In this paper, this research is after the process CMOS driver substrate. It is the use of A Benzocyclobutene polymer thin films planarization coating material in elements of the LED array ...manufacturing process. This CMOS driver circuit is a mode architecture that uses serial input data and parallel output data. It is the use of shift registers and latch circuit cell to form the overall system chip. The current density of the microcrystalline LED elements of each size is the same condition. The current density of a single 16 μm microcrystalline LED pixel driven by a 2.85 V drive circuit board is about 2.69 μA.
We investigated the effects of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on locomotor function, motor plasticity, and axonal regeneration in an animal model of incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). ...Aneurysm clips with different compression forces were applied extradurally around the spinal cord at T10. Motor plasticity was evaluated by examining the motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Long-term iTBS treatment was given at the post-SCI 5th week and continued for 2 weeks (5 consecutive days/week). Time-course changes in locomotor function and the axonal regeneration level were measured by the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scale, and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 expression was detected in brain and spinal cord tissues. iTBS-induced potentiation was reduced at post-1-week SCI lesion and had recovered by 4 weeks post-SCI lesion, except in the severe group. Multiple sessions of iTBS treatment enhanced the motor plasticity in all SCI rats. The locomotor function revealed no significant changes between pre- and post-iTBS treatment in SCI rats. The GAP-43 expression level in the spinal cord increased following 2 weeks of iTBS treatment compared to the sham-treatment group. This preclinical model may provide a translational platform to further investigate therapeutic mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation and enhance the possibility of the potential use of TMS with the iTBS scheme for treating SCIs.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background No large epidemiological study has been conducted to investigate the interaction and joint effects of periodontal pocket depth and hyperglycemia on progression of chronic kidney ...disease in patients with periodontal diseases. Methods Periodontal pocket depth was utilized for the grading severity of periodontal disease in 2831 patients from January 2002 to June 2013. Progression of chronic kidney disease was defined as progression of color intensity in glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria grid of updated Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) in various models were presented across different levels of periodontal pocket depth and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in forest plots and 3-dimensional histograms. Results During 7621 person-years of follow-up, periodontal pocket depth and HbA1C levels were robustly associated with incremental risks for progression of chronic kidney disease (aHR 3.1; 95% confidence interval CI, 2.0-4.6 for periodontal pocket depth >4.5 mm, and 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4 for HbA1C >6.5%, respectively). The interaction between periodontal pocket depth and HbA1C on progression of chronic kidney disease was strong ( P <.01). Patients with higher periodontal pocket depth (>4.5 mm) and higher HbA1C (>6.5%) had the greatest risk (aHR 4.2; 95% CI, 1.7-6.8) compared with the lowest aHR group (periodontal pocket depth ≤3.8 mm and HbA1C ≤6%). Conclusion Our study identified combined periodontal pocket depth and HbA1C as a valuable predictor of progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with periodontal diseases. While considering the interaction between periodontal diseases and hyperglycemia, periodontal survey and optimizing glycemic control are warranted to minimize the risk of worsening renal function.
In this study, we focused on benzocyclobutene (BCB) coatings, finger structure bonding, and adhesion observation. To investigate a microdisk laser operating at a wavelength of 1310nm, a system ...involving the use of 2mm×2mm InP laser chips (bonded using divinyl siloxane–BCB through 2cm×2cm hybrid laser processes), silicon-on-insulator wafer waveguides, a processing approach, and investigations based on chip architecture photographs was used. The I–V curve measured under the needle showed the feasibility of laser operation at a current of approximately 30mA at 1.5V. The maximum optical power was approximately 2.2μW at 40mA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Bladder dysfunction is a common phenomenon in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. A research attempt was made to analyze the voiding efficiency (VE) and bladder functions in rats with PD induced by ...unilateral or bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. PD rats were divided into unilateral- and bilateral-injected groups and subjected to rotation and beam walking tests. Further, the experimental rats underwent cystometric measurements for analyses of bladder dysfunction and VE. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to analyze the dopaminergic neuron depletion on the target area. Outcomes of the rotation and beam walking tests revealed the extent of parkinsonism in the experimental rats. Urodynamic observations denoted that rats with unilateral PD exhibited a significantly decreased VE (from 68.3±3.5% to 32.7±5.8%), while rats with bilateral PD displayed a much-reduced and substantially lower level of VE of 18.3±5.1% compared to the control value and to that of rats with unilateral PD. Rats with bilateral PD showed more-extensive behavioral deficits and urodynamic changes than did rats with unilateral PD. These significant changes in motor, behavioral, bladder function and VE were due to an extensive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region on both sides of the brain. The obtained results were substantiated with appropriate immunohistochemical results.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Infrared thermography can be applied in different medical systems, for example it can be used to catch the images of living blood vessels. Far infrared rays can be used in a heating machine, which ...can be applied in the clinical hemodialysis patients. Infrared electronically sensitized images, which are generated by near-infrared Charge-coupled Device (CCD), are used to detect blood vessels, and used as a long-wavelength external stimulating therapeutic tissue repair system. When an infrared sensor detection and actuator treatment is applied during hemodialysis, a missing needle can be detected, and far infrared rays have a therapeutic effect on blood vessels. Because a far-infrared actuated light source can improve blood circulation, it is currently used to prevent fistula embolism in hemodialysis (HD) patients and reduce vascular occlusion after hemodialysis. Sensors used for sudden changes in heart rate variability (HRV) are used as predictive and evaluation indicators for our new method. Far-infrared actuated radiation can increase sympathetic nerve activity and regulation of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. We performed baseline measurements of the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio of autonomic nerve activity before hemodialysis (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF, before HD) and after hemodialysis (LF/HF, after-HD). Based on data from the HRV continuity tracking report, 35 patients with autonomic nerve activation were treated and evaluated. We have demonstrated that the resulting near-infrared (NIR) sensor imaging and far-infrared actuator illumination can be used for the detection and treatment of hemodialysis patients.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Paired stimulation of the brain and spinal cord can remodel the central nervous tissue circuitry in an animal model to induce motor neuroplasticity. The effects of simultaneous stimulation vary ...according to the extent and severity of spinal cord injury. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the significant effects on an incomplete SCI rat brain and spinal cord through 3 min and 20 min stimulations after 4 weeks of intervention. Thirty-three Sprague Dawley rats were classified into six groups: (1) normal, (2) sham, (3) iTBS/tsDCS, (4) iTBS/ts-iTBS, (5) rTMS/tsDCS, and (6) rTMS/ts-iTBS. Paired stimulation of the brain cortex and spinal cord thoracic (T10) level was applied simultaneously for 3−20 min. The motor evoked potential (MEP) and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores were recorded after every week of intervention for four weeks along with wheel training for 20 min. Three-minute stimulation with the iTBS/tsDCS intervention induced a significant (p < 0.050 *) increase in MEP after week 2 and week 4 treatments, while 3 min iTBS/ts-iTBS significantly improved MEP (p < 0.050 *) only after the week 3 intervention. The 20 min rTMS/ts-iTBS intervention showed a significant change only in post_5 min after week 4. The BBB score also changed significantly in all groups except for the 20 min rTMS/tsDCS intervention. iTBS/tsDCS and rTMS/ts-iTBS interventions induce neuroplasticity in an incomplete SCI animal model by significantly changing electrophysiological (MEP) and locomotion (BBB) outcomes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
IIn this experimental study, we investigate the high frequency and power of near-infrared radiation embedded in impedance cardiography (ICG) with physiological signal monitoring using ...electrocardiographic (ECG) and pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensors as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic activity analyses. This high-performance sensor system has three physiological sensing channels and a drive system. This monitoring system includes ECG, SpO2, and ICG sensors, processors, wireless communication modules, and power management modules. Compared with other portable products, physiological sensors can minimize cost and space. Power consumption and function/efficiency are all very sensitive. The sampling rate of the processor is 2500/s. The wireless communication module is a Wi-Fi communication system. The power management module supplies a continuous 5 V, 3 A power supply. A cardiovascular disease treatment drive system can supply a high frequency of operation based on the multichannel data fusion of the physiological monitoring module with a cloud artificial intelligence feedback information system with output voltage and power in the range from 0 to ±52 V. The frequency is 0.3–10 MHz. The physiological signal monitoring system can operate at a frequency of 3 MHz with a voltage amplitude of ±52 V.
In this study, inkjet printing was used to produce quantitative droplets of a DNA sequence using a novel, high-density, high-resolution nano-ink inkjet chip. It contains thousands of tiny orifices ...like very tiny volcano-shaped nozzles. This technology was used to design high-speed, high-voltage drive circuit systems. This chip integrates digital circuits, an optoelectronic thin-film process, and micro-electromechanical process technology on a single monolithic chip. The entire chip is a very large digital circuit that controls more than 1000 nano-ink nozzles. The circuit design simulates and uses a 0.18 µm line width high-voltage process to drive an array of micro-electromechanical elements. It can drive 432 nozzles very quickly within 85 µs. According to this specification, the high-precision nano-inkjet print head was extended to drive 1296 nozzles in a sequential manner. It can complete dynamic tracking measurements and analyze a low trajectory of inkjet liquid. In research and development in the field of DNA detection and medical electronics, the developed DNA spray array can be quantitatively distributed on a glass slide. This technology can be extended to high-speed, high-density nozzles and micro-liquid spray applications.
Paired stimulation can cause neuroplasticity in corticospinal and spinal pathways in subjects with a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). We aimed to know the effects of different waveforms using paired ...stimulations with bicycling in subjects with a chronic SCI.
Recruited subjects with an SCI underwent three treatment interventions in random order for 4–20 min followed by 30 min of bicycling (control, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS; rTMS) at 20 Hz with transspinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS), and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) with tsDCS with a 1-week gap period. A TMS method was employed to record the resting motor threshold (RMT), the 90% values of which was used as the stimulation intensity, and the Hoffman (H)-reflex was measured by stimulating the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The RMT, motor evoked potential (MEP) latency, MEP peak-to-peak amplitude, and H-reflex latency as primary variables and lower extremity motor scale (LEMS) and modified Ashworth spasticity scale (MAS) as secondary variables were analyzed before and after the interventions.
The MEP latency, MEP amplitude, and LEMS significantly improved with the rTMS-iTBS/tsDCS or the rTMS-20 Hz/tsDCS (p < 0.050) protocols compared to the control intervention. All other outcome measures, including RMT, H-reflex latency, and MAS score showed some changes but did not fully attain a level of significance.
The paired stimulation with rTMS-iTBS/tsDCS was equally effective to produce neuroplastic effect in subjects with chronic SCI compared to the conventional TMS-20 Hz/tsDCS intervention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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