A solar cell based on the n-MoS
2
/i-SiO
2
/p-Si heterojunction is fabricated. The device exhibits a high power-conversion efficiency of 4.5% due to the incorporation of a nano-scale SiO
2
buffer ...into the MoS
2
/Si interface. The present device architectures are envisaged as potentially valuable candidates for high-performance photovoltaic devices.
A solar cell based on the n-MoS
2
/i-SiO
2
/p-Si heterojunction is fabricated.
Abstract
Neutron stars are observed to undergo small, abrupt rotational speed-up. This phenomenon is known as glitch. In pulsar timing observations, detection of a neutron star glitch is constrained ...by the time of occurrence of the event relative to entire observing span and observing cadences, time of occurrence of preceding/subsequent glitches relative to observing cadences and the strength of timing noise. Using the Yu et al. data sets, in this paper, we analyse the observational selection in terms of detection probability. We define partial probabilities for the constraints and use the Monte Carlo method with assuming glitches distribute uniformly to solve the complete probability formula for both group case involving 157 pulsars and individual cases for each of the seven pulsars with glitch numbers ≥5. In the simulations, numerical Bayesian inference is used for glitch identification. With the derived detection probability density and observed results, we uncover glitch size probability distribution embedded in the data for both the group and individual cases. We find the most prominent correction occurred for PSR J1341−6220, in which the exponent of the power-law model varies from the observed
$+0.7^{+1.4}_{-0.7}$
to
$-0.4^{+1.0}_{-0.4}$
. We suggest observers determine the detection probability for glitch theories, e.g. the self-organized criticality.
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a promising renal marker that correlates well with the glomerular filtration rate and could allow earlier detection of impaired renal function. The main ...objectives of this study were to assess the long-term variability of SDMA in healthy dogs and examine the influence of an increased body fat percentage on the level of SDMA. Sixteen lean Beagles were randomly assigned to the control group or weight-change group in age- and gender-matched pairs. The energy intake of the control group (n = 8) was strictly regulated to maintain an ideal body weight for 83 weeks, while the weight-change group (n = 8) was fed to induce weight gain (week 0-47), to maintain stable excessive body weight (week 47-56) and to lose weight (week 56-83), consecutively. At 8 specified time points, the body condition score, body composition, glomerular filtration rate, serum concentration of SDMA and creatinine were analyzed. In the control group, the within-subject coefficient of variation, between-subject coefficient of variation, reference change value (type I error = 5%) and index of individuality were 0.16, 0.22, 0.43 and 0.73, respectively. The control group and weight-change group did not differ significantly in SDMA concentration. SDMA showed a significant negative association (coefficient = -0.07) with body fat percentage (p<0.01) in the weight-change group and a significant positive association (coefficient = 7.79) with serum creatinine (p<0.01) in the entire study population. In conclusion, SDMA concentration has high long-term stability in healthy adult dogs. For the evaluation of SDMA concentrations, subject-specific reference values are preferred over a population-based reference value seen their higher sensitivity. Moreover, an increased body fat percentage does seem to affect the serum SDMA concentration of otherwise healthy dogs, but its clinical relevance has to be clarified in further research.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with diverse physiological functions related to cellular homoeostasis, body metabolism and antioxidant defence. Se is an integral constituent of at least ...25 selenoproteins in the body that regulate cellular redox and antioxidant defence enzymes systems control free radicles of reactive oxygen species . Dietary Se plays key role in immunity, growth and fertility in chickens, which require optimum levels in their diets to maintain high reproductive and productive performance of birds. In the last decade, dietary supplementation with selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has enhanced the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, reproductive performance, egg production, immune response and antioxidant status, as well as improved the quality of meat and eggs and promoted microflora. Se has been shown to increase relative weights of immune-related organs (burse and thymus) to enhance immunity. Feeding Se-NPs can improve antioxidant status and glutathione peroxidase activities in both broilers and layers. Use of Se-NPs at 0.9 mg/kg diet in broilers improved the intestinal health via increasing the population of beneficial bacteria and producing short-chain fatty acids. This review focuses on the significance of SeNPs in poultry industry and provides insights about its comparative advantages over conventional sources of Se in poultry diets.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Based on an e+e− collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 567 pb−1 taken at the center-of-mass energy of s=4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the absolute ...branching fraction of the inclusive decay Λc+→Λ+X to be B(Λc+→Λ+X)=(38.2−2.2+2.8±0.9)% using the double-tag method, where X refers to any possible final state particles. In addition, we search for direct CP violation in the charge asymmetry of this inclusive decay for the first time, and obtain ACP≡B(Λc+→Λ+X)−B(Λ¯c−→Λ¯+X)/B(Λc+→Λ+X)+B(Λ¯c−→Λ¯+X)=(2.1−6.6+7.0±1.6)%, a statistically limited result with no evidence of CP violation.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Medical devices face nonspecific biofouling from proteins, cells, and microorganisms, which significantly contributes to complications and device failure. Imparting these devices with nonfouling ...capabilities remains a major challenge, particularly for those made from elastomeric polymers. Current strategies, including surface coating and copolymerization/physical blending, necessitate compromise among nonfouling properties, durability, and mechanical strength. Here, a new strategy is reported to achieve both high bulk mechanical strength and excellent surface nonfouling properties, which are typically contradictory, in one material. This is realized through a nonfouling polymeric elastomer based on zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine derivatives. By hiding both charged moieties of the zwitterionic compounds with hydrocarbon ester and tertiary amine groups, the bulk polymer itself is elastomeric and hydrophobic while its superhydrophilic surface properties are restored upon hydrolysis. This coating‐free nonfouling elastomer is a highly promising biomaterial for biomedical and engineering applications.
A stable nonfouling polymeric elastomer is demonstrated. This elastomer, based on zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine derivatives, requires no hydrophilic surface coating to achieve excellent nonfouling surface properties. By hiding both charged moieties of the zwitterionic compounds, a hydrophobic elastomer is fabricated; hydrolysis of its outermost surface then restores superhydrophilic and nonfouling surface properties, while maintaining excellent bulk mechanical characteristics.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
WNbMoTa refractory high entropy alloy (RHEA) with single BCC phase has high strength, high hardness and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. However, the limited plasticity greatly ...affects its engineering applications. In this work, WNbMoTaZrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0) RHEAs were prepared by vacuum arc melting. The microstructure, hardness, compressive properties and fracture behavior were characterized. The results have shown that WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs have a single BCC1 solid solution phase at low Zr content, and a second BCC2 phase appeared in the RHEAs with a higher Zr content. With the increase of Zr content, the microstructure of WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs changed to a typical dendrite structure, and simultaneously increase of strength, hardness and compressive plasticity was observed. The improvement of the mechanical properties was mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening of Zr elements, the formation of more interdendritic regions, and the refinement of dendrite structures. The deformation mechanisms of the RHEAs with increased compressive plasticity were examined using step-by-step observations and discussed related to the evolution of microstructures. The results have shown that under applied loadings, deformation bands were initiated within the dendrite regions, while the propagation of deformation bands was impeded by interdendritic regions, resulting in significantly increased compressive plasticity. The fracture mode also changed from the intergranular fracture in WNbMoTa RHEA to the transgranular fracture in WNbMoTaZr1.0 RHEA. The present work not only gives more insight into the strengthening and deformation mechanisms of the WNbMoTaZrx (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0) RHEAs, but also explores the application potential of WNbMoTa-based RHEAs.
●Effect of Zr on the phase formation of the WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs was examined.●Effect of Zr on the microstructure of the WNbMoTaZrx RHEAs was examined.●Both strength and compressive plasticity were significantly improved.●The deformation mechanisms were examined using step-by-step observations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Various yolk-shell structured particles designed for large volume expansion materials for lithium-ion storage have been reported, the cycle stability and coulombic efficiency can be effectively ...improved through such structure design. SnO2 has high theoretical capacity of 1494 mA h g−1 and 1378 mA h g−1 for lithium and sodium storage, respectively. The large volume expansion problem of SnO2 has long been considered as the primary reason for the capacity fading of SnO2 based anode materials. In this paper, the yolk-shell structured SnO2 porous nanowire has been designed, and this unique yolk-shell structure is reported as anode materials for lithium and sodium-ion storage for the first time. The yolk-shell structured porous nanowires deliver significantly improved cycle stability and coulombic efficiency as active material for both lithium and sodium-ion storage compared with that of pure SnO2 porous nanowires. It exhibits a high and stable capacity of 1150 mA h g−1 at current density of 200 mA g−1 for lithium-ion storage, and a capacity of 401 mA h g−1 at current density of 50 mA g−1 after 50 cycles for sodium-ion storage.
•A unique yolk-shell structured SnO2@void@C nanowire has been designed.•This is a unique structure as anode materials for both LIBs and SIBs.•This structure delivers significantly improved electrochemical performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract Evidence suggests that cesarean section is likely associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor hematological status in neonates. However, clinical studies have reported somewhat ...inconsistent results. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether cesarean section affects placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices. Pubmed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Ovid Databases were searched for relevant studies published before April 9, 2013. Mean differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in outcomes of interests (placental residual blood volume; hematocrit level, hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte count in cord/peripheral blood) were extracted and pooled using a random effects model. We identified 15 studies ( n = 8477) eligible for the meta-analysis. Compared with neonates born vaginally, those born by cesarean section had a higher placental residual blood volume weighted mean difference (WMD), 8.87 ml; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.32 ml–15.43 ml; a lower level of hematocrit (WMD, −2.91%; 95% CI, −4.16% to −1.65%), hemoglobin (WMD, −0.51 g/dL; 95% CI, −0.74 g/dL to −0.27 g/dL) and erythrocyte (WMD, −0.16 × 1012 /L; 95% CI, −0.30 × 1012 /L to −0.01 × 1012 /L). Subgroup analysis showed that the WMD for hematocrit in neonate's peripheral blood (−6.94%; 95% CI, −9.15% to −4.73%) was substantially lower than that in cord blood (−1.75%; 95% CI, −2.82%, −0.68%) ( P value for testing subgroup differences <0.001). In conclusion, cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery is associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor iron-related hematologic indices in both cord and peripheral blood, indicating that neonates delivered by cesarean section might be more likely affected by iron-deficiency anemia in infancy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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