Gel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention for solid-state supercapacitors. An ideal gel electrolyte usually requires a combination of advantages of high ion migration rate, reasonable ...mechanical strength and robust water retention ability at the solid state for ensuring excellent work durability. Here we report a zwitterionic gel electrolyte that successfully brings the synergic advantages of robust water retention ability and ion migration channels, manifesting in superior electrochemical performance. When applying the zwitterionic gel electrolyte, our graphene-based solid-state supercapacitor reaches a volume capacitance of 300.8 F cm(-3) at 0.8 A cm(-3) with a rate capacity of only 14.9% capacitance loss as the current density increases from 0.8 to 20 A cm(-3), representing the best value among the previously reported graphene-based solid-state supercapacitors, to the best of our knowledge. We anticipate that zwitterionic gel electrolyte may be developed as a gel electrolyte in solid-state supercapacitors.
For a class of
Λ
-Fleming–Viot processes with Brownian spatial motion in
R
d
whose associated
Λ
-coalescents come down from infinity, we obtain sharp global and local moduli of continuity for the ...ancestral processes recovered from the associated lookdown representations. As applications, we establish both global and local moduli of continuity for the
Λ
-Fleming–Viot support processes. In particular, if the
Λ
-coalescent is the Beta
(
2
-
β
,
β
)
coalescent for
β
∈
(
1
,
2
with
β
=
2
corresponding to Kingman’s coalescent, then for
h
(
t
)
=
t
log
(
1
/
t
)
, the global modulus of continuity holds for the support process with modulus function
2
β
/
(
β
-
1
)
h
(
t
)
, and both the left and right local moduli of continuity hold for the support process with modulus function
2
/
(
β
-
1
)
h
(
t
)
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A new type of high performance thermoelectric material Cu2‐xS composed of non‐toxic and earth‐abundant elements Cu and S is reported. Cu2‐xS surprisingly has lower thermal conductivity and more ...strikingly reduced specific heat compared to the heavier Cu2Se, leading to an increased zT to 1.7.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The intra- and intermolecular interactions of chitin in NaOH/urea aqueous system were studied by a combination of NMR measurements (including 13C NMR, 23Na NMR, and 15N NMR) and differential scanning ...calorimetry. The results revealed that the NaOH and chitin formed a hydrogen-bonded complex that was surrounded by the urea hydrates to form a sheath-like structure, leading to the good dissolution. The optimal concentration range, in which chitin was molecularly dispersed in NaOH/urea aqueous, was found to investigate the chain conformation in the dilute solution with a combination of static and dynamic light scattering. The weight-average molecular weight (M w), radii of gyration (⟨R g⟩ z ), and hydrodynamic radii (⟨R h⟩ z ) values of chitin were determined, and the structure-sensitive parameter (ρ) and persistent length (L p) were calculated to be >2.0 and ∼30 nm, respectively, suggesting an extended wormlike chain conformation. The visualized images from TEM, cryo-TEM, and AFM indicated that, chitin nanofibers were fabricated from the parallel aggregation of chitin chains in NaOH/urea system. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for constructing novel chitin-based nanomaterials via “bottom-up” method at the molecular level.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Programmable nonuniform deformation is of great significance for self-shape-morphing systems that are commonly seen in biological systems and also has practical applications in drug delivery, ...biomedical devices and robotics, etc. Here, we present a novel gradient four-dimensional (4D) printing method toward biomimetic nonuniform, dual-stimuli self-morphing. By modeling and printing graded active materials with water swelling properties, we can configure continuously smooth gradients of volume fraction of the active material in bilayer structures. The variation of swelling ratio mismatch between the two layers can be delicately regulated, which results in the programmable nonuniform shape transformation. The shape-shifting results can be predicted by the established mathematical model and computational simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate dual-stimuli self-morphing structures by printing the graded water-responsive elastomer materials onto a heat-shrinkable shape memory polymer, which could produce different shape changes in response to humidity and different temperatures. This method pioneers a versatile approach to broaden the design space for 4D printing and will be compatible with a wide range of active materials meeting various requirements in diverse potential applications.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Although state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries have overwhelmed the market of portable electronics as the main power source, their intrinsic limitations imposed by concerns over their safety, toxicity ...and cost have prevented them from being readily adopted by large-scale electric energy storage applications. Leveraging the new class of aqueous electrolytes of wide electrochemical stability window to resolve these concerns, we describe a new aqueous Li-ion chemistry based on LiFePO sub(4)/water-in-salt/Mo sub(6)S sub(8) that is safe, green and economical. These merits, along with superior electrochemical performances such as excellent cycling stability (>1000 cycles), both high coulombic and round-trip efficiencies, high rate capability, low self-discharge rate at the fully charged state, as well as a wide service temperature range (-20 to +55 degree C), make this new battery chemistry a promising candidate in energy storage units for large-scale applications.
Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is essential for OA progression. Previous studies have shown that circular RNAs ...(circRNAs) are involved in the pathological process of OA. CircPRKCH has been shown to be upregulated in OA chondrocytes. The present study was aimed to explore the roles of circPRKCH in vivo and in vitro models of OA and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
IL-1β-induced chondrocytes and mice injected with monosodium iodoacetate were used as OA models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression of circPRKCH, miR-145, and HGF in cartilage tissues and chondrocytes. The interaction between miR-145 and circPRKCH or HGF was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Chondrocyte apoptosis, viability, and ECM-related proteins were examined by flow cytometry, MTT assay, and Western blotting, respectively. Histopathological changes were detected by HE and Safranin O-fast green staining.
Results
The expression of circPRKCH and HGF was increased in OA cartilage tissues and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, while miR-145 expression was decreased. IL-1β induced chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. Moreover, circPRKCH promoted HGF expression and activated HGF/c-MET by directly binding to miR-145. miR-145 knockdown or HGF overexpression significantly reversed circPRKCH knockdown-mediated inhibition of apoptosis and ECM degradation in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Besides, miR-145 overexpression alleviated IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation by inhibiting HGF/c-MET. Finally, circPRKCH knockdown reduced ECM degradation by regulating the miR-145/HGF axis in an experimental OA model in mice.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that circPRKCH promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation via the miR-145/HGF axis in OA, which may provide a novel target for OA treatment.
In this study, we propose a new two-dimensional graphical representation of DNA sequence based on a choice of four horizon lines. The 2D representation is constructed in a probabilistic framework. ...Following the new approach, we perform the similarity analysis among coding sequences of the first exon of beta-globin gene from eleven species. Our results coincide with current biological analyses. We also compare our method with some existing DNA sequence comparison algorithms and find that ours is more intuitive and effective.
Recently, Influenza A virus (IAV) has been shown to activate several programmed cell death pathways that play essential roles in host defense. Indeed, cell death caused by viral infection may be ...mediated by a mixed pattern of cell death instead of a certain single mode. Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) that is mainly mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Based on the proteomic data, we wondered whether IAV causes ferroptosis in host cells. In this study, a quantitative proteomics approach based on an iTRAQ combined with LC-MS/MS was used to profile proteins expressed in A549 cells infected with H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV). Meanwhile, we measured the intracellular iron content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and lipid peroxidation in response to SIV infection. Finally, a drug experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ferroptosis on modulating SIV survival. The bioinformatics analysis revealed several proteins closely relevant to iron homeostasis and transport, and the ferroptosis signaling pathway are highly enriched in response to SIV infection. In our experiment, aberrant expression of iron-binding proteins disrupted labile iron uptake and storage after SIV infection. Meanwhile, SIV infection inhibited system the Xc.sup.-/GPX4 axis resulting in GSH depletion and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. Notably, cell death caused by SIV as a result of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation can be partially rescued by ferroptosis inhibitor. Additionally, blockade of the ferroptotic pathway by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) treatment decreased viral titers and inflammatory response. This study revealed a new mode of cell death induced by IAV infection, and our findings might improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism involved in the interaction of virus and host cells.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the three dimensional Riemannian space forms, we introduce a natural moving frame to define associate curve of a curve. Using the notion of associate curve we give a new necessary and sufficient ...condition of which a Frenet curve is a Mannheim curve or Mannheim partner curve in the three dimensional Euclidean space. Then we generalize these conclusions to the curves which lie on the three dimensional Riemannian sphere and the curves which lie in the three dimensional hyperbolic space. We also give the geometric characterizations of these curves. Our methods can be easily used to reveal the properties of the curves on space forms.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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