Despite the importance of decision-making (DM) techniques for construction of effective decision models for supplier selection, there is a lack of a systematic literature review for it. This paper ...provides a systematic literature review on articles published from 2008 to 2012 on the application of DM techniques for supplier selection. By using a methodological decision analysis in four aspects including decision problems, decision makers, decision environments, and decision approaches, we finally selected and reviewed 123 journal articles. To examine the research trend on uncertain supplier selection, these articles are roughly classified into seven categories according to different uncertainties. Under such classification framework, 26 DM techniques are identified from three perspectives: (1) Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) techniques, (2) Mathematical programming (MP) techniques, and (3) Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. We reviewed each of the 26 techniques and analyzed the means of integrating these techniques for supplier selection. Our survey provides the recommendation for future research and facilitates knowledge accumulation and creation concerning the application of DM techniques in supplier selection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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► Changjiang water level had obvious decrease in the past 10years. ► Thelweg down cutting occurred along the river course downstream from the TDG. ► Suspended sediment flux along ...Changjiang has basically stabilized in the past 10 years. ► The riverbed deposition mode displays strong, intermediate, and weak erosion.
Under the influence of climate and human activities, fluvial systems have natural ability to make adjustments so that the river hydrology, sediment movement, and channel morphology are in dynamic equilibrium. Taking the Changjiang (Yangtze River) for example. In the early stages after the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) began operational ten years ago, the suspended sediment content (SSC) and fluxes in the middle and lower reaches of the river decreased noticeably. At present, they appear to be in a stable state on the decadal scale. Although the river runoff has not shown any trends, the water level in the river decreased appreciably in time. In the meantime, channel down cutting along the thalweg almost existed throughout the river course. The riverbed has turned from depositional before the dam construction to erosional afterwards. In other words, the riverbed had turned from being sediment sinks to sediment sources. In the main channel of the Changjiang between Yichang and Nanjing, a distance of 1300km, the riverbed sedimentation mode displays strong, intermediate, and weak erosion depending on the closeness to the TGD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A
bstract
The superconformal index of
N
= 4 super-Yang Mills theory with U(
N
) gauge group can be written as a matrix integral over the gauge group. Recently, Murthy demonstrated that this integral ...can be reexpressed as a sum of terms corresponding to a giant graviton expansion of the index, and provided an explicit formula for the case of a single giant graviton. Here we give similar explicit formulae for an arbitrary number,
m
≥ 1, of giant gravitons. We provide 1/2 and 1/16 BPS index examples up to the order where three giant gravitons contribute and demonstrate that the expansion of the matrix integral differs from the giant graviton expansion computed in the supergravity dual. This shows that the giant graviton expansion is not necessarily unique once two or more giant gravitons start appearing.
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly vascular and lethal brain tumors that display cellular hierarchies containing self-renewing tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs). Because GSCs often reside in ...perivascular niches and may undergo mesenchymal differentiation, we interrogated GSC potential to generate vascular pericytes. Here, we show that GSCs give rise to pericytes to support vessel function and tumor growth. In vivo cell lineage tracing with constitutive and lineage-specific fluorescent reporters demonstrated that GSCs generate the majority of vascular pericytes. Selective elimination of GSC-derived pericytes disrupts the neovasculature and potently inhibits tumor growth. Analysis of human GBM specimens showed that most pericytes are derived from neoplastic cells. GSCs are recruited toward endothelial cells via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and are induced to become pericytes predominantly by transforming growth factor β. Thus, GSCs contribute to vascular pericytes that may actively remodel perivascular niches. Therapeutic targeting of GSC-derived pericytes may effectively block tumor progression and improve antiangiogenic therapy.
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► Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) generate vascular pericytes to maintain tumor vessels ► Targeting GSC-derived pericytes disrupts vessel function and inhibits tumor growth ► GSCs are recruited to the perivascular niche via SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling ► Transforming growth factor β predominantly promotes GSCs to assume a pericyte lineage
In vivo lineage tracing shows that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) give rise to vascular pericytes—cells that support vessel function and hence promote tumor growth—and that targeting of GSC-derived pericytes inhibits the growth of these highly vascular and lethal brain tumors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
United Nations and World Health Organization data show a positive correlation, r = .53, p < .0001, N = 189, between COVID‐19 infection rates and the human development index (HDI). Less wealthy, less ...educated countries with lower life spans were also more successful in maintaining lower fatality rates, r = .46, p < .0001, N = 189 whereas 9 of the top‐10 countries in the world in per capita fatalities due to COVID‐19 were Western societies high in HDI. Similar positive correlations were found between COVID‐19 infection and fatality rates and a smaller sample of 76 countries measured on Schwartz intellectual autonomy (or individualism), and negative correlations of similar magnitude were found for embeddedness (or collectivism). East Asia was a global leader in preventing the spread of COVID‐19 because of a vigilant public concerned for public safety and compliant with public safety measures. African Union leaders coordinated their responses, and bought into a continent‐wide African Medical Supplies Platform that prevented panicked competition for scare supplies. Western global media and scholars have not paid attention to the successes of East Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific in fighting the pandemic. It is worth asking why this should be the case; understand the weaknesses of extreme individualism in fighting a pandemic requiring coordinated and unified public response, and consider the lessons for global scholars from the pandemic for doing research in the future.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are an increasingly important therapeutic modality that are used by clinicians on a daily basis. Unfortunately, clinicians have a limited understanding ...regarding the underlying mechanism(s) of how SERMs function and their increasingly useful role in the treatment of estrogen-responsive target tissues such as the breast, bone, vagina, uterine endometrium, and brain. This review will provide a basic understanding of our current knowledge of SERM pharmacodynamics and will highlight the clinical applications of Food and Drug Administration-approved SERMs in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms, osteoporosis, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, infertility, and breast cancer and its prevention. SERMs under development and natural phytoestrogens will also be reviewed.
Parochial trust and cooperation across 17 societies Romano, Angelo; Balliet, Daniel; Yamagishi, Toshio ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2017, Volume:
114, Issue:
48
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
International challenges such as climate change, poverty, and intergroup conflict require countries to cooperate to solve these complex problems. However, the political tide in many countries has ...shifted inward, with skepticism and reluctance to cooperate with other countries. Thus, cross-societal investigations are needed to test theory about trust and cooperation within and between groups. We conducted an experimental study in 17 countries designed to test several theories that explain why, who, and where people trust and cooperate more with ingroup members, compared with outgroup members. The experiment involved several interactions in the trust game, either as a trustor or trustee. We manipulated partner group membership in the trust game (ingroup, outgroup, or unknown) and if their reputation was at stake during the interaction. In addition to the standard finding that participants trust and cooperate more with ingroup than outgroup members, we obtained findings that reputational concerns play a decisive role for promoting trust and cooperation universally across societies. Furthermore, men discriminated more in favor of their ingroup than women. Individual differences in cooperative preferences, as measured by social value orientation, predicted cooperation with both ingroup and outgroup members. Finally, we did not find support for three theories about the cross-societal conditions that influence the degree of ingroup favoritism observed across societies (e.g., material security, religiosity, and pathogen stress). We discuss the implications for promoting cooperation within and between countries.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•This paper firstly studied the link prediction ensemble for local information based algorithms.•The integration of individual algorithms is finished via OWA operator.•Experimental results reveal the ...better performances of our proposed link prediction ensemble algorithm.
The objective of link prediction for social network is to estimate the likelihood that a link exists between two nodes. Although there are many local information-based algorithms which have been proposed to handle this essential problem in the social network analysis, the empirical observations show that the stability of local information-based algorithm is usually very low, i.e., the variabilities of local information-based algorithms are high. Thus, motivated by obtaining a stable link predictor with low variance, this paper proposes a kind of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator based link prediction ensemble algorithm (LPEOWA) for social network by assigning the aggregation weights for nine local information-based link prediction algorithms with three different OWA operators. The finally experimental results on benchmark social network datasets show that LPEOWA obtains a more stable prediction performance and considerably improves the prediction accuracy which is measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in comparison with nine individual prediction algorithms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Cooperation within and across borders is of paramount importance for the provision of public goods. Parochialism - the tendency to cooperate more with ingroup than outgroup members - limits ...contributions to global public goods. National parochialism (i.e., greater cooperation among members of the same nation) could vary across nations and has been hypothesized to be associated with rule of law, exposure to world religions, relational mobility and pathogen stress. We conduct an experiment in participants from 42 nations (N = 18,411), and observe cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma with ingroup, outgroup, and unidentified partners. We observe that national parochialism is a ubiquitous phenomenon: it is present to a similar degree across the nations studied here, is independent of cultural distance, and occurs both when decisions are private or public. These findings inform existing theories of parochialism and suggest it may be an obstacle to the provision of global public goods.
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