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•Low MW polysaccharides（PSP3） from S. platensis were prepared and the properties were characterized.•PSP3 inhibited α-glucosidase and enhanced the glucose uptake capacity of 3T3-L1 ...preadipocytes in vitro.•PSP3 regulated glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice in vivo.•PSP3 alleviated diabetic by regulating liver function parameters and antioxidant system activity.
In this study, the structure, composition, cytotoxicity, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from Spirulina platensis (PSP1) and its degradation fragments (PSP2, PSP3) were assessed. Structurally, PSP was identified as a sulfated α-pyranose. All three tested polysaccharides were found to inhibit α-glucosidase, with the small-molecule polysaccharide PSP3 exhibiting the best efficacy in this context. MTT assays indicated that none of the tested polysaccharides exhibited cytotoxic activity when used to treat 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, whereas all three were able to enhance the glucose uptake capacity of these cells in a model of insulin resistance and PSP3 exhibited the best in vitro hypoglycemic activity. In vivo hypoglycemic activity of PSP3 indicated that its oral administration alleviated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in STZ-induced diabetic mice, PSP3 alleviating insulin resistance in diabetic mice while also improving liver function parameters and antioxidant system activity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objective
Exercise has beneficial effects on mood and anxiety symptoms. However, the impact of aquatic exercise on mood and anxiety symptoms has not been clearly confirmed. Therefore, this study ...aimed to synthesize and systematically analyze evidence available on boosting mental health through aquatic exercise.
Method
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted under the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, BIOSIS Previews, PsycINFO, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Education Source, and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) were searched in May 2022. The research included the influence of aquatic exercises on mood and anxiety symptoms. After assessing trial quality and completing data extraction, a meta-analysis was carried out through R software. The results were presented as a standardized mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval.
Results
A total of 18 original trials were included. People who received aquatic exercise intervention had a statistically significant reduction in mental disorder symptoms compared with before. The results were aquatic exercise SMD = −0.77, 95% CI (−1.08, −0.47), I
2
= 77%,
P
< 0.01, swimming SMD = −0.51, 95% CI (−1.14, 0.12), I
2
= 78%,
P
< 0.01, aquatic aerobics SMD = −0.92, 95% CI (−1.32, −0.53), I
2
= 78%,
P
< 0.01, moderate intensity SMD = −0.75, 95% CI (−1.07, −0.43), I
2
= 67%,
P
< 0.01, and low intensity SMD = −1.07, 95% CI (−1.08, −0.47), I
2
= 85%,
P
< 0.01.
Conclusion
Aquatic exercise could statistically significantly improve mental health. Light aquatic aerobics probably has a better effect on mood and anxiety symptoms. However, given the number and quality of included research, verifying the aforementioned conclusions requires a larger sample of high-quality studies.
The inhibitory effects of baijiu vinasse extract and its phenolic acid compounds on the
-carboxymethyllysine (CML) formation from dairy food were investigated. The inhibitory effect of the baijiu ...vinasse extract against CML formation was 43.2% in the casein and D-glucose model, which used 6 mL of the 70% acetone extract at 60 °C for 40 min. The HPLC-MS/MS profiles of the vinasse extract indicated that vanillic, chlorogenic,
-coumaric, sinapic, caffeic, ferulic, and syringic acids were seven major phenolic acid compounds. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanism of the phenolic acid compounds in the model of dairy food was discussed by the trapping and scavenging of glyoxal. The results of this study exhibit that seven major antioxidant phenolic acid compounds may play important roles in the antioxidant activity and CML inhibition of the vinasse extract in a model of dairy foods.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network, the original network structure of the distribution network has been changed. In addition, the randomness ...and intermittency of renewable power generation will also have an impact on the voltage and power flow of the distribution network. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a reactive power optimization control method for distribution network with DGs based on second-order oscillating particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a constriction factor. Considering the economic operation of the distribution network, the proposed control method realizes the coordinated operation of the DGs and battery group with the conventional static reactive power compensation device, so as to improve the voltage quality of the distribution network and reduce the system network loss. At the same time, an improved second-order oscillating PSO algorithm is proposed to improve the speed and convergence of the multiobjective algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink on IEEE 33 bus distribution network with DGs in both static and dynamic situations.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The dorsomedial hypothalamus nucleus (DMH) is an important component of the autonomic nervous system and plays a critical role in regulating the sympathetic outputs of the heart. Stress alters the ...neuronal activity of the DMH, affecting sympathetic outputs and triggering heart rate variability. However, the specific molecular mechanisms behind stress leading to abnormal DMH neuronal activity have still not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we successfully constructed a stressed rat model and used it to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates GABAA receptors in the DMH through activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and thus affects heart rate variability in rats. By detecting the c-Fos expression of neurons in the DMH and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in rats, we clarified the relationship between abnormal DMH neuronal activity and heart rate variability in stressed rats. Then, using ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and RNAscope, we further explored the correlation between the IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway and GABAA receptors. The data showed that an increase in IL-6 induced by stress inhibited GABAA receptors in DMH neurons by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, while specific inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway using AG490 obviously reduced DMH neuronal activity and improved heart rate variability in rats. These findings suggest that IL-6 regulates the expression of GABAA receptors via the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in the DMH, which may be an important cause of heart rate variability in stressed rats.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Alcoholic liver damage is caused by long-term or heavy drinking, and it may further progress into alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Probiotic supplements have been suggested for the prevention or ...improvement of liver damage. This study was designed to consider the ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 isolated from infant feces against alcoholic liver damage. The mice were gavaged with a 50% ethanol solution and treated with 109 CFU of L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 suspension. The factors for liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and intestinal barrier integrity were measured. The results showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could decrease the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to 61% and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to 50% compared with ethanol given by gavage. It could inhibit the expression level of malondialdehyde (MDA), increase superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) to relieve oxidative stress, and down-regulate the cytokines to decrease hepatic inflammation. After treatment, the level of triglycerides was reduced, and the expression levels of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) pathway were up-regulated. Additionally, the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, etc. At the same time, L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could significantly reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and enhance intestinal tight junction proteins. These results demonstrated that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 could reduce the level of oxidative stress, fat accumulation, and liver inflammation caused by alcohol in the host. The underlying mechanism could be that L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 inhibits LPS by regulating the gut microbiota and repairing the intestinal barrier. Thereby, these findings support L. rhamnosus NKU FL1-8 as a potential functional food for the relief of ALD.
Although epidemiologic studies have shown associations between sedentary behavior and mortality, few have focused on older women with adequate minority representation and few have controlled for both ...physical activity and functional status.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between sedentary time and total; cardiovascular disease (CVD); coronary heart disease (CHD); and cancer mortality in a prospective, multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women.
The study population included 92,234 women aged 50-79 years at baseline (1993-1998) who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study through September 2010. Self-reported sedentary time was assessed by questionnaire and examined in 4 categories (≤4, >4-8, ≥8-11, >11 hours). Mortality risks were examined using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for confounders. Models were also stratified by age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, physical activity, physical function, and chronic disease to examine possible effect modification. Analyses were conducted in 2012-2013.
The mean follow-up period was 12 years. Compared with women who reported the least sedentary time, women reporting the highest sedentary time had increased risk of all-cause mortality in the multivariate model (HR=1.12, 95% CI=1.05, 1.21). Results comparing the highest versus lowest categories for CVD, CHD, and cancer mortality were as follows: HR=1.13, 95% CI=0.99, 1.29; HR=1.27, 95% CI=1.04, 1.55; and HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07, 1.37, respectively. For all mortality outcomes, there were significant linear tests for trend.
There was a linear relationship between greater amounts of sedentary time and mortality risk after controlling for multiple potential confounders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6) is a mammalian homolog of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family. Previous studies have been reported a ...pro-regenerative role of SIRT6 in central nervous system injury. However, the role of SIRT6 in peripheral nerve injury is still unknown. Given the importance and necessity of Schwann cell dedifferentiation response to peripheral nerve injury, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of SIRT6 steering Schwann cell dedifferentiation during Wallerian degeneration in injured peripheral nerve. Herein, we first examined the expression pattern of SIRT6 after peripheral nerve injury. Using the explants of sciatic nerve, an ex vivo model of nerve degeneration, we provided evidences indicating that SIRT6 inhibitor accelerates Schwann cell dedifferentiation as well as axonal and myelin degeneration, while SIRT6 activator attenuates this process. Moreover, in an in vitro Schwann cell dedifferentiation model, we found SIRT6 inhibitor promotes Schwann cell dedifferentiation through upregulating the expression of c-Jun. In addition, downregulation of c-Jun reverse the effects of SIRT6 inhibition on the Schwann cells dedifferentiation and axonal and myelin degeneration. In summary, we first described SIRT6 acts as a negative regulator for Schwann cells dedifferentiation during Wallerian degeneration and c-Jun worked as a direct downstream partner of SIRT6 in injured peripheral nerve.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
To explore the characteristics of Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF) in analyzing the mechanical characteristics of foot functional units during walking and running.
Eighteen subjects (9 males ...and 9 females) were recruited, and the ground reaction force curves of each foot region during walking and running were collected using a plantar pressure measurement system. NNMF was used to extract the mechanical features of different foot regions and to determine the number of foot functional units. The differences between the base matrices of walking and running were compared by traditional t-tests, and the differences in coefficient matrices were compared by one-dimensional statistical parameter mapping.
1) When the number of foot functional units for walking and running were both 2, the Variability Accounted For (VAF) by the matrix exceeded 0.90 (VAF
= 0.96 ± 0.02, VAF
= 0.95 ± 0.04); 2) In foot functional unit 1, both walking and running exhibited buffering function, with the heel region being the main force-bearing area and the forefoot also participating in partial buffering; 3) In foot functional unit 2, both walking and running exhibited push-off function, with the middle part of the forefoot having a higher contribution weight; 4) In foot functional unit 1, compared to walking, the overall force characteristics of the running foot were greater during the support phase of the 0%-20% stage, with the third and fourth metatarsal areas having higher contribution weights and the lateral heel area having lower weights; 5) In foot functional unit 2, compared to walking, the overall force was higher during the beginning and 11%-69% stages of running, and lower during the 4%-5% and 73%-92% stages. During running, the thumb area, the first metatarsal area and the midfoot area had higher contribution weights than during walking; in the third and fourth metatarsal areas, the contribution weights were lower during running than during walking.
Based on the mechanical characteristics of the foot, walking and running can both be decomposed into two foot functional units: buffering and push-off. The forefoot occupies a certain weight in both buffering and push-off functions, indicating that there may be a complex foot function transformation mechanism in the transverse arch of foot. Compared to walking, running completes push-off earlier, and the force region is more inclined towards the inner side of the foot, with the hallux area having a greater weight during push-off. This study suggests that NNMF is feasible for analyzing foot mechanical characteristics.
There is evidence that the after-school period plays an essential role in accumulating sedentary behavior (SB) among children and adolescents, as well as implementing potential interventions. ...However, relatively little is known regarding SB status of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) during the after-school period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the total level and specific pattern of the after-school SB among children and adolescents with ID.
The after-school SB status among 325 children and adolescents with ID was evaluated by the parent-reported Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey-Chinese edition questionnaire.
Parents of children and adolescents with ID reported approximately 204 min/day of after-school SB. Specifically, the longest time of the after-school period was spent performing the screen-based SB (84 mins/d). This was followed by recreational SB and educational SB (50 and 30 mins/d, respectively). The children aged 6-12 years old engaged more time in recreational SB than adolescents aged 16-18 years old (
< 0.05) during the after-school period. Further, the data indicated that 37.5% of children and adolescents with ID achieved the guideline limitation of 2-h-maximum screen-based SB during the after-school hour.
Children and adolescents with ID spent a large portion of the after-school period in SB, particularly engaged in more time on after-school screen-based SB. Future efforts should focus on developing and implementing period-specific interventions designed to reduce after-school SB in the segment of this population.
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