In the context of large-scale development and clustering integration of offshore wind power， fairly and equitably recovering the transmission costs of offshore wind power integration systems and ...allocating them to wind farms has become a pressing issue in the offshore wind power industry. To address this challenge， a method for allocating fixed costs in offshore wind power integration systems， taking into account the correlation of wind power output， is proposed. Firstly， the Vine copula function is employed to construct a correlation model for the output of multiple offshore wind farms. Additionally， it is assumed that the system’s load demand model follows a normal distribution， and the generators follow a ［0，1］ probability distribution. Then， using a combination of Monte Carlo sampling and the probability flow power flow tracking method， the fixed cost allocation for each integrated offshore wind farm is calculated. Finally， through case simulation analysis， the reasonableness and effectiveness of the prop
•Chloride immobilization can be improved by adding NA into cement.•NA strengthens chemical binding by increasing the content of chloroaluminates.•NA improves migration resistance by refining the pore ...structures.
The utilization of marine resources in reinforced concrete is severely limited, due to the risk of steel corrosion caused by the introduced chloride. In order to reduce this risk, nano-Al2O3 (NA) was added into cement-based materials system by improving the chloride immobilization. The immobilized chloride ratio (ICR) of the system was evaluated, and the results indicated that the addition of NA could significantly enhance ICR. Based on the results from TG, XRD, 27Al NMR, MIP, 29Si NMR, and EDS, the mechanism behind was discussed from three aspects of chemical binding, migration resistance, and physical adsorption. The reasons for the increased ICR were as follows: a) chemical binding was promoted by increasing the amount of chloroaluminates; b) migration resistance was improved by refining the pore structure; c) physical adsorption, depending on the amount and the Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H gel, was reduced negligibly. These findings can provide guidance for the theoretical study of chloride immobilization and the application of marine resources.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Actual evapotranspiration constitutes a vital component of the exchange of energy and water vapour between the soil‐vegetation and atmospheric systems on terrestrial terrain. Nevertheless, the ...Tibetan Plateau, owing to its austere environmental conditions, harbours a scarcity of terrestrial monitoring stations. This circumstance presents a formidable challenge in attaining precise estimations of actual evapotranspiration. The complementary relationship method is a potential approach because it requires only routine meteorological data to estimate actual evapotranspiration on a regional or global scale. However, the suitability of the complementary relationship model across diverse ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau necessitates further investigation. In this study, we scrutinized the simulation of daily and monthly actual evapotranspiration across 18 observation sites spanning eight distinct land use categories on the Tibetan Plateau. We employed the polynomial generalized complementary function introduced by Brutsaert (B2015), alongside its enhanced rendition proposed by Szilagyi (S2017) and Crago (C2018). The outcomes reveal that all three models adeptly replicate the fluctuations in actual evapotranspiration, irrespective of land use category or temporal scale—whether daily or monthly. This is true regardless of whether original or calibrated parameter values are applied. However, there exist significant variations in the performance of these models. In general, the C2018 model demonstrates superior performance across most ecosystems when original parameters are employed. Following parameter calibration, the simulation efficacy of the models experienced marked enhancement. Post parameter calibration, the B2015 model outperforms the other two models notably in desert and wetland environments. Furthermore, the simulation outputs from all three models display heightened sensitivity to parameter α, particularly in the context of the C2018 and S2017 models. These findings suggest that accurate estimation of parameter values is critical to improving the accuracy of estimating actual evapotranspiration. Calibrated parameter values, contingent on a fusion of vegetation, meteorology and surface roughness, exhibit variability across diverse ecosystems.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of feeding intolerance (FI) remains unclear. Understanding the role of the gut microbiota could provide a new avenue for ...microbiota-targeted therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the associations between aberrant gut microbiota and FI in very low or extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) preterm infants. In this observational case-control study, VLBW/ELBW infants were divided into two groups: FI group and feeding tolerance (FT) group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the gut microbial diversity and composition of the infants. The differences in the gut microbiota of the two groups were compared. In total, 165 stool samples were obtained from 44 infants, among which, 31 developed FI and 13 served as controls. Alpha diversity was the highest in the meconium samples of the two groups. LEfSe analysis revealed that the abundances of Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiales and
Clostridia
in the FT group were significantly higher than in the FI group. At the phylum level, the FI group was dominated by Proteobacteria, and the FT group was dominated by Firmicutes. The meconium samples of the FI group had higher proportions of γ-proteobacteria and
Escherichia-Shigella
and a lower proportion of
Bacteroides
compared with the FT group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that aberrant gut bacteria in the FI group were strongly associated with dysregulation of C5-Branched-dibasic-acid-metabolism, protein kinases, and sporulation. These findings reveal candidate microbial markers to prevent FI. Increased relative abundances of γ-proteobacteria and
Escherichia-Shigella
and decreased abundance of
Bacteroides
in meconium were associated with an increased risk of FI, while Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridiales and
Clostridia
reduced the risk of FI in VLBW/ELBW infants.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A novel ternary nanohybrid comprising Ag nanoparticles anchored on black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS) supported on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) has been synthesized for the first time. UV–Vis ...spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that BPNS with highly active P atoms on its surface served as a strong reductant to reduce Ag precursor and the emerging Ag atoms were consequently deposited on its surface. The Ag-BPNS/GO nanohybrid showed excellent photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue under solar light irradiation. Broad spectrum response of BPNS, effective trapping of the electrons of Ag nanoparticles and high stability of Ag-BPNS on GO surface contributed the enhanced photocatalytic performance. A plausible mechanism has been proposed to explain the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the Ag-BPNS/GO nanohybrid.
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•Ag-BPNS/GO was successfully synthesized for the first time.•BPNS reduced Ag precursor and Ag atoms were deposited on its surface.•Ag-BPNS/GO showed excellent activity in methylene blue degradation.•Broad spectrum response and high dispersion contributed the excellent activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Of eight leprosy susceptibility loci identified by genome-wide association studies, five have been implicated in Crohn disease, suggesting a common genetic fingerprint between leprosy and ...inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we conducted a multiple-stage genetic association study of 133 IBD susceptibility loci in multiple leprosy samples (totaling 4,971 leprosy cases and 5,503 controls) from a Chinese population and discovered two associations at rs2058660 on 2q12.1 (p = 4.57 × 10(-19); odds ratio OR = 1.30) and rs6871626 on 5q33.3 (p = 3.95 × 10(-18); OR = 0.75), implicating IL18RAP/IL18R1 and IL12B as susceptibility genes for leprosy. Our study reveals the important role of IL12/IL18-mediated transcriptional regulation of IFN-γ production in leprosy, and together with previous findings, it demonstrates the shared genetic susceptibility between infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To explore posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSD) after respiratory insufficiency in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The investigation was made with 134 adult patients with MG, after ...respiratory insufficiency, between January 2012 and January 2016 and had a return visit after one year. 134 patients finished this study and 69 patients (51.5%) had PTSD. Anxiety (HADS-A ≥ 8, HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) (OR 2.585,95% CI 1.102-6.061, p = 0.029), and depression (HADS-D ≥ 8) (OR 3.200, 95% CI 1.395-7.342, p = 0.006) were associated with greater probabilities of screening positive for PTSD. Gender, age, intubation, yearly income, marriage, inability to work, number of respiratory insufficiency episodes, education level, Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) (>20), ICU stays, having insurance, and MG-activities of daily living (ADL) (<9) were not significant predictors for PTSD. One year after a respiratory insufficiency episode, patients with PTSD experienced worse anxiety (p = 0.035), depressive disorder (p < 0.001), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) showed physical functioning (p = 0.042), role-physical (p = 0.013), social functioning (p = 0.040), and emotional-role (p = 0.034). But there were no differences in ADL, bodily pain, general health and vitality. PTSD in patients with MG is common after a respiratory insufficiency episode; anxiety and depression were both associated with greater probabilities of screening positive for PTSD.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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We present a convenient method to immobilize Au/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) within electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyethylenimine (PEI) nanofibers by in-situ reduction for catalytic ...applications. Water-stable electrospun PVA/PEI nanofibers were initially fabricated by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor. Then, the nanofibers were used as a nanoreactor to bind Au salt via electrostatic interaction with the free PEI amines, followed by NaBH4 reduction to form Au NPs. The formed Au NP-containing nanofibers were then used to bind Ag+ ions via chelation with the free PEI amines, followed by reduction with ascorbic acid to form the Au/Ag NP-loaded PVA/PEI nanofibers. The small size (4.9 ± 1.8 nm) and narrow size distribution of the immobilized Au/Ag NPs reveal that the nanofibrous structure is able to efficiently prevent the aggregation of the NPs. We then evaluated the catalytic activity and reusability of Au/Ag NP-immobilized PVA/PEI nanofiers by catalytic transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in aqueous solution. The material exhibited excellent catalytic efficiency and reusability. The developed approach could be applied to create other bimetallic NP-incorporated nanofibers for catalysis, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The paper aims at providing a framework to calculate the agro-eco-compensation standard based on the systems agro-ecological concept of embodied energy as emergy. We have proposed a calculation ...system of eco-compensation standard for sustainable agricultural development based on the convertibility between emergy and price. According to our calculation, the total energy of agricultural production in Yongding River Basin was 3.45 E + 16 Sej/ha (the unit emergy value, expressed in solar emergy joules per unit) in terms of the renewable resources, nonrenewable resources, material inputs, and service costs. The energy of renewable and nonrenewable resources was 1.59 E + 16 and 1.86E + 16 Sej/ha, respectively. The ESI (environmental sustainability index) of the study area was 0.1056, indicating that its agricultural production was in a seriously unsustainable condition. To realize the sustainable agricultural production in the watershed, the downstream governments should pay $21.81 M (¥135 million) approximately to upstream governments for water and soil conservation. The results of the present study suggested that the emergy-based calculation method of agro-eco-compensation standard is feasible to a certain degree.
Droplet-based microfluidics with the characteristics of high throughput, low sample consumption, increasing reaction speed, and homogeneous volume control have been demonstrated as a useful platform ...for biomedical research and applications. The traditional fabrication methods of droplet microfluidics largely rely on expensive instruments, sophisticated operations, and even the requirement of an ultraclean room. In this manuscript, we present a 3D printing-based droplet microfluidic system with a specifically designed microstructure for droplet generation aimed at developing a more accessible and cost-effective method. The performance of droplet generation and the encapsulation capacity of the setup were examined. The device was further applied to measure the variation in cell viability over time and monitor the cell’s blebbing activity to investigate its potential ability and feasibility for single-cell analysis. The result demonstrated that the produced droplets remained stable enough to enable the long-time detection of cell viability. Additionally, cell membrane protrusions featuring the life cycle of bleb initiation, expansion, and retraction can be well-observed. Three-dimensional printing-based droplet microfluidics benefit from the ease of manufacture, which is expected to simplify the fabrication of microfluidics and expand the application of the droplet approach in biomedical fields.
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