects were prepared in the parietal bone. The defects were filled with the HLA/HA-βTCP composite as well as HA-βTCP particle alone. New bone formation was analyzed by micro-CT and histomorphometry. Our results indicated that even when the HA-βTCP particle numbers were reduced, the regenerative effect on bone remained when the HLA existed. The bone volume density (BV/TV ratio) of HLA/HA-βTCP samples was 1.7 times larger than that of the control sample at week 2. The new bone increasing ratio (NBIR) of HLA/HA-βTCP samples was 1.78 times higher than the control group at week 2. In conclusion, HA-βTCP powder with HLA contributed to bone healing in rabbit calvarial bone defects. The addition of HLA to bone grafts not only promoted osteoconduction but also improved handling characteristics in clinical situations.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
LHQK is a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which is clinically used for acute tracheobronchitis, cough, and other respiratory diseases. Recent studies have proved that LHQK exhibits ...excellent clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). However, the corresponding mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of LHQK on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI in mice. The pathological examination, inflammatory cytokines assessments, and mucus secretion evaluation indicated that administration of LHQK ameliorated LPS‐induced lung injury, and suppressed the secretion of Muc5AC and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β) in plasma and BALF. Furthermore, the results of cell‐free DNA level showed that LHQK significantly inhibited LPS‐induced NETs formation. Western blot revealed that LHQK effectively inhibited LPS‐triggered pyroptosis in the lung. In addition, RNA‐Seq data analysis, relatively bioinformatic analysis, and network pharmacology analysis revealed that LHQK and relative components may play multiple protective functions in LPS‐induced ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by regulating multiple targets directly or indirectly related to NETs and pyroptosis. In conclusion, LHQK can effectively attenuate lung injury and reduce lung inflammation by inhibiting LPS‐induced NETs formation and pyroptosis, which may be regulated directly or indirectly by active compounds of LHQK.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Heavy metal contamination in soil, which is harmful to both ecosystem and mankind, has attracted worldwide attention from the academic and industrial communities. However, the most-widely used ...remediation technologies such as electrochemistry, elution, and phytoremediation. suffer from either secondary pollution, long cycle time or high cost. In contrast, in situ mineralization technology shows great potential due to its universality, durability and economical efficiency. As such, the development of mineralizers with both high efficiency and low-cost is the core of in situmineralization. In 2021, the concept of ‘Super-Stable Mineralization’ was proposed for the first time by Kong et al.1 The layered double hydroxides (denoted as LDHs), with the unique host–guest intercalated structure and multiple interactions between the host laminate and the guest anions, are considered as an ideal class of materials for super-stable mineralization. In this review, we systematically summarize the application of LDHs in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil from the view of: 1) the structure–activity relationship of LDHs in in situ mineralization, 2) the advantages of LDHs in mineralizing heavy metals, 3) the scale-up preparation of LDHs-based mineralizers and 4) the practical application of LDHs in treating contaminated soil. At last, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for the rational design of LDH-based mineralizer in the future.
In this study, we have for the first time demonstrated that palladium chloride (PdCl2) is an efficient catalyst for ring‐opening polymerization of cyclohexene oxide in a solvent‐free condition. The ...polymerization product was in atactic structure, and reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, time, and catalyst amount, showed effects on polymerization conversion yield, turnover number, and number‐average molecular weight of the resulting poly(cyclohexene oxide). PdCl2 catalysis follows a cationic ring‐opening mechanism. The polymerization result is highly determined by the chemical structure of the monomers.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanocellulose has gained increasing interest due to its excellent properties and great potential as a functional component or carrier in food and pharmaceutical industries. This study investigated ...the structural, thermal, and physicochemical properties of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) extracted from bamboo shoot (
Leleba oldhami
Nakal) processing byproducts. NFCs were prepared through low concentration acid hydrolysis combined with ultrasonic treatment. CNCs were further isolated from NFCs using sulfuric acid hydrolysis treatment. TEM images showed that NFC and CNC exhibited typical long-chain and needle-like structures, respectively. CNC suspension was stable due to its zeta potential of -34.3 ± 1.23 mV. As expected, both NFC and CNC displayed high crystallinity indexes of 68.51 and 78.87%, and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose during the treatments. However, the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that sulfuric acid hydrolysis decreased the thermal stability of CNCs. The improved physicochemical properties of NFC and CNC suggested their potential in various applications.
Mast cells play a central role in allergy through secretion of both preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Mast cell mediator secretion is controlled by a complex network of signaling events. ...Despite intensive studies, signaling pathways in the regulation of mast cell mediator secretion remain incompletely defined. In this study, we examined the role of calpain in IgE-dependent mast cell activation. IgE-mediated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells enhanced calpain activity. Inhibition of calpain activity by a number of calpain inhibitors reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation both in vitro and in vivo. Calpain inhibitors blocked IgE-mediated TNF and IL-6 production in vitro and reduced late-phase allergic response in vivo. Importantly, mouse calpain-1 null bone marrow-derived mast cells showed reduced IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo, diminished cytokine and chemokine production in vitro, and impaired late-phase allergic response in vivo. Further studies revealed that calpain-1 deficiency led to specific attenuation of IκB-NF-κB pathway and IKK-SNAP23 pathway, whereas calcium flux, MAPK, Akt, and NFAT pathway proceed normally in IgE-activated calpain-1 null mast cells. Thus, calpain-1 is identified as a novel regulator in IgE-mediated mast cell activation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the management of allergic inflammation.
Citrus are sensitive to boron (B)-toxicity. In China, B-toxicity occurs in some citrus orchards. So far, limited data are available on B-toxicity-responsive proteins in higher plants. ...Thirteen-week-old seedlings of "Sour pummelo" (
) and "Xuegan" (
) was fertilized every other day until dripping with nutrient solution containing 10 μM (control) or 400 μM (B-toxicity) H
BO
for 15 weeks. The typical B-toxic symptom only occurred in 400 μM B-treated
leaves, and that B-toxicity decreased root dry weight more in
seedlings than in
ones, demonstrating that
was more tolerant to B-toxicity than
. Using a 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) based MS approach, we identified 27 up- and four down-accumulated, and 28 up- and 13 down-accumulated proteins in B-toxic
and
roots, respectively. Most of these proteins were isolated only from B-toxic
or
roots, only nine B-toxicity-responsive proteins were shared by the two citrus species. Great differences existed in B-toxicity-induced alterations of protein profiles between
and
roots. More proteins related to detoxification were up-accumulated in B-toxic
roots than in B-toxic
roots to meet the increased requirement for the detoxification of the more reactive oxygen species and other toxic compounds such as aldehydes in the former. For the first time, we demonstrated that the active methyl cycle was induced and repressed in B-toxic
and
roots, respectively, and that
roots had a better capacity to keep cell wall and cytoskeleton integrity than
roots in response to B-toxicity, which might be responsible for the higher B-tolerance of
. In addition, proteins involved in nucleic acid metabolism, biological regulation and signal transduction might play a role in the higher B-tolerance of
.
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