Highly compressible three-dimensional graphene aerogels with anisotropic porous structure are fabricated by directional freezing of graphene hydrogel using anisotropically grown ice crystals as ...templates followed by freeze–drying. The directional freezing approach endows the graphene aerogel with a high compressive strength in the axial direction and good compressibility in both axial and radial directions. The anisotropic graphene aerogel also exhibits ultralow density, excellent flexibility in liquids, satisfactory fire-resistance, and strain-sensitive electrical conductivity. After absorbing organic liquids, the aerogel can be well recycled by burning, distilling, or squeezing, which makes it promising for oil absorption with a good recyclability.
•Highly compressible graphene aerogels with anisotropic porous structure are fabricated by directional-freezing.•The directional-freezing approach endows the aerogel with an excellent compressibility in both axial and radial directions.•The anisotropic aerogel is promising for oil absorption with good recyclability by combustion, distilling and squeezing.•The aerogel exhibits ultralow density, excellent flexibility in liquid and a strain-sensitive electrical conductivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•The synthetic routes and functionalization of nanodiamonds (NDs) were introduced.•The recent progress of NDs in nanomedical applications, including bioimaging, drug delivery and ...biosensing, was summarized.•The outlook towards the future developments and applications of NDs was provided.
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have excellent mechanical and optical properties, large surface area, easy bioconjugation and high biocompatibility, which makes them especially appealing for various potential applications. In recent years, NDs have received considerable attention in nanomedicine, and some noteworthy progress has been achieved. This review summarizes the synthetic routes and unique properties of NDs. In addition, the recent progress of NDs in nanomedical applications, including bioimaging, drug delivery and biosensing, is also discussed. We further provide an outlook towards the future developments and applications of NDs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Bone metastases occur in most advanced breast cancer patients and cause serious skeletal-related complications. The mechanisms by which bone metastasis seeds develop in primary tumors and ...specifically colonize the bone remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that forkhead box F2 (FOXF2) functions as a master transcription factor for reprogramming cancer cells into an osteomimetic phenotype by pleiotropic transactivation of the BMP4/SMAD1 signaling pathway and bone-related genes that are expressed at early stages of bone differentiation. The epithelial-to-osteomimicry transition regulated by FOXF2 confers a tendency on cancer cells to metastasize to bone which leads to osteolytic bone lesions. The BMP antagonist Noggin significantly inhibits FOXF2-driven osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting the FOXF2-BMP/SMAD axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy to manage bone metastasis. The role of FOXF2 in transactivating bone-related genes implies a biological function of FOXF2 in regulating bone development and remodeling.
New MIL-101 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) dually functionalized with amino and sulfo groups were fabricated by postsynthetic modification and used to catalyze one-pot deacetalization–Knoevenagel ...condensation. We proved that the MOFs take the zwitterionic form, with the catalytic acid site being the ammonium group rather than the sulfo one. The acid and base concentrations in the materials are correlated, and the ratio can be readily tuned to achieve optimal catalytic performance.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Background
Management errors during pre-hospital care, triage process and resuscitation have been widely reported as the major source of preventable and potentially preventable deaths in multiple ...trauma patients. Common tools for defining whether it is a preventable, potentially preventable or non-preventable death include the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS
®
) clinical guideline, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Therefore, these surrogated scores were utilized in reviewing the study’s trauma services.
Methods
Trauma data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. All cases of trauma death were discussed and audited by the Hospital Trauma Committee on a regular basis. Standardized form was used to document the patient’s management flow and details in every case during the meeting, and the final verdict (whether death was preventable or not) was agreed and signed by every member of the team. The reasons for the death of the patients were further classified into severe injuries, inappropriate/delayed examination, inappropriate/delayed treatment, wrong decision, insufficient supervision/guidance or lack of appropriate guidance.
Results
A total of 1913 trauma patients were admitted during the study period, 82 of whom were identified as major trauma (either ISS > 15 or trauma team was activated). Among the 82 patients with major trauma, eight were trauma-related deaths, one of which was considered a preventable death and the other 7 were considered unpreventable. The decision from the hospital’s performance improvement and patient safety program indicates that for every trauma patient, basic life support principles must be followed in the course of primary investigations for bedside trauma series X-ray (chest and pelvis) and FAST scan in the resuscitation room by a person who meets the criteria for trauma team activation recommended by ATLS
®
.
Conclusion
Mechanisms to rectify errors in the management of multiple trauma patients are essential for improving the quality of trauma care. Regular auditing in the trauma service is one of the most important parts of performance improvement and patient safety program, and it should be well established by every major trauma center in Mainland China. It can enhance the trauma management processes, decision-making skills and practical skills, thereby continuously improving quality and reducing mortality of this group of patients.
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EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Phosphorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) have various attractive properties and potential applications, but it remains a formidable challenge to achieve large-scale phosphorescent CNDs limited by ...current methods. Herein, a large-scale synthesis method for phosphorescent CNDs has been demonstrated via precursors’ self-exothermic reaction at room temperature. The as-prepared CNDs show fluorescence and phosphorescence property, which are comparable with that synthesized by solvothermal and microwave method. Experimental and computational studies indicate that exotic atom doped sp
2
hybridized carbon core works as an emissive center, which facilities the intersystem crossing from singlet state to triplet state. The CNDs show phosphorescence with tunable lifetimes from 193 ms to 1.13 s at different temperatures. The demonstration of large-scale synthesis of phosphorescent CNDs at room temperature opens up a new window for room temperature fabrication phosphorescent CNDs.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The marine Streptomyces harbor numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with exploitable potential. However, many secondary metabolites cannot be produced under laboratory conditions. Co-culture ...strategies of marine microorganisms have yielded novel natural products with diverse biological activities. In this study, we explored the metabolic profiles of co-cultures involving Streptomyces sp. 2-85 and Cladosporium sp. 3-22—derived from marine sponges. Combining Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) Molecular Networking analysis with natural product database mining, 35 potential antimicrobial metabolites annotated were detected, 19 of which were exclusive to the co-culture, with a significant increase in production. Notably, the Streptomyces-Fungus interaction led to the increased production of borrelidin and the discovery of several analogs via molecular networking. In this study, borrelidin was first applied to combat Saprolegnia parasitica, which caused saprolegniosis in aquaculture. We noted its superior inhibitory effects on mycelial growth with an EC50 of 0.004 mg/mL and on spore germination with an EC50 of 0.005 mg/mL compared to the commercial fungicide, preliminarily identifying threonyl-tRNA synthetase as its target. Further analysis of the associated gene clusters revealed an incomplete synthesis pathway with missing malonyl-CoA units for condensation within this strain, hinting at the presence of potential compensatory pathways. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the metabolic changes of marine Streptomyces and fungi in co-culture, propose the potential of borrelidin in the control of aquatic diseases, and present new prospects for antifungal applications.
The avian immunosuppressive and neoplastic diseases caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), avian leucosis virus (ALV), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) are seriously harmful to the global ...poultry industry. In recent years, particularly in 2020-2022, outbreaks of such diseases in chicken flocks frequently occurred in China. Herein, we collected live diseased birds from 30 poultry farms, out of 42 farms with tumour-bearing chicken flocks distributed in central China, to investigate the current epidemiology and co-infections of these viruses. The results showed that in individual diseased birds, the positive infection rates of MDV, ALV, and REV were 69.5% (203/292), 14.4% (42/292), and 4.7% (13/277), respectively, while for the flocks, the positive infection rates were 96.7% (29/30), 36.7% (11/30), and 20% (6/30), respectively. For chicken flocks, monoinfection of MDV, ALV, or REV was 53.3% (16/30), 3.3% (1/30), and 0% (0/30), respectively, but a total of 43.3% (13/30) co-infections was observed, which includes 23.3% (7/30) of MDV+ALV, 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+REV, and 10.0% (3/30) of MDV+ALV+REV co-infections. Interestingly, no ALV+REV co-infection or REV monoinfection was observed in the selected poultry farms. Our data indicate that the prevalence of virulent MDV strains, partially accompanied with ALV and/or REV co-infections, is the main reason for current outbreaks of avian neoplastic diseases in central China, providing an important reference for the future control of disease.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
p53 mutations occur frequently in human HCC. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is also associated with HCC. However, it is still unknown whether these changes together ...initiate HCC and can be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy.
We generated mouse models in which mTOR was hyperactivated by loss of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) with or without p53 haplodeficiency. Primary cells were isolated from mouse livers. Oncogenic signalling was assessed in vitro and in vivo, with or without targeted inhibition of a single molecule or multiple molecules. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify biomarkers predictive of HCC. Human HCC materials were used to corroborate the findings from mouse models.
p53 haploinsufficiency facilitates mTOR signalling via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis, promoting HCC tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt reduced mTOR activity, which effectively enhanced the anticancer effort of an mTOR inhibitor. ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (Abcc4) was found to be responsible for p53 haploinsufficiency- and Tsc1 loss-driven HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, in clinical HCC samples, Abcc4 was specifically identified an aggressive subtype. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly reduced hepatocarcinogenesis triggered by Tsc1 loss and p53 haploinsufficiency in vivo, as well as the biomarker Abcc4.
Our data advance the current understanding of the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and its downstream target Abcc4 in hepatocarcinogenesis driven by p53 reduction and Tsc1 loss. Targeting mTOR, an unexpected vulnerability in p53 (haplo)deficiency HCC, can be exploited therapeutically to treat Abcc4-positive patients with HCC.
Tsc1 loss facilitates the p53 (haplo)insufficiency-mediated activation of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR axis, leading to the elevated expression of Abcc4 to drive HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice. Inhibition of mTOR protects against p53 haploinsufficiency and Tsc1 loss-triggered tumour-promoting activity, providing a new approach for treating an aggressive subtype of HCC exhibiting high Abcc4 expression.
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•Tsc1 deficiency facilitates p53 (haplo)insufficiency-mediated activation of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR axis to drive HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis.•Inhibiting mTOR activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for p53 insufficiency and Tsc1 insufficiency-driven hepatocarcinogenesis.•The oncogenic activity of the Akt/mTOR axis relies on Abcc4, which labels an aggressive subtype of human HCC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Due to the broadband response and low selectivity of external light, negative photoconductivity (NPC) effect holds great potential applications in photoelectric devices. Herein, different ...photoresponsive carbon nanodots (CDs) are prepared from diverse precursors and the broadband response from the NPC CDs are utilized to achieve the optoelectronic logic gates and optical imaging for the first time. In detail, the mcu ‐CDs which are prepared by the microwave‐assisted polymerization of citric acid and urea possess the large specific surface area and abundant hydrophilic groups as sites for the adsorption of H 2 O molecules and thereby present a high conductivity in dark. Meanwhile, the low affinity of mcu ‐CDs to H 2 O molecules permits the light‐induced desorption of H 2 O molecules by heat effect and thus endow the mcu ‐CDs with a low conductivity under illumination. The easy absorption and desorption of H 2 O molecules contribute to the extraordinary NPC of mcu ‐CDs. With the broadband NPC response in CDs, the optoelectronic logic gates and flexible optical imaging system are established, achieving the applications of “NOR” or “NAND” logic operations and high‐quality optical images. These findings unveil the unique optoelectronic properties of CDs, and have the potential to advance the applications of CDs in optoelectronic devices.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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