Strain sensors with good stability are vital to the development of wearable healthcare monitoring systems. However, the design of strain sensor with both duration stability and environmental ...stability is still a challenge. In this work, we propose an ultra-stable and washable strain sensor by embedding a coupled composite film of carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ti
3
C
2
T
x
MXene into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The composite strain sensor with embedded microstructure and uneven surface makes it conformal to skin, while the CNT/MXene sensing layer exhibits a resistance sensitive to strain. This sensor shows reliable responses at different frequencies and with long-term cycling durability (over 1,000 cycles). Meanwhile, the CNT/MXene/PDMS composite strain sensor provides the advantages of superior anti-interference to temperature change and water washing. The results demonstrate less than 10% resistance changes as the temperature rises from −20 to 80 °C or after sonication in water for 120 min, respectively. The composite sensor is applied to monitor human joint motions, such as bending of finger, wrist and elbow. Moreover, the simultaneous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and joint movement while riding a sports bicycle is demonstrated, enabling the great potential of the as-fabricated sensor in real-time human healthcare monitoring.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In order to explore the effect of mulberry leaf extract (ELM) on the liver function of spotted sea bass, 360 fish with healthy constitution (average body weight 9.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected and ...randomly divided into six groups with three repetitions, and six groups of fish were randomly placed into 18 test tanks (200 L) with 20 fish per tank for the 52-day feeding test. Every day, the fish were fed the experimental feed with different concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 g/kg) to the level of apparent satiation, with a crude protein content of 48.0% and a crude fat content of 8.6%. And the water temperature was maintained at 25–28°C with a salinity of 0.5%–1‰. After feeding, five fish were randomly selected to collect their livers and serum for detection of indicators. The results showed that, compared with the control group, ELM significantly increased the activities of lipase (LPS) and trypsin (TRS) in the liver, and reached the highest level when the amount of ELM added was 6 g/kg P<0.05. ELM significantly increased the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) involved in the metabolic process in liver tissue, and GOT activity reached the highest when ELM was added at 9 g/kg, and LDH activity reached the highest when ELM was added at 15 g/kg P<0.05. ELM had no significant effect on liver antioxidant enzymes P>0.05, but the content of malondialdehyde was significantly reduced P<0.05. Compared with the control group, ELM significantly increased the activities of AKP and ACP in the liver, and the AKP activity reached the highest when the ELM addition amount was 3 g/kg, and the ACP activity reached the highest when the ELM addition amount was 9 g/kg P<0.05. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, it was indicated that ELM enhanced the hepatic lipids and carbohydrates metabolism ability, as manifested in the upregulation of expression of phosphatidate phosphatase, glucuronosyltransferase, inositol oxygenase, carbonic anhydrase, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2. ELM can also increase the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, ATP-dependent RNA helicase and C-X-C motif chemokine 9 involved in the immune process. The above results show that the ELM can enhance the digestion, metabolism, and immunity of the liver by increasing the activity of digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, and the expression of metabolism and immune regulation genes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of ELM in the cultivation of spotted sea bass by exploring the effect of ELM on the liver function of spotted sea bass.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
High soybean meal diet (HSBMD) decreased the immunity and damaged the liver health of spotted sea bass; in this study,
polysaccharides (LBP) was added to HSBMD to explore its effects on the immunity ...and liver health. The diet with 44% fish meal content was designed as a blank control. On this basis, soybean meal was used to replace 50% fish meal as HSBMD, and LBP was added in HSBMD in gradient (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) as the experimental diet. 225-tailed spotted sea bass with initial body weight of 44.52 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed the corresponding diet for 52 days, respectively. The results show that: after ingestion of HSBMD, the immunity of spotted sea bass decreased slightly and hepatic tissue was severely damaged. And the addition of LBP significantly improved the immune capacity and protected the hepatic health. Specifically, the activities of serum lysozyme (LZM), immunoglobulin M (IgM), liver acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were increased, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were significantly decreased, and hepatic morphology was improved. In the analysis of transcriptome results, it was found that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were down-regulated in toll-like receptor signaling pathway. And LBP may protect hepatic health by regulating Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Insulin signaling pathway, Steroid biosynthesis and other glucolipid-related pathways. In conclusion, the addition of LBP in HSBMD can improve the immunity and protect the hepatic health of spotted sea bass, and its mechanism may be related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
(CB) is known to promote growth, enhance immunity, promote digestion, and improve intestinal health. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB in the feed on growth performance, digestion, and ...intestinal health of juvenile spotted sea bass. To provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of CB in the feed of spotted sea bass, a total of 450 spotted sea bass with an initial body weight of (9.58 ± 0.05) g were randomly divided into six groups. Gradient levels with 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% of CB (1×10
cfu/g) were supplemented into diets, designated as CC, CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4, and CB5, respectively. Each group was fed for 54 days. Our results suggest that dietary 0.2% and 0.3% of CB can significantly increase the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of spotted sea bass. The addition of CB significantly increased intestinal amylase activity, intestinal villus length, intestinal villus width, and intestinal muscle thickness. Similarly, CB supplementation increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-
(
) and interleukin-8 (
). Sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S rDNA region showed that dietary CB altered the intestinal microbiota profile of juvenile spotted sea bass, increasing the dominant bacteria in the intestine and decreasing the harmful bacteria. Overall, dietary addition of CB can improve growth performance, enhance intestinal immunity, improve intestinal flora structure, and comprehensively improve the health of spotted sea bass.
Fungi have been identified as a prolific source of structurally unique secondary metabolites, many of which display promising biological and pharmacological properties. This review provides an ...overview of the structures of new natural products derived from fungi and their biological activities along with the research strategies, which focuses on literature published in the representative journals in 2023. In this review, a total of 553 natural products including 219 polyketides, 145 terpenoids, 35 steroids, 106 alkaloids, and 48 peptides are presented. By summarising the latest findings, this review aims to provide a guide and inspire further innovation in the fields of the discovery of fungal natural products and pharmaceutical development.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (NRP) are uncommon in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and their clinicopathology and prognosis have not been discussed. Podocytes may play an important ...role in both clinical phenotypes.
We investigated 119 biopsy-proven IgAN patients with proteinuria over 2 g/d. The patients were divided into three groups according to proteinuria level: the overt proteinuria (OP) group, NS group, and NRP group. In addition, according to the severity of foot process effacement (FPE), the patients were divided into three groups: the segmental FPE (SFPE) group, moderate FPE (MFPE) group, and diffuse FPE (DFPE) group. The outcome was survival from a combined event defined by a doubling of the baseline serum creatinine and a 50% reduction in eGFR or ESRD.
Compared with the NRP group, patients in the NS group had more severe microscopic hematuria, presented with more severe endocapillary hypercellularity and had a higher percentage of DFPE. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that MFPE patients had a better outcome in the NRP group <50% of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis. In the multivariate model, the NRP group (HR = 17.098, 95% CI = 3.835-76.224) was associated with an increased risk of the combined event, while MFPE (HR = 0.260, 95% CI = 0.078-0.864; p = 0.028) was associated with a reduced risk of the combined event. After the addition of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), the incidence of the combined event in the MFPE group (HR = 0.179, 95% CI = 0.047-0.689; p = 0.012) was further reduced.
NS presented more active lesions and more severe FPE in IgAN. NRP was an independent risk factor for progression to the renal endpoint, while MFPE indicated a better prognosis in NRP without obvious chronic renal lesions, which may benefit from RASi.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The study investigated the impact of chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation in a high-fat diet (HFD) on growth, lipid metabolism, intestinal and hepatic histology, as well as gut microbiota in ...spotted sea bass. A total of 540 fish were fed six experimental diets, including a normal fat diet (NFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg CGA (named HFD1, HFD2, HFD3, and HFD4, respectively) for 7 weeks. The results showed that HFD feeding increased growth and hepatic lipid deposition compared to that in the NFD group. Inclusion of 300 mg/kg CGA in HFD decreased the HFD-induced hyperlipemia (p < 0.05). Additionally, compared to the HFD group, the HFD4 group showed significant reductions in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while also improving liver total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05). In the CGA-containing groups, hepatocytes were arranged more neatly than those in the HFD group, and there was a reduction in lipid deposition and hemolysis in the liver. Supplementation of CGA had effects on intestinal structure including an increase in mucosal thickness, as well as villus number and width. The diversity of intestinal flora in the CGA-containing groups was higher than those in the HFD group, and supplementation of 200 mg/kg CGA significantly increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria (p < 0.05). HFD4 feeding increased the intestinal Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio and decreased the abundance of Vibrio. The highest value abundance of Actinobacteriota was found in the HFD2 group. Overall, HFD caused negative effects, and supplementation of 200–400 mg/kg CGA to HFD improved fat deposition, lipid metabolic disorders and liver and gut histology, and increased gut bacterial diversity in spotted sea bass.
Mulberry leaf extract (ELM) has the functions of promoting growth, antioxidant, improving intestinal microbial composition, thus providing a potential solution the occurrence of fish intestinal ...diseases. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to explore the effects of ELM on intestinal health of spotted sea bass
Lateolabrax maculatus
. A total of 360 spotted sea bass (9.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups. Fish in each group were given feed with varying ELM concentration (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 g/kg) for 52 days, respectively. Results show, dietary intake of 9 g/kg ELM increased the weight gain, specific growth ratio and feed intake of the spotted sea bass (
P
<0.05). Meanwhile, dietary intake of 9 g/kg ELM increased the activity of enteric trypsin, amylase and lipase (
P
<0.05). The enteric catalase activity was improved in fish fed with 3 g/kg ELM (
P
<0.05), while a limited effect of ELM on the activity of enteric superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and content of malonaldehyde was observed (
P
>0.05). ELM improved the morphology of fish intestine, as manifested in significant improvement in the length of intestinal villi, thereby increasing the surface area of the intestinal tract (
P
<0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary intake of ELM significantly increased the intestinal microbial ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indexes of fish (
P
<0.05), indicated that the intestinal microbial composition and the abundance of the dominant flora of fish were improved. The above results suggested that the dietary supplementation of about 9 g/kg ELM can improve the growth performance, enteric antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and microbial composition, therefore improving the intestinal health of spotted sea bass. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of ELM in improving the enteric health of spotted sea bass, and providing a potential solution the occurrence of fish intestinal diseases.
Background
Current guidelines for obesity prevention and control focus on body mass index (BMI) and rarely address central obesity. Few studies have been conducted on the association between ...normal-weight central obesity and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods
26,825 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in our study. A weighted multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between different obesity patterns and the risk of DM.
Results
Our results suggest that normal-weight central obesity is associated with an increased risk of DM (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.75–3.23) compared with normal-weight participants without central obesity. When stratified by sex, men with normal-weight central obesity, obesity and central obesity were found to have a similar risk of DM (OR: 3.83, 95% CI: 2.10–5.97; OR: 4.20, 95% CI: 3.48–5.08, respectively) and a higher risk than all other types of obesity, including men who were overweight with no central obesity (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96–1.51) and obese with no central obesity (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30–0.91).
Conclusion
Our results highlight the need for more attention in people with central obesity, even if they have a normal BMI.
Laminarin has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties and favorably impacts gut microbial composition, providing a potential solution for the treatment of intestinal diseases in fish. The aim of ...this study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on the growth and intestinal health of juvenile spotted seabass,
Lateolabrax maculatus
. A total of 450 juveniles (initial body weight: 7.14 ± 0.10 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 25 fish per replicate. Six diets were prepared with laminarin supplementation at doses of 0% (Control), 0.4% (P0.4), 0.8% (P0.8), 1.2% (P1.2), 1.6% (P1.6), and 2% (P2). Each group was fed the corresponding diet for 8 weeks. The results indicated that dietary laminarin supplementation of 0.4-1.6% enhanced the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile spotted seabass, and the difference was significant in the P0.8 group (
P
<0.05). Significantly higher intestinal amylase activity was measured in P0.8 compared with the control group. Trypsin activity was significantly increased in P0.4 and P0.8 groups in contrast to the control (
P
<0.05). Lipase activity was significantly increased in P0.4, P0.8, P1.6, and P2 groups in contrast to the control (
P
<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the P0.8, P1.2, and P1.6 groups compared to the control group (
P
<0.05). The P0.8 group exhibited significant increases in reduced glutathione, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme levels (
P
<0.05), whereas the concentrations of diamine oxidase and D-lactate were significantly decreased (
P
<0.05). Furthermore, intestinal villus height, villus width, and crypt depth were significantly increased in P0.8 and P2 groups (
P
<0.05), and muscular thickness was significantly increased in the P1.2 group (
P
<0.05). Intestinal microbial analysis revealed that the alpha diversity of the laminarin supplemented groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria
Lactobacillus
and
Klebsiella
in P0.4 and P0.8 groups was significantly increased (
P
<0.05), indicating that laminarin altered the composition of intestinal flora and the abundance of dominant bacteria, with a low dose being more conducive to the formation of beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, dietary laminarin supplementation can improve the growth performance and intestinal function of juvenile spotted seabass. Based on the regression analyses of weight gain rate and specific growth rate, the optimal supplemental level of laminarin was estimated to be 0.97% and 0.98%, respectively.
