Purpose/Significance By jointly mining multiple diaries related to National South-west Associated University (NSAU), a social network graph of NSAU that integrates information from multiple sources ...is constructed. The aim is to discover more potential social relationships through joint mining of multiple diaries, and break through the limitations of single diary social network mining. Method/Process Using multiple diaries related to NSAU from 1938 to 1941 as corpus, Python program is used to count co-occurrence relationships of characters, and Gephi is used to construct multi-diary social network graph. Through social network analysis methods, the network topology features, character centrality features and character group features based on modularity and K-core are analyzed and discussed. Result/Conclusion Compared with independent diary mining, multi-diary social network joint mining showed more obvious network structure features, more decentralized and rich social relationship information, which can
Abstract
The “seed and soil” theory of metastasis was proposed by Stephen Paget in 1889. The theory suggests that bone acts as a fertile environment (soil) for cancer cells (seeds) colonization and ...growth. The theory successfully explains how bone and breast cancer cells interact to support breast cancer cell growth within the bone microenvironment.Breast cancer cells that metastasize to bone secrete growth factors and cytokines into the bone microenvironment that promote the production of receptor activator nuclear factor κ β ligand (RANKL), which, in turn, leads to osteoclast formation. The osteoclasts then cause bone resorption and the subsequent release of growth factors, include transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) into the bone microenvironment, which further stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. Growth factors and cytokines produced by both breast cancer cells and bone cells result in a “vicious cycle” of bone breakdown: factors released from the bone promote breast cancer cell proliferation, which leads to more bone loss, and the subsequent release of more growth factors from the bone. The concept of the “vicious cycle” was proposed in 1997 by Mundy and Guise. Currently, the “vicious cycle” model provides the best description of our understanding of the interaction between breast cancer and bone. We found in miR-223 knockout mice, the bone volume of lowe limb bones is significantly lower than C57BL/6 mice (wild type), the osteoclastic resorption is more severe in miR-223 knockout mice according to H&E sections. Then, we hypothesized miR-223 may inhibit osteoclast formation. In vitro study, We found miR-223 can suppress RANKL activating osteocalst formation by targeting NF1A protein. These results indicated miR-223 may disturb the establishment of osteolytic lesion, which may destroy the “soil” in bone microenvironment. Besides, we also found in miR-223 knockout mice, the IGF-1R is over expressed and the PI3K-Akt pathway was excessively activated. miR-223 up-regulation can inhibit MDA-231 cell proliferation but enhance apoptosis, which may destroy the “seed” in bone microenvironment. In conclusion, we hypothesized that miR-223 may break the “vicious cycle” and suppress breast cancer metastasis to bone.
Citation Format: Zhen Shan, Wen Li, Ying Lin, Huijuan Zeng, Yunling Qi, Zefei Lin, Yuanjian Fan. Breaking “vicious cycle”? The role of miR-223 in breast cancer metastasis to bone abstract. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-11.
Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect atherosclerosis by regulating the physiological and pathological processes of endothelial cells; however, the role of lncRNA WEE2 antisense RNA 1 (WEE2‑AS1) in ...arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is not completely understood. The present study aimed to explore the function of lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 in human vascular endothelial cells. The results indicated that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 was significantly elevated in plasma and artery tissue samples of patients with ASO compared with healthy controls. The fluorescence in situ hybridization results suggested that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay results suggested that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 knockdown significantly promoted HUVEC viability, whereas lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 overexpression inhibited HUVEC viability compared with the negative control groups. Furthermore, analysis of the cell cycle by flow cytometry indicated that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 knockdown significantly decreased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase compared with the negative control group. However, lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 overexpression had no significant effect on cell cycle distribution compared with the negative control group. The western blotting results indicated that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated cyclin dependent kinase 1, WEE1 homolog 2 and myelin transcription factor 1, but increased the expression level of cell division cycle 25B compared with the negative control group. lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 overexpression displayed the opposite effect on protein expression. Collectively, the present study suggested that lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 was significantly upregulated in ASO and may serve a role in regulating human vascular endothelial cell viability. Further investigation into lncRNA WEE2‑AS1 may broaden the current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying ASO, and aid with the identification of specific probes and precise targeted drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of ASO.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect atherosclerosis by regulating the physiological and pathological processes of endothelial cells; however, the role of lncRNA WEE2 antisense RNA 1 (WEE2-AS1) in ...arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is not completely understood. The present study aimed to explore the function of lncRNA WEE2-AS1 in human vascular endothelial cells. The results indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was significantly elevated in plasma and artery tissue samples of patients with ASO compared with healthy controls. The fluorescence in situ hybridization results suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay results suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly promoted HUVEC viability, whereas lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression inhibited HUVEC viability compared with the negative control groups. Furthermore, analysis of the cell cycle by flow cytometry indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly decreased the proportion of cells in the G.sub.0/G.sub.1 phase and significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G.sub.2/M phase compared with the negative control group. However, lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression had no significant effect on cell cycle distribution compared with the negative control group. The western blotting results indicated that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated cyclin dependent kinase 1, WEE1 homolog 2 and myelin transcription factor 1, but increased the expression level of cell division cycle 25B compared with the negative control group. lncRNA WEE2-AS1 overexpression displayed the opposite effect on protein expression. Collectively, the present study suggested that lncRNA WEE2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in ASO and may serve a role in regulating human vascular endothelial cell viability. Further investigation into lncRNA WEE2-AS1 may broaden the current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying ASO, and aid with the identification of specific probes and precise targeted drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of ASO. Key words: long non-coding RNA, WEE2 antisense RNA 1, atherosclerosis, endothelial cell, viability, G2/M transition
We demonstrate the effects of electron-electron （e-e） interactions in monolayer graphene quantum capacitors. Ultrathin yttrium oxide showed excellent per-formance as the dielectric layer in top-gate ...device geometry. The structure and dielectric constant of the yttrium oxide layers have been carefully studied. The inverse compressibility retrieved from the quantum capacitance agreed fairly well with the theoretical predictions for the e--e interactions in monolayer graphene at different temperatures. We found that electron-hole puddles played a significant role in the low-density carrier region in graphene. By considering the temperature-dependent charge fluctuation, we established a model to explain the round-off effect originating from the e-e interactions in monolayer graphene near the Dirac point.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The motion of micro-particles with different mass flow rate in the planer turbulent jet flow has been simulated, using LES method to obtain the flow vorticity evolution and Lagrangian method to track ...micro-particles. The re- suits showed that when the flow rate is small, the particles more likely to present in the vortex periphery, the dis- tribution pattern is similar to the flow pattern. When the flow rate is high, some particles will escape from the mo- tion region to the original static region, so that in the jet region, particles are relatively evenly distributed. When the flow field is full developed, the particles average concentration in the y direction affected by the mass flow rate relative slightly, the normalized mean particles concentrations at different flow rate were similar to Gaussian shape.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Particle coagulation by Brownian motion is an important but difficult research topic.When particle volume concentration is larger than 0.1%,the classic SMOLUCHOWSKI equation is not applicative ...anymore.The high concentration coagulation,with HEINE＇s correction,source terms for the Taylor-series expansion method of moments（TEMOM） are firstly driven in this paper.Ultra-fine particle（d0？100 mm） with initial volume fraction f？1% coagulation in a planar jet turbulence flow is simulated via the large eddy simulation（LES）.The instantaneous and time-averaged particle distributions and the high concentration enhancement are given out.The particle number concentration distribution results show that the coagulation is more intense comparing to dilute case in previous research,especially near the nozzle exit.After jet flow is fully developed,the effect is much more obvious at the region between vortexes.The time-averaged γ（the high concentration enhance factor） distributes sharply and symmetrically about the jet centerline at the upstream,but becomes broad and flat at downstream where the cross-stream averaged γ fluctuates drastically.As a new attempt,this paper shows Brownian coagulation with high concentration also can be calculated via TEMOM appropriately,and the coagulation at the region between vortexes is about 1.38 times intensive of the dilute result calculated by the classic Smoluchowski theory.
Abstract
Electrons hopping in two-dimensional honeycomb lattices possess a valley degree of freedom in addition to charge and spin. In the absence of inversion symmetry, these systems were predicted ...to exhibit opposite Hall effects for electrons from different valleys. Such valley Hall effects have been achieved only by extrinsic means, such as substrate coupling, dual gating, and light illuminating. Here we report the first observation of intrinsic valley Hall transport without any extrinsic symmetry breaking in the non-centrosymmetric monolayer and trilayer MoS
2
, evidenced by considerable nonlocal resistance that scales cubically with local resistance. Such a hallmark survives even at room temperature with a valley diffusion length at micron scale. By contrast, no valley Hall signal is observed in the centrosymmetric bilayer MoS
2
. Our work elucidates the topological origin of valley Hall effects and marks a significant step towards the purely electrical control of valley degree of freedom in topological valleytronics.
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted great attention because of their rich physics and potential applications in next-generation ...nanoelectronic devices. The family of two-dimensional materials was recently joined by atomically thin black phosphorus which possesses high theoretical mobility and tunable bandgap structure. However, degradation of properties under atmospheric conditions and high-density charge traps in black phosphorus have largely limited its actual mobility thus hindering its future applications. Here, we report the fabrication of stable sandwiched heterostructures by encapsulating atomically thin black phosphorus between hexagonal boron nitride layers to realize ultra-clean interfaces that allow a high field-effect mobility of ∼1,350 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) at room temperature and on-off ratios exceeding 10(5). At low temperatures, the mobility even reaches ∼2,700 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1) and quantum oscillations in black phosphorus two-dimensional hole gas are observed at low magnetic fields. Importantly, the sandwiched heterostructures ensure that the quality of black phosphorus remains high under ambient conditions.
We demonstrate that a field-effect transistor (FET) made of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in vacuum exhibits a room-temperature hole mobility of 5200 ...cm2/(Vs), being limited just by the phonon scattering. At cryogenic temperatures, the FET mobility increases up to 45 000 cm2/(Vs), which is five times higher compared to the mobility obtained in earlier reports. The unprecedentedly clean h-BN–BP–h-BN heterostructure exhibits Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations and a quantum Hall effect with Landau level (LL) filling factors down to v = 2 in conventional laboratory magnetic fields. Moreover, carrier density independent effective mass of m * = 0.26 m 0 is measured, and a Landé g-factor of g = 2.47 is reported. Furthermore, an indication for a distinct hole transport behavior with up- and down-spin orientations is found.
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