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Detection of common defects on jujube based on Vis-NIR and NIR hyperpespectral imaging technique.
•Hyperspectral imaing (HSI) was used to classify different defects in jujube.•Spectra ...in Vis-NIR/NIR were extracted to identify different jujubes.•Different spectral parameters of SIMCA models were achieved.•Models based on SVM and SIMCA were developed.•It is feasible to detect defective jujubes by spectral information of HSI.
A hyperspectral imaging technique was used for acquiring reflectance images to identify common defects (bruise, insect-infestetation and cracks) on jujube fruit. Hyperspectral images of jujubes were evaluated from the regions of interest through principal component analysis (PCA) to select five optimal wavelengths (420,521,636,670,679nm) from 300 samples in the spectral region of 400–1000nm and four important wavelength (1028,1118,1359,1466nm) in the region of 978–1586nm. Compared with support vector machine (SVM) models, the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models of intact, cracked, bruised, and insect-infested jujubes based on five wavelengths in NIR showed good performance with high classification rates of 96%, 96%, 93.9% and 95.6%, respectively. This research demonstrates the feasibility of implementing hyperspectral imaging for identifying common defects and enhancing the product quality and marketability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The concrete slurry waste (CSW) produced by concrete mixing plants is a type of hazardous waste that is difficult to handle. To better recycle the CSW separated from the aggregates, this study uses a ...variety of wet-grinding processes to refine the solid in it, replaces some of the cement with the solid particles in wet grinding concrete slurry waste (WCSW), and investigates the properties of WCSW and its effect on the hydration and hardening properties of cement. The results show that a suitable wet-grinding process can ensure that the particle size in WCSW is less than 10 μm, the particle morphology is more flat, and the degree of hydration is higher. The WCSW particles can promote early cement hydration; after adding WCSW, the heat release peak of cement hydration appears earlier and more early hydration products are produced, and with the increase in the substitution amount, the promoting effect on early cement hydration will be more significant. The WCSW particles have a great effect on improving the strength of mortar, especially in the early stage. At 1 d, when the substitution amount is 7.5 wt.%, the compressive and flexural strength is increased by 43.67% and 45.04%; this is related to the filling of matrix pores and the improvement of the interface transition zone by micro- and nanoparticles. After the wet grinding of CSW, fine WCSW particles are obtained, which can improve the performance of cement-based materials by replacing cement.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the meat industry, it is essential to monitor and identify meat freshness grades due to its impact on the safety of human diets. This study aimed to identify premium, sub-fresh, and spoiled lamb ...samples using visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the range of 400–1000 nm coupled with chemometrics methods. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-CS) was utilized to select effective wavelengths for simplifying the model and increasing the calculation speed. The capabilities of the four models including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), back propagation neuron network (BP), decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) were compared to select the best identification model. The results showed that the RF model generated excellent performance, the accuracies of the training and test sets were 93% and 91%, respectively. In summary, this study showed that it was feasible to rapidly and non-destructively identify and evaluate the freshness grades of lamb using Vis-NIR.
•Vis-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics were used to determine freshness grades of lamb.•Spectral preprocessing and wavelength selection were applied to optimize the models.•The 2D-CS-RF model provided fast recognition with 91% accuracy on the testing set.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The efficient biological treatment of saline wastewater has been limited by the low activities of microorganisms under saline conditions. High salinity poses unbalance osmotic stress across the cell ...wall and even leads to cell plasmolysis. In this work, we aim to isolate salt-tolerant bacterial strains from activated sludge, and apply them for degrading chemical oxygen demand (COD) of saline organic wastewater. Two salt-tolerant strains were screened and isolated from activated sludge, which was domesticated with salty water for over 300 days. The two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus (strain A) and Bacillus anthracis (strain B) through 16S rRNA sequencing. The degradation characteristics of strain A were explored. The results showed the relative membrane permeability of strain A remained stable under high salt stress, which glycine and proline play an important role to maintain cell osmotic. The protein and soluble sugar amounts of strain were increased by higher salt concentrations. In simulating saline wastewater, the optimum culture temperature, pH, salinity, influent COD concentration and inoculation amount of strain A were 35 °C, 9, 4%, 8000 mg L
, 6%, respectively. Optimal conditions could provide guidance for the treatment of practical saline wastewater. The linear regression model of each impact factor built based on the result PB experiment revealed that cross-linking time has the most significant influence on COD removal for salt-tolerant strains. It will provide theoretical basis for biological treatment of saline organic wastewater.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
When compared with pure water, hydrogen produced by seawater electrolysis has a better practical application potential. By replacing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and competitive chlorine ...evolution reaction (ClER) with the thermodynamically favorable anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline seawater, energy-saving hydrogen production can be achieved. In this study, Fe/Co dual-doped Ni
2
P and MIL-FeCoNi heterostructures (FeCo-Ni
2
P@MIL-FeCoNi) arrays with simultaneous cation doping and hetero-engineering provide excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performance for HzOR and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater electrolyte. Overall hydrazine splitting (OHzS) in seawater is impressive, with a low cell voltage of only 400 mV required to reach 1000 mA cm
−2
and stable operation for 1000 h to maintain above 500 mA cm
−2
. As a proof-of-concept, the OHzS system can save 3.03 kW h when producing 1.0 L of H
2
when compared with the N
2
H
4
-free seawater system, resulting in energy-saving H
2
production. Density functional theory calculations show that the combination of Co-doping and the fabrication of FeCo-Ni
2
P and MIL-FeCoNi heterointerfaces can result in a low water dissociation barrier, optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy toward HER, and favorable adsorbed dehydrogenation kinetics for HzOR. This processing route paves the way for a practical approach to the efficient utilization of hydrogen, which is abundant in the ocean energy field, to achieve a carbon-neutral hydrogen economy.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The weight loss and spoilage of post-harvest fruits and vegetables (FVS) occur as a result of physiological and biological processes, the rates of which are influenced primarily by product ...temperature. In order to maintain the freshness of FVS and reduce losses, it is necessary to cool the product as soon as possible after harvest. Precooling is considered such an effective technique because it quickly removes field heat from FVS, thereby preventing deterioration and senescence. With the increasing demand for fresh FVS, the optimization of precooling technology has received extensive attention, especially the research on its basic principle, that is, the heat and mass transfer (HMT) between FVS and the precooling environment. Therefore, this paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of several main precooling techniques, their HMT processes, the research methods and detection techniques of HMT, and the simulation and application based on numerical technology. Precooling techniques include room cooling, forced-air cooling, hydrocooling, and vacuum cooling. These advanced detection techniques for HMT include magnetic resonance imaging, particle image velocimetry, infrared thermography, nuclear magnetic resonance, bioelectric impedance analysis, dilatometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray CT. HMT research mainly adopts porous media method, direct numerical simulation, cell growth simulation. Their applications focus on computational fluid dynamics and the lattice Boltzmann method. Furthermore, this paper highlights the application of the computer field in FVS precooling and provides perspectives on the directions for future research.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The discolorations or abnormal colors in meat and meat products during processing and storage have negative effects on their commercial value. In this study, myoglobin content (MetMb and OxyMb) in ...Tan mutton was rapidly detected using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) system (900–1700 nm), and built predictive models with full wavebands (FW) based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), least-squares support vector machines (LSSVM), and back propagation neuron network (BP). To reduce the computational complexity of calibration models, feature bands were obtained by bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS), variable combination population analysis coupled with iteratively retains informative variables (VCPA-IRIV), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), respectively. The optimized BP model based on feature wavebands with BOSS method selection displayed the best capability for predicting MetMb level (
R
2
C
= 0.8340,
R
2
P
= 0.8253
RMSEC
= 3.1592,
RMSEP
= 3.2918). In addition, the simplified VCPA-IRIV-BP model was significant in predicting OxyMb content with
R
2
C
,
R
2
P
,
RMSEC
, and
RMSEP
values of 0.8024, 0.8680, 3.4676, and 2.7605, respectively. Results provided a theoretical reference for rapid evaluation of myoglobin content in other animal products via NIR-HSI.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In order to prevent the low temperature degradation and improve the bioactivity of zirconia ceramic implants, TiO2 and Si-doped octacalcium phosphate composite coating was prepared on zirconia ...substrate. The preventive effect on low temperature degradation and surface morphology of the TiO2 layer were studied. Meanwhile, the structure and property changes of the bioactive coating after doping Si were discussed. The results indicate that the dense TiO2 layer, in spite of some microcracks, inhibited the direct contact of the water vapor with the sample's surface and thus prevented the low temperature degradation of zirconia substrates. The acceleration aging test shows that the ratio of the monoclinic phase transition decreased from 10% for the original zirconia substrate to 4% for the TiO2-coated substrate. As to the Si-doped octacalcium phosphate coating prepared by biomimetic method, the main phase composition of the coating was octacalcium phosphate. The morphology of the coating was lamellar-like, and the surface was uniform and continuous with no cracks being observed. It is suggested that Si was added into the coating both through substituting for PO4 3- and doping as NaSiO3.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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