For years, various thawing technologies based on pressure, ultrasound, electromagnetic energy, and electric field energy have been actively investigated to minimize the amount of drip and reduce the ...quality deterioration of muscle foods during thawing. However, existing thawing technologies have limitations in practical applications due to their high costs and technical defects. Therefore, key factors of thawing technologies must be comprehensively analyzed, and their effects must be systematically evaluated by the quality indexes of muscle foods. In this review, the principles and key factors of thawing techniques are discussed, with an emphasis on combinations of thawing technologies. Furthermore, the application effects of thawing technologies in muscle foods are systematically evaluated from the viewpoints of eating quality and microbial and chemical stability. Finally, the disadvantages of the existing thawing technologies and the development prospects of tempering technologies are highlighted. This review can be highly instrumental in achieving more ideal thawing goals.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A hierarchical NiO-based nanostructure, constructed from multi-dimensional building blocks, was fabricated by a synthesis method based on electrospinning and solution phase reaction. Fe was ...incorporated into the NiO nanostructure with highly uniform distribution via ion exchange reaction. A series of Fe2O3/NiO composites with different compositions were successfully synthesized with the hierarchical architecture well preserved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were used to characterize the structure and to confirm the formation mechanism of the synthesized products. The gas sensing properties of the Fe2O3/NiO hierarchical composites were systematically investigated. The optimized composition of Fe2O3/NiO shows superior sensing performance towards ethanol, such as high sensitivity, fast response/recovery speed and good selectivity. The high gas sensing performance of the sensing material was mainly due to the completeness of the heterojunction assembly between n-type Fe2O3 and p-type NiO, as well as the amplification effect caused by assembling the heterojunctions on the nanoscale.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a combination of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of jujube stored at 1 ± 0.5°C for 40 days. ...Jujube was treated with AEW + MAP, AEW, and MAP, respectively, to identify an appropriate preservation method based on the changes of quality indicators, activities of antioxidant enzymes and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and cell membrane permeability. Results showed that the combined treatment maintained higher storage quality of jujube than the other three treatments. The combined treatment significantly suppressed softening, weight, and color loss and maintained total soluble solid and titratable acidity. Moreover, the combined treatment improved antioxidant capacity showing high levels of nonenzymatic antioxidant systems (ascorbic acid and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). These effects remarkably suppressed the increase of MDA level and cell membrane permeability, thereby inhibiting oxidative damage and alleviating quality deterioration. Furthermore, kinetic model indicated that AEW + MAP decreased rate constant of quality deterioration. Principal component analysis also showed that AEW + MAP treatment alleviated quality deterioration, with higher comprehensive score than other treatments. In summary, AEW + MAP was an effective preservation method to maintain storage quality and delay postharvest senescence of jujube.
Practical Application
In this study, a combination of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been found to have effective preservation effects on jujube. AEW + MAP treatment improved quality of jujube during cold storage mainly by enhancing antioxidant capacity. The combined treatment may provide a new preservation technology for jujube.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•This study presents a new approach for the application of shallow geothermal energy.•Difference in temperatures of heat pipe systems with different diameter of vertical part is insignificant.•The ...heat resistance of the heat pipes only accounted for approximately 1% of the total thermal resistance.•The maximum heat transfer power of the heat pipe is 202 W.
Owing to the depletion of global fossil energy and the increasing environmental awareness of environmental protection, the use of shallow geothermal energy has been receiving widespread attention. In this study, two sets of groundwater-based heat pipe (GBHP) systems were fabricated to explore the application of heat pipes in shallow geothermal energy and tested through lawn heating experiments during the winter. Results of the experiment showed that the vertical diameter of the heat pipe did not have any significant effect on its heat transfer performance, and the maximum difference in temperature between the horizontal section of the east and west heat pipes during the observation period was 1.6 °C. Furthermore, the heat pipe exhibited good isothermicity with a constant operation, with the average temperature difference between the condensation and evaporation sections were 2.1 °C. The heat pipe also exhibited good thermal conductivity, the thermal resistance accounting for only 1% of the total thermal resistance in the heat transfer process. The maximum heat transfer power of a single heat pipe was found to be 202 W. This study presents a new approach for the application of shallow geothermal energy.
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GEOZS, IJS, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with multiple characteristics are potential candidates as nanodevices for various applications. Herein, a family of 2D ScX
2
(X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers with ...functional properties are theoretically proposed to investigate their potential applications in spintronics and electronics. We show that these new nanomaterials possess ferromagnetic and semiconducting properties. The ScX
2
monolayers hold intrinsic magnetism, which is ascribed to the ionic interaction between the Sc and X atoms. The magnetism is robust under repeated applied strains, which make them promising as flexible spintronic materials. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ScX
2
monolayers present semiconducting features and ultra-mobile carrier mobilities (∼10
3
cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
) benefited from their small deformation potentials. The carrier mobilities of the ScX
2
monolayers are comparable with or more mobile than those of most 2D nanomaterials, which make them potential candidates as high-performance electronics. Our results suggest that the ScX
2
monolayers may find various applications in flexible spintronics and electronics.
The promising two-dimensional ScX
2
monolayer candidates for flexible spintronics applications.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with multiple characteristics are potential candidates as nanodevices for various applications. Herein, a family of 2D ScX
2
(X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers with ...functional properties are theoretically proposed to investigate their potential applications in spintronics and electronics. We show that these new nanomaterials possess ferromagnetic and semiconducting properties. The ScX
2
monolayers hold intrinsic magnetism, which is ascribed to the ionic interaction between the Sc and X atoms. The magnetism is robust under repeated applied strains, which make them promising as flexible spintronic materials. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the ScX
2
monolayers present semiconducting features and ultra-mobile carrier mobilities (∼10
3
cm
2
V
−1
s
−1
) benefited from their small deformation potentials. The carrier mobilities of the ScX
2
monolayers are comparable with or more mobile than those of most 2D nanomaterials, which make them potential candidates as high-performance electronics. Our results suggest that the ScX
2
monolayers may find various applications in flexible spintronics and electronics.
•Unveiled Tan sheep MB purification and confirmed identity via LC-MS/MS analysis.•NO-induced transformation in MbFeⅢ observed by UV–visible and Raman spectroscopy.•AlphaFold2 and docking simulations ...reveal stable MbFeⅡNO structure.•DFT highlights chemical stability and role of distal histidine in MbFeⅡNO.•Theoretical and experimental synergy elucidates pigment protein dynamics.
Color of meat remains crucial quality attribute that attracts attention of researchers worldwide. Various strategies have been employed to manipulate meat color by generating nitric oxide (NO), which interacts with myoglobin (Mb) to yield the pinkish-red pigment, nitrosomyoglobin (MbFeⅡNO). However, the formation mechanism of MbFeⅡNO warrants further exploration at the molecular-structural level for meat pigmentation. Here, Tan sheep Mb was purified and characterized its primary structure via LC-MS/MS, which found it to be identical to sheep Mb. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed 70.05 % α-helix content in the secondary structure of Tan sheep Mb. UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy monitored NO bonding in Tan sheep Mb, revealing that NO displaced H2O of MbFeⅢ, forming MbFeⅢNO, which subsequently transformed into low-spin six-coordination MbFeⅡNO. Additionally, three-dimensional structure of Tan sheep Mb was constructed utilizing Alphafold2, and theoretical simulations and calculations were performed through molecular docking and DFT. Results confirmed the synergistic effect of the strong metal-ligand and hydrogen bonding interactions among the NO, heme iron, and distal sites significantly contributed to the stable formation of MbFeⅡNO. Overall, this study offers a novel perspective on the mechanism of NO binding in Mb, potentially guiding the development of innovative strategies to mitigate meat color deterioration.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To investigate the changes in colour and chlorophyll levels in vacuum-precooled green beans during storage, kinetic models and shelf life prediction models of these quality indices were established ...by reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius equation. Linear regression analysis was used to study the changes in colour and chlorophyll levels during 12 d of storage at 0 °C, 5 °C, 10 °C and 25 °C, and the relationship between chlorophyll level and total colour difference (ΔE) was also determined. The results showed that the colour and chlorophyll levels retained in vacuum-precooled green beans were better than those in the control group during storage. A linear regression analysis revealed that the change rate constants of colour parameters (L*, a*, b* and ΔE) and chlorophyll levels followed the Arrhenius law dependence on temperature. Colour and chlorophyll levels were successfully described by zero-order and first-order reactions, respectively. In addition, the shelf life based on ΔE and chlorophyll level changes of 10% was similar to that at a cut-off score of 6 by sensory evaluation. It was suggested that the kinetics model could accurately predict the shelf life and changes of colour and chlorophyll levels in vacuum-precooled green beans during storage.
•Vacuum precooling resulted in higher retention colour of green beans during storage.•Kinetics modelling was used to map green beans color changes during storage.•The applicability of the Arrhenius law during storage was investigated.•Chlorophyll was a predictor of colour quality index during storage.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rational design and synthesis of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and stability are key challenges in the development of rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs). In this paper, ...tungsten carbide (WC) and Co
7
Fe
3
embedded in N,P co-doped hierarchical carbon (WC/Co
7
Fe
3
-NPHC) was prepared by using zeolite imidazolate frameworks as precursor. Density functional theory demonstrates that the mutual adjustment among the WC, Co
7
Fe
3
, and N,P co-doped carbon at the three-phase heterojunction interface makes the catalyst possess moderate adsorption strength, and greatly improves the conductivity and electron transfer rate of the catalyst. As a result, the WC/Co
7
Fe
3
-NPHC exhibits a low overall oxygen redox potential difference of 0.72 V, while the ZAB assembled by WC/Co
7
Fe
3
-NPHC as an air cathode exhibits ultra-long cycle stability of over 550 h. Futhermore, WC/Co
7
Fe
3
-NPHC can keep good charge and discharge stability at different bending angles when applied to flexible solid ZAB.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR‐HSI) with a spectral range of 900 to 1700 nm was for the first time used to predict the changes of sugar content in Lingwu jujube during storage. Monte Carlo ...method was adopted to detect outliers, and multiple scattering correction (MSC), standard normal variate transformation (SNV), and Baseline were used to optimize modeling. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), interval variable iterative space shrinkage approach (iVISSA), and interval random frog (IRF) were used to select optimal wavelengths. In addition, partial least square regression (PLSR) and support vector machine (SVM) modeling based on optimal wavelengths were compared. The results showed that 30, 30, and 24 wavelengths were selected by CARS; 106, 87, and 112 feature wavelengths were selected by iVISSA; and 96, 71, and 83 optimal wavelengths were selected by IRF for sucrose, fructose, and glucose, respectively. The CARS–PLSR models provided the best results for fructose and glucose, and iVISSA–SVM model was better for sucrose. The results indicated that NIR–HSI model may be used as a rapid and nondestructive method for the determination of sugar content in jujubes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
