•The impacts of greenspace spatial patterns on LST varied among UFZs.•The major influencing factors were different from UFZ type to UFZ type.•The percentage of greenspace was consistently the ...dominant factor in all UFZs.•There were varied and practical thresholds of the percentage of greenspace.
Urban greenspace has been proven to play a significant role in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect, and many studies have provided a strong back for such a cooling effect by exploring the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and greenspace spatial patterns. However, the specific effect may be affected by the local environment, including landscape features and human activities, which are mostly related to urban functional zones (UFZs). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the diversified cooling effects of greenspace among UFZs, using Wuhan metropolitan area in China as a case study. The effect of greenspace spatial patterns on LST and the relative contributions of factors were calculated using multivariate stepwise linear regression and variance partitioning, and the threshold of the dominant influencing factor was identified by piecewise linear regression. Results revealed that: (1) Greenspace composition and configuration both affected LST, and their cooling effects varied across UFZs. (2) The major influencing factors of LST variation were different among UFZs, while the percentage of greenspace was consistently the dominant factor. (3) The practical thresholds of the percentage of greenspace for a remarkable decrease in LST variation existed in corresponding UFZs except for the industrial zone, and the thresholds differed from UFZ type to UFZ type. This study quantified the impacts of greenspace spatial patterns on LST and disclosed the difference in such impacts among different types of UFZ, which extended the understanding of UHI mitigation and further facilitated urban planners to propose targeted and effective management strategies and measures to improve the urban thermal environment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Paleogene succession of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB), a highly productive petroleum basin in northeastern China with predominantly lacustrine fill, is poorly dated at present. Here, we generated an ...internal astronomical time scale (ATS) for the Paleogene strata of the Bohai Bay Basin (Dongying Depression, Jiyang Subbasin) using multitaper method (MTM) spectral analysis of high-resolution gamma ray logs. This ATS, which extends from 66 to 23Ma, is anchored to the standard geologic time scale by calibration to the Paleogene/Neogene boundary (23.03Ma) at the top of Dongying Formation. Based on this ATS, we recalibrated the ages of biozones, rifting episodes, and paleoclimate stages within the BBB. The recalibrated ages of rifting episodes and related fluctuations in sedimentation rates exhibit a close relationship to secular variation in production rates of Pacific oceanic plateaus and spreading rates of the Southeast Indian Ridge, confirming that the subsidence history of the BBB was significantly influenced by subduction of the Pacific Plate along the eastern margin of Asia and by collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. Age recalibration also facilitated re-evaluation of the relationship of sedimentation in the Bohai Bay Basin to the Paleogene climate history of East Asia, e.g., confirming a cooling and drying trend throughout the Eocene.
•The Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) accumulated >5000m of sediment from 66 to 23Ma without major hiatuses.•At an average sedimentation rate of ~130mMyr−1, this Paleogene succession yields high temporal resolution.•Sedimentation in this lacustrine environment is sensitive to small changes in astronomical insolation forcing.•Orbital signals in gamma ray and geochemical profiles permit construction of an absolute astronomical time scale.•Recalibration of subsidence rates and basin rifting episodes document a close relationship to Indo-Pacific oceanic magmatism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
33.
CXCL8 chemokine in ulcerative colitis Zhu, Yunfei; Yang, Shihua; Zhao, Nan ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
June 2021, 2021-Jun, 2021-06-00, 20210601, 2021-06-01, Volume:
138
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and ...hematochezia are UC’s main clinical manifestations. Pathogenesis of UC has not yet been clearly elucidated, but it is considered to result from dysregulated expressions of molecules engaged in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. CXCL8 is one of the most important proinflammatory factors which play a vital role in many inflammatory diseases including UC. The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis participates in the pathogenesis of UC through multiple signaling pathways, including PI3k/Akt, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Meanwhile, more and more studies in recent years have shown that UC patients have specific non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of inflammation. In this article, we analyzed the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis related signaling pathways and ncRNAs in UC, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against UC.
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•CXCL8 plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanism of ulcerative colitis.•3 pathways (PI3K/Akt, MAPKs, NF-κB) are found to be related to CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis in ulcerative colitis.•Some non-coding RNAs affect the expression of CXCL8 in ulcerative colitis.•CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis is expected to become a promising therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
By using a presynthetically cross-linked octacarboxylate ligand, a chemically cross-linked version of the NbO-type metal–organic framework (MOF) NOTT-101 (ZJNU-80) was prepared. Single-crystal X-ray ...structure analysis showed that ZJNU-80 adopts the same topology as the parent compound NOTT-101, and the tethering groups take part in the window partition, not the cage partition. The gas adsorption studies showed that, despite the lower porosity, ZJNU-80a exhibits low-pressure gas adsorption behavior similar to that of the parent MOF NOTT-101a toward CO2, CH4, and N2 at ambient temperature because of the fact that the window partition as a result of chemical cross-linking does not almost alter the pore-size distributions. However, different adsorption behaviors toward 1-butene, a molecule with even larger kinetic diameter than that of the aforementioned adsorbates, were observed because the window partition alters the efficiency with which 1-butene molecules pack within ZJNU-80a and NOTT-101a at conditions close to saturation. This work provides a fundamental understanding on the effect of chemical cross-linking on the MOF’s structure and gas adsorption properties.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Recent studies based on proxy records and paleoclimate simulations have suggested monsoon climate in Asia as early as the Eocene. However, good proxy record of Eocene monsoon is rare in eastern Asia ...where East Asia summer monsoon prevails. Here we study middle Eocene lacustrine deposits of the Shahejie Formation in the Bohai Bay Basin in eastern China to understand middle Eocene paleoclimate and its stability. Our study integrates new δ13C and δ18O data of authigenic lacustrine carbonates, lake water salinity proxy of Mg/Ca ratio, and published carbonate minerology, chemical weathering proxy data of CIA* and Ln(Al2O3/Na2O), and lithofacies interpretations from two cores to provide new understanding of paleoclimate elements. Our results show that in most part of the record, the authigenic calcite δ18O values in laminated mudstone-dominated lithofacies display frequent variations, up to 2.9‰, while Mg/Ca ratio and dolomite content remain low and nearly stable. These features suggest frequent variations of lake water level driven by changes in runoff amount because of changing intensity of summer monsoonal precipitation during the middle Eocene. The comparison of stable isotope variation with modern precipitation stable isotope record in the study area and seasonal precipitation of the laminated lithofacies both support the interpretation of seasonal climate. We interpret that the lake water and carbonate δ18O values decreased when the East Asia summer monsoon was strong and increased when the monsoon was weak. During two periods of the studied middle Eocene interval, the lake water experienced periodic intense evaporation, causing high Mg/Ca ratios and dolomite content, and high authigenic dolomite δ18O values up to 0‰. These periodic drying events likely reflect millennial-scale droughts that are common today to the East Asia summer monsoon because of warming in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. We infer that the frequent droughts in the two periods of the middle Eocene were resulted from very warm climate during the two periods. We conclude that the East Asia summer monsoon existed in eastern China during the middle Eocene, and the climate state was not stable.
•Middle Eocene lacustrine carbonates in east Asia have frequent δ18O variations.•Two warm periods have high Mg/Ca ratios, dolomite contents, and δ18O values.•Changes in monsoon strength caused changes in lake water level and carbonate δ18O.•Periodic millennial-scale droughts maybe characteristics to the two warm periods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that occur in human foods and animal feeds, potentially threatening human and animal health. The intestine is considered as the first barrier against these external ...contaminants, and it consists of interconnected physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers. In this context, based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we summarize the literature for compromised intestinal barrier issues caused by various mycotoxins, and we reviewed events related to disrupted intestinal integrity (physical barrier), thinned mucus layer (chemical barrier), imbalanced inflammatory factors (immunological barrier), and dysfunctional bacterial homeostasis (microbial barrier). We also provide important information on deoxynivalenol, a leading mycotoxin implicated in intestinal dysfunction, and other adverse intestinal effects induced by other mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. In addition, intestinal perturbations caused by mycotoxins may also contribute to the development of mycotoxicosis, including human chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a clear understanding of compromised intestinal barrier induced by mycotoxins, with a view to potentially develop innovative strategies to prevent and treat mycotoxicosis. In addition, because of increased combinatorial interactions between mycotoxins, we explore the interactive effects of multiple mycotoxins in this review.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The influence of paleoclimate on the depositional process of lacustrine mudstone and organic matter accumulation is important to both paleoclimate reconstruction and hydrocarbon exploration. Here we ...study the lower third Member (Es3L) of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China in order to understand how paleoclimate influenced depositional processes and organic matter accumulation of lacustrine organic-rich mudstone. By combining detailed core descriptions and microscopic observations, and high-resolution mineralogical and geochemical analyses, we identified two major lithofacies, including massive calcareous mudstone and laminated calcareous mudstone, from the Luo 69 drilling core. The sedimentologic observations and changes of geochemical proxies, including detritus index, Ln(Al2O3/Na2O), B/Ga, and V/(V+Ni), suggest that the massive calcareous mudstone was deposited in a small, shallow, salt lake that was dysoxic-anoxic, and the paleoclimate in the lake catchment was cool and arid, and the laminated calcareous mudstone was deposited in a large and deep stratified lake, which has anoxic, highly saline bottom and oxic, less saline surface water, and the lake catchment was more humid and warm. The dominant lithofacies changed from laminated calcareous mudstone to massive calcareous mudstone in the studied core, suggesting that the lake became shallower and smaller when the paleoclimate became cooler and drier through time. Such a climate trend may be a response to global cooling during the middle Eocene. The average total organic content (TOC) in both lacustrine highstand and lowstand are comparable even though the lake water chemistry and amount of terrigenous input are different. We infer that the accumulation of organic matter within the lacustrine highstand was controlled by the combination of primary productivity, carbonate production, and preservation in anoxic bottom water, while accumulation within lacustrine lowstand was only controlled by primary productivity.
•Two lithofacies deposited in lacustrine highstand and lowstand were identified.•Lake became smaller, shallower, and saltier through time.•Paleoclimate in lake catchment became cooler and drier through time.•Paleoclimate controlled the evolution of lake hydrology and depositional processes.•The primary factor of organic matter accumulation changed through time.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Pan-sharpening aims at integrating spectral information from a multi-spectral (MS) image and spatial information from a panchromatic (PAN) image in a fused image with both high spectral and spatial ...resolutions. Numerous pan-sharpening methods are based on intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) transform, which may cause evident spectral distortion. To address this problem, an IHS-based pan-sharpening method using ripplet transform and compressed sensing is proposed. Firstly, the IHS transform is applied to the MS image to separate intensity components. Secondly, discrete ripplet transform (DRT) is implemented on the intensity component and the PAN image to obtain multi-scale sub-images. High-frequency sub-images are fused by a local variance algorithm and, for low-frequency sub-images, compressed sensing is introduced for the reconstruction of the intensity component so as to integrate the local information from both the intensity component and the PAN image. The specific fusion rule is defined by local difference. Finally, the inverse ripplet transform and inverse IHS transform are coupled to generate the pan-sharpened image. The proposed method is compared with five state-of-the-art pan-sharpening methods and also the Gram-Schmidt (GS) method through visual and quantitative analysis of WorldView-2, Pleiades and Triplesat datasets. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieves relatively higher spatial resolution and more desirable spectral fidelity.
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•Zein/Adzuki bean seed coat polyphenol covalent nanoparticles were formed.•The nanoparticles could stabilize astaxanthin loaded Pickering emulsion.•The Pickering emulsion had good ...resistance to salt, heating and UVlight irradiation.•Astaxanthin stability and Bioaccessibility was enhanced in Pickering emulsion.
The objective of this study was to explore the physicochemical stability and in vitro digestibility of astaxanthin (AST)-loaded Pickering emulsions stabilized by zein and Adzuki bean seed coat polyphenol (ABSCP) covalent nanoparticles. Compared to zein-alone stabilized Pickering emulsion (ZE), ABSCP fabrication improved the Pickering emulsion (ZAE) against the ionic strength and high-temperature treatment. Furthermore, the ratio of AST remaining in ZAE after exposure to high levels of UV light irradiation was higher than 90%. Due to the change in electrostatic repulsion during in vitro digestion, droplet size, zeta potential, and microstructure of ZAE changed. More importantly, the bioaccessibility of AST reached up to 58.56% ± 0.89% and 55.66% ± 1.48% for ZE and ZAE, respectively. The results indicate that ZAE may be an effective delivery system for AST or other hydrophobic bioactive compounds. This study may contribute to the protection and delivery of AST and the development of novel functional foods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel CO2 photoreduction method, CO2 conversion through methane reforming into syngas (DRM) was adopted as an efficient approach to not only reduce the environmental concentration of the greenhouse ...gas CO2 but also realize the net energy storage from solar energy to chemical energy. For the first time it is reported that gold, which was generally regarded to be inactive in improving the performance of a catalyst in DRM under thermal conditions, enhanced the catalytic performance of Rh/SBA‐15 in DRM under visible‐light irradiation (1.7 times, CO2 conversion increased from 2100 to 3600 μmol g−1 s−1). UV/Vis spectra and electromagnetic field simulation results revealed that the highly energetic electrons excited by local surface plasmon resonances of Au facilitated the polarization and activation of CO2 and CH4 with thermal assistance. This work provides a new route for CO2 photoreduction and offers a distinctive method to photocatalytically activate nonpolar molecules.
Storing solar energy: Gold enhances the catalytic performance of a Rh/SBA‐15 catalyst in the dry reforming process of methane under visible‐light irradiation (see picture). The highly energetic electrons excited by local surface plasmon resonances of gold facilitated the polarization and activation of carbon dioxide and methane under thermal conditions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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