Solar-driven steam generation not only has a long history of application demand, but is also a new research topic due to the progress in nano-material science. Conventional solar-driven steam ...generation suffers from low efficiency and high cost in practical applications. A new type of steam generation system based on plasmonic absorption of nano-materials with a good cost-efficiency balance has emerged in the last few years. For the first time, studies on various plasmonic solar-driven steam generation systems are summarized and discussed in this review based on the types of materials used. Throughout this article, the basic concept, classification, mechanism and development of plasmonic solar-steam generation systems, as well as the factors that influence these novel systems, are clearly presented. This review provides unique insight into this rapidly developing field and sheds light on the potential of research into plasmonic solar-driven steam generation systems.
This work mainly reviewed the classification, development, influencing factors and future prospects of solar-driven steam generation systems.
The relative contributions of atmospheric fluctuations on 6 h–2 d, 2–8 d, and 8 d–1 month time scales to the changes in the air–sea fluxes, the SO circulation, and Antarctic sea ice are investigated. ...It was found that the imposed forcing variability on the three time scales creates a significant increase in wind power input, and hence an increase of about 50%, 97%, and 5% of eddy kinetic energy relative to the simulation driven by monthly forcing, respectively. Also, SO circulation and the strength of the upper cell of meridional overturning circulation become strengthened. These results indicate more dominant effects of atmospheric variability on the 2–8 d time scale on the SO circulation. Meanwhile, the 6 h–2 d (2–8 d) atmospheric variability causes an increase in the total sea-ice extent, area, and volume, by about 33%, 30%, and 19% (17%, 20%, and 25%), respectively, relative to those in the experiment forced by monthly atmospheric variables. Such significant sea-ice increases are caused by a cooler ocean surface and stronger sea-ice transports owing to the enhanced heat losses and air-ice stresses induced by the atmospheric variability at 6 h–2 d and 2–8 d, while the effects of the variability at 8 d–1 month are rather weak. The influences of atmospheric variability found here mainly result from wind fluctuations. Our findings in this study indicate the importance of properly resolving high-frequency atmospheric variability in modeling studies.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The mechanical influences involved in the interaction between the Antarctic sea ice and ocean surface current (OSC) on the subpolar Southern Ocean have been systematically investigated for the first ...time by conducting two simulations that include and exclude the OSC in the calculation of the ice-ocean stress (IOS), using an eddy-permitting coupled ocean-sea ice global model. By comparing the results of these two experiments, significant increases of 5%, 27%, and 24%, were found in the subpolar Southern Ocean when excluding the OSC in the IOS calculation for the ocean surface stress, upwelling, and downwelling, respectively. Excluding the OSC in the IOS calculation also visibly strengthens the total mechanical energy input to the OSC by about 16%, and increases the eddy kinetic energy and mean kinetic energy by about 38% and 12%, respectively. Moreover, the response of the meridional overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean yields respective increases of about 16% and 15% for the upper and lower branches; and the subpolar gyres are also found to considerably intensify, by about 12%, 11%, and 11% in the Weddell Gyre, the Ross Gyre, and the Australian-Antarctic Gyre, respectively. The strengthened ocean circulations and Ekman pumping result in a warmer sea surface temperature (SST), and hence an incremental surface heat loss. The increased sea ice drift and warm SST lead to an expansion of the sea ice area and a reduction of sea ice volume. These results emphasize the importance of OSCs in the air-sea-ice interactions on the global ocean circulations and the mass balance of Antarctic ice shelves, and this component may become more significant as the rapid change of Antarctic sea ice.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
Background
This study performed a randomized trial data meta-analysis to assess The Modified Brostrom-Gould (MBG) for proven chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).
Methods
All published ...randomized clinical trials comparing MBG and other operations were found by searching the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used to compare the two groups regarding postoperative functional score, ankle stability, and complications. Risk Ratio (RR) and Mean Differences (MD) were used in meta-analyses.
Results
8 experiments are suitable for it, 426 patients were enrolled, and 222 patients underwent other operations surgery. Among the six outcome indicators, in terms of FAOS scores, the other operations group has an advantage, 6.53 points higher than MBG; others show no significant differences.
Conclusions
Based on this meta-analysis, the authors believe that other surgical groups can achieve better outcomes than MBG in some aspects of CLAI treatment.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The simulated Arctic sea ice drift and its relationship with the near-surface wind and surface ocean current during 1979–2014 in nine models from China that participated in the sixth phase of the ...Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are examined by comparison with observational and reanalysis datasets. Most of the models reasonably represent the Beaufort Gyre (BG) and Transpolar Drift Stream (TDS) in the spatial patterns of their long-term mean sea ice drift, while the detailed location, extent, and strength of the BG and TDS vary among the models. About two-thirds of the models agree with the observation/reanalysis in the sense that the sea ice drift pattern is consistent with the near-surface wind pattern. About the same proportion of models shows that the sea ice drift pattern is consistent with the surface ocean current pattern. In the observation/reanalysis, however, the sea ice drift pattern does not match well with the surface ocean current pattern. All nine models missed the observational widespread sea ice drift speed acceleration across the Arctic. For the Arctic basin-wide spatial average, five of the nine models overestimate the Arctic long-term (1979–2014) mean sea ice drift speed in all months. Only FGOALS-g3 captures a significant sea ice drift speed increase from 1979 to 2014 both in spring and autumn. The increases are weaker than those in the observation. This evaluation helps assess the performance of the Arctic sea ice drift simulations in these CMIP6 models from China.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Growing evidence has confirmed the critical role played by basal channels beneath Antarctic ice shelves in both ice shelf stability and freshwater input to the surrounding ocean. Here we show, using ...a 3D ice shelf-ocean boundary current model, that deeper basal channels can lead to a significant amplification in channelized basal melting, meltwater channeling, and warming and salinization of the channel flow. All of these channelized quantities are also modulated by channel width, with the level of modulation determined by channel height. The explicit quantification of channelized basal melting and the meltwater transport in terms of channel cross-sectional shape is potentially beneficial for the evaluation of ice shelf mass balance and meltwater contribution to the nearshore oceanography. Complicated topographically controlled circulations are revealed to be responsible for the unique thermohaline structure inside deep channels. Our study emphasizes the need for improvement in observations of evolving basal channels and the hydrography inside them, as well as adjacent to the ice front where channelized meltwater emerges.
At present, copper sulfide materials have been predicted as promising thermoelectric materials due to their inexpensiveness and nontoxicity property. Most researches on copper sulfide are focused on ...Cu2S and Cu1.8S because they are more easily synthesized into a single phase; however, the improper electrical conductivity greatly hindered their thermoelectric properties. In this work, a series of high-performance Cu1.9–x Ni x S (x = 0, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02) bulk samples were fabricated by accurately manipulating the ratio of Cu/S with appropriate Ni-doping. The thermoelectric properties of Ni-doped Cu1.9S were explored in detail for the first time. It can be found that carrier thermal conductivity and lattice thermal conductivity of Cu1.9–x Ni x S were effectively reduced via Ni-doping, simultaneously, without the great influence on the power factor. Here, the carrier thermal conductivity (κe) was reduced due to the extreme reduction of Hall carrier concentration. In addition, amounts of nanopores introduced by Ni-doping and complex crystal structure from the phase transition of the second phase strengthen the phonon scattering and reduce lattice thermal conductivity (κl) remarkably. As a consequence, the lowest carrier thermal conductivity and lattice thermal conductivity reach 0.006 and 1.08 W m–1 K–1 for Cu1.88Ni0.02S at 773 K, and the average ZT is about 0.39 from 323 to 773 K (the ZTmax is about 0.9 at 773 K). This work demonstrates that low-cost and easily fabricated Ni-doped Cu1.9S is a pleasurable candidate for thermoelectric application despite it usually being treated as an ion conductor.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
To solve the segmentation problem caused by the small number of feature points and the change of image brightness on the surface of the storage tank, a corrosion defect segmentation method based on ...the superpixel feature cascade is proposed in this paper. First, the image is segmented to generate superpixels and color and texture features are extracted in the superpixel region and concatenated with domain superpixel features to form superpixel level context features; Then, a plurality of superpixels are labeled according to the pixel range of corrosion defects and the labeling results are obtained; Then, the relationship between superpixels is modeled by the full connection CRF model to optimize the classification results; Finally, the classification result of the input image is refined to generate a segmented image. The effectiveness of the segmentation method is verified and analyzed by designing comparative experiments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Eco-friendly SnTe based thermoelectric materials are intensively studied recently as candidates to replace PbTe; yet the thermoelectric performance of SnTe is suppressed by its intrinsically high ...carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity. In this work, we confirm that the Ag and La co-doping can be applied to simultaneously enhance the power factor and reduce the thermal conductivity, contributing to a final promotion of figure of merit. On one hand, the carrier concentration and band offset between valence bands are concurrently reduced, promoting the power factor to a highest value of ∼2436 µW·m
−1
·K
−2
at 873 K. On the other hand, lots of dislocations (∼3.16×10
7
mm
−2
) associated with impurity precipitates are generated, resulting in the decline of thermal conductivity to a minimum value of 1.87 W·m
−1
·K
−1
at 873 K. As a result, a substantial thermoelectric performance enhancement up to
zT
≈ 1.0 at 873 K is obtained for the sample Sn
0.94
Ag
0.09
La
0.05
Te, which is twice that of the pristine SnTe (
zT
≈ 0.49 at 873 K). This strategy of synergistic manipulation of electronic band and microstructures via introducing rare earth elements could be applied to other systems to improve thermoelectric performance.
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