Due to the highest theoretical specific capacity of 4200 mA h g−1 for Li4.4Si, silicon(Si)-based materials could fulfill the increasing demands of high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, ...the intrinsic huge volume expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process results in rapid capacity decay and short cycle life and restricts the satisfactory electrical performance of Si-based anodes. Binder plays an important role of maintaining the contact integrity between active material, conductive additive and the current collector, thereby reducing the pulverization of the Si particles during charge/discharge. Here, the review systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, design principles and working mechanisms, including chemical composition, superstructure, and various interactions between different functional moieties of synthetic binders and natural biomass binders, to reveal the structure-composition-performance relationship, offer practical solutions to challenging problems associated with defects of Si-based electrode materials in LIBs and aim at exploiting new family of binders that could be used in industrial level as well as providing design principles for other electrode binders in rechargeable batteries.
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•Working mechanisms and design principles of Si-based anodes binders are presented.•Synergistic strategy of combining binders with anode structure design is discussed.•Synthesis methods, applied anodes, ICE and cycling performance are listed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present the new upper limit of the magnetic monopole (MM) flux and discuss three MM models of the heating resource for supermassive white dwarfs (WDs) by considering the effect of temperature on ...thermonuclear reaction and mass radius relation of WDs based on the catalytic nuclear decay by MM. We discuss the luminosity and compared it with the observations to apply to 25 supermassive WDs. We find the maxnium of the number of MM captured can be
9.6943
×
10
11
, and
9.0671
×
10
11
for O+Ne core high mass WDs (e.g., WD J055631.17+130639.78), and C+O core high mass WDs (e.g., WD J055631.17+130639.78), respectively. The luminosities increase with the increasing of the temperature and are agreed well with the observations for model (III). The differences are no more than one, and three orders of magnitude higher than observations for model (III), and (I, II), respectively. Finaly, we find that the maxnium of the upper limits of the MM flux
ϕ
m
due to RC effect can be
9.1071
×
10
-
15
, and
2.7670
×
10
-
14
for O+Ne and C+O core high mass WDs, respectively. Our results are about one and two orders of magnitude higher than those of Abbasi et al. (EPJC 69:361, 2010) (Albert et al. in JHEP 07:054, 2017) for O+Ne, and C+O core mass WDs, respectively, and can be about three and four orders of magnitude higher than those of Aartsen et al. (EPJC 76:133, 2016) (Ic40, Ic86), respectively. Our results show that the monopole-catalyzed nucleon decay could prevent WDs from cooling down into a stellar graveyard by keeping them hot.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Background In the primary analysis of the NeoSphere trial, patients given neoadjuvant pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel showed a significantly improved pathological complete response ...compared with those given trastuzumab and docetaxel after surgery. Here, we report 5-year progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and safety. Methods In this multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised trial in hospitals and medical clinics, treatment-naive adults with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive four neoadjuvant cycles of trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, increasing to 100 mg/m2 from cycle 2 if tolerated; group A), pertuzumab (840 mg loading dose, followed by 420 mg every 3 weeks) and trastuzumab plus docetaxel (group B), pertuzumab and trastuzumab (group C), or pertuzumab and docetaxel (group D). After surgery, patients received three cycles of FEC (fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 , epirubicin 90 mg/m2 , and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 ) every 3 weeks (patients in group C received four cycles of docetaxel prior to FEC), and trastuzumab 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks to complete 1 year's treatment (17 cycles in total). Randomisation was done by a central centre using dynamic allocation, stratified by operable, locally advanced, and inflammatory breast cancer, and by oestrogen and/or progesterone receptor positivity. Safety analyses were done according to treatment received. The primary endpoint (pathological complete response) was previously reported; secondary endpoints reported here are 5-year progression-free survival (analysed in the intention-to-treat population) and disease-free survival (analysed in patients who had surgery). Secondary and exploratory analyses were not powered for formal statistical hypothesis testing, and therefore results are for descriptive purposes only. The study ended on Sept 22, 2014 (last patient, last visit). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00545688. Findings Between Dec 17, 2007, and Dec 22, 2009, 417 eligible patients were randomly assigned to group A (107 patients), group B (107 patients), group C (107 patients), or group D (96 patients). One patient in group A withdrew before treatment. One patient assigned to group D received group A treatment, one patient assigned to group D received group B treatment, and one patient assigned to group B received group C treatment. At clinical cutoff, 87 patients had progressed or died. 5-year progression-free survival rates were 81% (95% CI 71–87) for group A, 86% (77–91) for group B, 73% (64–81) for group C, and 73% (63–81) for group D (hazard ratios 0·69 95% CI 0·34–1·40 group B vs group A, 1·25 0·68–2·30 group C vs group A, and 2·05 1·07–3·93 group D vs group B). Disease-free survival results were consistent with progression-free survival results and were 81% (95% CI 72–88) for group A, 84% (72–91) for group B, 80% (70–86) for group C, and 75% (64–83) for group D. Patients who achieved total pathological complete response (all groups combined) had longer progression-free survival compared with patients who did not (85% 76–91 in patients who achieved total pathological response vs 76% 71–81 in patients who did not achieve total pathological response; hazard ratio 0·54 95% CI 0·29–1·00). There were no new or long-term safety concerns and tolerability was similar across groups (neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment periods combined). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were neutropenia (group A: 71 66% of 107 patients; group B: 59 55% of 107; group C: 40 37% of 108; group D: 60 64% of 94), febrile neutropenia (group A: 10 9%; group B: 12 11%; group C: 5 5%; group D: 15 16%), and leucopenia (group A: 13 12%; group B: 6 6%; group C: 4 4%; group D: 8 9%). The number of patients with one or more serious adverse event was similar across groups (19–22 serious adverse events per group in 18–22% of patients). Interpretation Progression-free survival and disease-free survival at 5-year follow-up show large and overlapping CIs, but support the primary endpoint (pathological complete response) and suggest that neoadjuvant pertuzumab is beneficial when combined with trastuzumab and docetaxel. Additionally, they suggest that total pathological complete response could be an early indicator of long-term outcome in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Funding F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Chronic stress induces a variety of physiological and/or psychological abnormalities, including hyperalgesia. Researchers have discovered sex differences in the prevalence of stress‐induced ...hyperalgesia (SIH) in recent years. Sex differences may be one of the reasons for the heterogeneity of susceptibility to stress‐related diseases. In this review, the potential mechanisms of sex differences in SIH are discussed, such as hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis responses, regulation of sex hormones, and immune system responses.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The distribution of ACE2 and accessory proteases (ANAD17 and CTSL) in cardiovascular tissue and the host cell receptor binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are ...crucial to understanding the virus's cell invasion, which may play a significant role in determining the viral tropism and its clinical manifestations.
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cell type-specific expression of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL in myocardial tissue from 10 patients using RNA sequencing. Our study included a meta-analysis of 2 heart single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with a total of 90,024 cells from 250 heart samples of 10 individuals. We used co-expression analysis to locate specific cell types that SARS-CoV-2 may invade.
Our results revealed cell-type specific associations between male gender and the expression levels of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL, including pericytes and fibroblasts. AGT, CALM3, PCSK5, NRP1, and LMAN were identified as potential accessory proteases that might facilitate viral invasion. Enrichment analysis highlighted the extracellular matrix interaction pathway, adherent plaque pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction inflammatory response, and oxidative stress as potential immune pathways involved in viral infection, providing potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. We also found specific high expression of IFITM3 and AGT in pericytes and differences in the IFN-II signaling pathway and PAR signaling pathway in fibroblasts from different cardiovascular comorbidities.
Our data indicated possible high-risk groups for COVID-19 and provided emerging avenues for future investigations of its pathogenesis.
(Not applicable).
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
37.
Link Between m6A Modification and Cancers Liu, Zhen-Xian; Li, Li-Man; Sun, Hui-Lung ...
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology,
07/2018, Volume:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptional modification has recently gained much attention. Through the development of m6A sequencing, the molecular mechanism and importance of m6A have been ...revealed. m6A is the most abundant internal modification in higher eukaryotic mRNAs, which plays crucial roles in mRNA metabolism and multiple biological processes. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of m6A regulators, including "writers" that create m6A mark, "erasers" that show demethylation activity and "readers" that decode m6A modification to govern the fate of modified transcripts. Moreover, we highlight the roles of m6A modification in several common cancers, including solid and non-solid tumors. The regulators of m6A exert enormous functions in cancer development, such as proliferation, migration and invasion. Especially, with the underlying mechanisms being uncovered, m6A and its regulators are expected to be the targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia ...(sCAP).
A comprehensive search was conducted using the Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus databases for articles published until April 24, 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids for treating sCAP were included. The primary outcome was the 30-day all-cause mortality.
A total of severe RCTs involving 1689 patients were included in this study. Overall, the study group had a lower mortality rate at day 30 than the control group (risk ratio RR, 0.61; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.85; p < 0.01) with low heterogeneity (I
= 0%, p = 0.42). Compared to the control group, the study group had a lower risk of the requirement of mechanical ventilation (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.73; p < 0.001), shorter length of intensive care unit (MD - 0.8; 95% CI - 1.4 to - 0.1; p = 0.02), and hospital stay (MD - 1.1; 95% CI - 2.0 to - 0.1; p = 0.04). Finally, no significant difference was observed between the study and the control groups in terms of gastrointestinal tract bleeding (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.49 to 2.18; p = 0.93), healthcare-associated infection (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.32; p = 0.56), and acute kidney injury (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.21 to 2.26; p = 0.53).
In patients with sCAP, adjunctive corticosteroids can provide survival benefits and improve clinical outcomes without increasing adverse events. However, because the pooled evidence remains inconclusive, further studies are required.
Molecular desalination is broadly used in chemical, food, and textile industries, which needs efficient and anti‐fouling separation technologies to reach this goal. Interfacial polymerization is one ...of the most promising routes to construct ultrahigh selective nanofiltration membranes. However, the irreversible hydrolysis of residual acyl chlorides makes Donnan charges of nascent films distribute unevenly which hinders fine molecular desalination and anti‐fouling. Here, we propose a pioneering solvation‐amination‐synergy strategy to synchronously inhibit the hydrolysis of residual acyl chlorides and promote their amination. The electroneutral nanofiltration membrane with high water permeance (13.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) is quantitatively fabricated that has superb anti‐fouling abilities and minimizes Donnan impacts on competitive ion penetrations, so it transmits Na2SO4 and NaCl while fully obstructs cationic or anionic dyes (< 500 Da). The ultrahigh molecule to ion selectivities outperform state‐of‐art nanofiltration membranes, which may provide a paradigm shift for scalable membrane fabrication for various industrial product desalination.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture can potentially lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and threaten human health by entering the food chain. To assess the ...environmental risk posed by antibiotics in China, the spatial-temporal distribution and correlation of 8 antibiotics based on the abundance of 11 ARGs in water sources, pond water, and sediment in 8 ponds were determined. The results indicated that sul1 was the predominant ARG in water sources and pond water, and tetC was the most in the sediment. A trend of increasing abundance of ARGs was observed with increased rearing density and pond age. Compared to monoculture, shrimp culture integrated with different trophic levels of fish farming could influence the abundance of ARGs. There was also a significant correlation between the abundance of ARGs and antibiotic concentration in the sediment, while no correlation was observed in water sources and pond water.
•Sul1 and tetC were the main ARGs in water and sediment respectively.•ΣARGs abundance increased with the rearing density and pond age.•Shrimp culture integrated with different fish affected ARGs abundances.•ΣARG abundance was highly correlated with antibiotic concentration in pond sediment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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