Although cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a tremendously promising cancer therapy method, it remains effective only for several cancers. Photoimmunotherapy (e.g., photodynamic/photothermal ...therapy) could synergistically enhance the immune response of immunotherapy. However, excessively generated immunogenicity will cause serious inflammatory response syndrome. Herein, biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles, Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT, are reported as a novel approach to sensitize effective ferroptosis and generate mild immunogenicity, enhancing the response rate of non‐inflamed tumors for cancer immunotherapy. Fe3O4‐SAS@PLT are built from sulfasalazine (SAS)‐loaded mesoporous magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and platelet (PLT) membrane camouflage and triggered a ferroptotic cell death via inhibiting the glutamate‐cystine antiporter system Xc− pathway. Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis significantly improves the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy and achieves a continuous tumor elimination in a mouse model of 4T1 metastatic tumors. Proteomics studies reveal that Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis could not only induce tumor‐specific immune response but also efficiently repolarize macrophages from immunosuppressive M2 phenotype to antitumor M1 phenotype. Therefore, the concomitant of Fe3O4‐SAS @ PLT‐mediated ferroptosis with immunotherapy are expected to provide great potential in the clinical treatment of tumor metastasis.
A new strategy for reinforcing systemic antitumor immunity by using a biomimetic magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4‐SAS@PLT) to trigger ferroptosis is proposed, for enhancing the therapeutic effect of programmed cell death 1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Fe3O4‐SAS@PLT can repolarize tumor‐assoicated macrophages and continuously eliminate metastatic tumors by enhancing tumor‐related immune response, providing a valuable way of clinically applicable synergistic immunotherapy in cancer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a key technique for many existing and emerging applications in biomedical devices. This paper presents a novel implantable magnetic coupling resonate WPT system by ...integrating with metasurface for biological applications. The receiver element is implanted under the skin surface 3 mm and has the dual-band property for transferring power and data telemetry simultaneously. A conformal strongly coupled magnetic resonator coil is used as the transmitting coil to construct the wireless power link. In addition, we integrate the proposed WPT system with negative permeability (MNG) metasurface over the human skin surface as a miniaturized wearable device to improve the WPT efficiency. The property of the MNG and its effect on the WPT efficiency are analyzed. Considering the special implantable environment, various misalignment tolerances between the metasurface and the receiver are discussed to evaluate the coupling response of the proposed WPT system. Finally, the efficient WPT system integrating with MNG has been verified by the experimental measurements, and the measured result shows that 15.7 dB coupling enhancement can be obtained by integrating with the MNG metasurface.
Osteoclasts are the only multinucleated cells in vivo responsible for bone resorption and are vital for regulating bone remodeling and maintaining bone mass. The RAW264.7 cell line is widely used to ...study osteoclastic differentiation and biological molecular mechanism. However, protocols for inducing osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 cells vary considerably between laboratories, hindering the replication of results. Therefore, we tested the influence of culture conditions on osteoclast differentiation, including cell density and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) concentrations with or without macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect the morphology of osteoclasts. qPCR was used to detect gene expression of osteoclast-specific gene marker cathepsin K (CTSK), osteoclast transcription factors c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). The bone resorption function was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RANKL treatment increased multinucleated osteoclasts formation and increased CTSK, c-Fos and NFATc1 gene expression. Compared with RANKL treatment, M-CSF significantly decreased multinucleated osteoclasts formation, reduced CTSK gene expression and had little effect on c-Fos and NFATc1 gene expression. Concerning bone resorption activity, RANKL treatment increased bone resorption pits on bovine bone slices. Significantly higher levels of osteoclastogenesis were observed with RAW264.7-cell density of 2×104 cells/well in 24-well plates. Our results suggest that the addition of 50 ng/ml M-CSF has no positive effect on osteoclastogenesis. RANKL treatment and cell density contribute to osteoclast formation, and the optimal conditions are beneficial when exploring osteoclast function and mechanism.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Obesity associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis is considered as a worldwide public health crisis. In the meanwhile, different probiotics have demonstrated beneficial ...effects on this condition, thus increasing the interest in the development of probiotic treatments. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-obesity effects of potential probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the porcine gut. Then, it is found that L. acidophilus reduces body weight, fat mass, inflammation and insulin resistance in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), accompanied by activation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as improvements of energy, glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, our data indicate that L. acidophilus not only reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and endotoxin bearing Gram-negative bacteria levels, but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity, reduces metabolic endotoxemia, and inhibits the TLR4 / NF- κB signaling pathway. In addition, the results of microbiome phenotype prediction by BugBase and bacterial functional potential prediction using PICRUSt show that L. acidophilus treatment improves the gut microbiota functions involving metabolism, immune response, and pathopoiesia. Furthermore, the anti-obesity effect is transmissible via horizontal faeces transfer from L. acidophilus-treated mice to HFD-fed mice. According to our data, it is seen that L. acidophilus could be a good candidate for probiotic of ameliorating obesity and associated diseases such as hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and insulin resistance through its anti-inflammatory properties and alleviation of endothelial dysfunction and gut dysbiosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To further explore the state monitoring of rotating machinery, the state monitoring and fault diagnosis functions have been presented by using vibration signal feature extraction and expression ...technology. After describing the development status of vibration signal extraction and expression, the state monitoring and fault diagnosis model of rotating machinery are constructed by using this technology. Based on the algorithm flow and evaluation model, an optimization and update scheme is proposed, and an adequate evaluation model is established by evaluating the fault detection status effectively. A genetic algorithm is added to the model to assist optimization to achieve timely analysis and processing of data. In the testing of mechanical fault detection model, the efficiency of data processing and the number of fault detection are tested for vibration signal feature extraction. The test results show that the vibration signal feature extraction technology speeds up the state detection effect and the processing results are more precise.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to better monitor non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients at higher risk for HCC, there is a need for non-invasive diagnostic approaches to screen for the presence of advanced ...fibrosis in these patients. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ARFI elastography in detecting hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD patients.
Relevant studies were identified from systematic searches of several major electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials). The primary outcomes were the summary sensitivity, summary specificity, the diagnostic odds ratio, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) of ARFI elastography in detecting significant fibrosis (defined as 4>F≥2) in NAFLD patients. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy included in Systematic Review (QUADAS-2).
The summary sensitivity and specificity of ARFI in detecting significant fibrosis were 80.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.758-0.842; p = 0.0000) and 85.2% (95% CI: 0.808-0.890), p = 0.1617), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio of ARFI in detecting significant fibrosis was 30.13 (95% CI: 12.08-75; chi-squared = 14.59, p = 0.0237). The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.898 (standard error (SE): 0.031) with a Q* index of 0.830 (SE: 0.033).
ARFI elastography appears to be modestly accurate in detecting significant fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Future studies in this field should provide head-to-head comparisons of ARFI elastography versus other elastographic imaging modalities in NAFLD patients.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•New Cr modified steels resistant to corrosion are developed for steel rebar.•Cr modified steels exhibit higher chloride thresholds and lower corrosion rates.•Passive film of Cr modified steel and ...HRB400 steel are different.•Cr modified steels have longer durability than HRB400 steel.
Cr modified alloy steels using HRB400 steel as base alloy were produced by remelting in a vacuum. Their corrosion resistance were estimated by open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and immersion test in saturated Ca(OH)2 simulated concrete pore solution. The modified alloy steels exhibit higher corrosion resistance with a high chloride thresholds, lower corrosion current density and higher impedance than HRB400 steel rebar. Cr can modify the proportion of Cr element in the passive film. The immersion test showed that the new alloy steels have lower corrosion rates. The new alloy steels have longer durability than HRB400 steel.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A transparent metamaterial absorber with simultaneously high optical transparency and broadband microwave absorption is presented in this paper. Consisting of a two-layer soda-lime glass substrate ...and three-layer patch-shaped indium tin oxide (ITO) films, the proposed absorber has advantages of broadband absorption with an absorptivity higher than 85% in the range from 6.1 to 22.1 GHz, good polarization insensitiveness, a high transparency, a low profile, and wide-incident-angle stability. A prototype of the proposed absorber is fabricated and experimentally measured to demonstrate its excellent performance. The measured results agree well with the theoretical design and numerical simulations.
Recently, Ni–based layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials have attracted growing interest owing to the remarkable performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here we demonstrate the ...preparation of ultrathin Ni3FeAlx trinary LDH nanosheets with higher activity and stability than NiFe–LDH nanosheets for OER. The enhancement was derived from Al substitution, which increased the concentration of Ni3+ active sites on the catalyst surface. Besides, low-coordinated Ni and Fe atoms and defects were formed by partial etching/dissolution of Al3+ in alkaline solution, which further increased the activity towards OER. To improve the conductivity, Ni3FeAlx–LDH (x=0, 0.91, 1.27 or 2.73) nanosheets were also in-situ grown on three-dimensional-networked nickel foam. The binder-free Ni3FeAlx–LDH/Ni foam electrodes exhibited further improved catalytic performance compared to the electrodes made of powdery Ni3FeAlx–LDHs and nafion binder. The best OER performance was presented by Ni3FeAl0.91–LDH/Ni foam, showing a Tafel slope of 57mV/dec, a low overpotential (304mV) at the current density of 20mA/cm2, and a current density of 235mA/cm2 at 1.60V (vs. RHE). Furthermore, the Ni3FeAl0.91–LDHs/Ni foam electrode showed excellent long-term stability, maintaining a stable overpotential of 320mV at 20mA/cm2 after testing for 18h.
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•Al-doping ultrathin Ni3FeAlx–LDH are fabricated by hydrothermal method.•The electrochemical OER performance of Ni3FeAlx–LDH is investigated.•The Ni3FeAlx–LDH exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity.•Possible mechanism for the OER of Ni3FeAlx–LDH is proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Herein, we report a unique thermal synthesis method to prepare a novel two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanostructure consisting of ultrathin and tiny-sized molybdenum disulfide nanoplatelets ...homogeneously inlaid in graphene sheets (MoS2/G) with excellent electrocatalytic performance for HER. In this process, molybdenum oleate served as the source of both molybdenum and carbon, while crystalline sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) served as both reaction template and sulfur source. The remarkable integration of MoS2 and graphene in a well-assembled 2D hybrid architecture provided large electrochemically active surface area and a huge number of active sites and also exhibited extraordinary collective properties for electron transport and H+ trapping. The MoS2/G inlaid nanosheets deliver ultrahigh catalytic activity toward HER among the existing electrocatalysts with similar compositions, presenting a low onset overpotential approaching 30 mV, a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at ∼110 mV, and a Tafel slope as small as 67.4 mV/dec. Moreover, the strong bonding between MoS2 nanoplatelets and graphene enabled outstanding long-term electrochemical stability and structural integrity, exhibiting almost 100% activity retention after 1000 cycles and ∼97% after 100 000 s of continuous testing (under static overpotential of −0.15 V). The synthetic strategy is simple, inexpensive, and scalable for large-scale production and also can be extended to diverse inlaid 2D nanoarchitectures with great potential for many other applications.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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