A photoredox‐catalyzed defluoroborylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes with N‐heterocyclic carbene boranes is described for the synthesis of gem‐difluoroallylboranes. This protocol exhibits a broad ...substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, which enables the late‐stage functionalization of structurally complex compounds. Further transformations of the defluoroborylation products to valuable CF2‐containing molecules are also demonstrated.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The primary cilium is an antennae‐like structure extent outside the cell surface. It has an important role in regulating cell‐signaling transduction to affect proliferation, differentiation and ...migration. Evidence is accumulating that ciliary defects lead to ciliopathies and ciliary deregulation also play crucial roles in cancer formation and progression. Interestingly, restoring the cilia can suppress proliferation in some cancer cell. However, t he role of primary cilia in cancer still be debated. In this article, we review the role of the primary cilium in cancer through architecture, signaling pathways, cilia assembly and disassembly regulators, and summarized the new findings of the primary cilium in tumor microenvironments and different cancers, highlighting novel possibilities for therapeutic target in cancer.
The role of the primary cilium in cancer.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Stainless steel dust is a solid waste and contains a large number of valuable Fe, Cr, and Ni metal oxides, which should be recovered efficiently. Through direct reduction and self-pulverization ...separation, the goals of high metal recovery ratios and grades in the new process of comprehensive stainless steel dust utilization were achieved. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental research, the effects of different conditions (FC/O ratio, reduction temperature, reduction time) on the reduction process and self-pulverization of reduction products were studied. The results showed that the optimal FC/O ratio was 0.8, reduction temperature was 1450 °C and reduction time was 20 min for the metal oxides in stainless steel dust to be completely reduced by carbon-thermal reduction; the self-pulverization holding temperature was 1100 °C, the holding time was 15 min, the conversion ratio of Ca3SiO5 to Ca2SiO4 reached the maximum, the content of γ-Ca2SiO4 in the reduced slag after cooling was increased, and a higher degree of self-pulverization was achieved. Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloy with an iron grade of 66.82%, chromium grade of 20.02% and nickel grade of 4.12% was manufactured successfully from stainless steel dust. The recoveries of iron, chromium and nickel in the stainless steel dust were 92.50%, 92.02% and 93.74%, respectively.
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•Efficiently utilization method of stainless steel dust by direct reduction and self-pulverization was studied.•The reasonable reduction temperature, reduction time and FC/O are 1450 °C, 20 min and 0.8, respectively.•The conversion rate of C3S to C2S reached the maximum when the self-pulverizing temperature was kept at 1100 °C for 15 min.•The recoveries of iron, chromium and nickel in the stainless steel dust are 92.50%, 92.02% and 93.74%, respectively.•The chromium grade of Fe-Cr-Ni-C alloy is 20.02%, it can be directly used in stainless steel smelting.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Pterostilbene (PTS), a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol (RSV), has garnered significant attention due to its potential therapeutic effects in treating inflammatory and oncological diseases. ...This comprehensive review elucidates the pharmacological properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential of PTS. Various studies indicate that PTS exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumour properties, potentially making it a promising candidate for clinical applications. Its influence on regulatory pathways like NF-κB and PI3K/Akt underscores its diverse strategies in addressing diseases. Additionally, PTS showcases a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with better oral bioavailability compared to other stilbenoids, thus enhancing its therapeutic potential. Given these findings, there is an increased interest in incorporating PTS into treatment regimens for inflammatory and cancer-related conditions. However, more extensive clinical trials are imperative to establish its safety and efficacy in diverse patient populations.
We aimed to investigate whether Taraxacum officinale (T. officinale)-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) exerted hypotensive effects in intermittent hypoxia (IH)-induced hypertensive disorders ...and their potential mechanisms.
In this study, we developed T. officinale-derived natural nanoparticles with ideal size and stable negative surface charge, containing large amount of lipids and some functional proteins. We found that ELNs effectively reduced IH-induced hypertension, exhibited local anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal tissues in a rat model of IH-induced hypertension, and reduced intestinal tissue damage, including loss of goblet cells and barrier integrity damage, and ultimately inhibited the systemic inflammatory response. In addition, we evaluated intestinal microbial composition and SCFAs content and found significant changes in the structure and diversity of intestinal microbes, where butyrate was identified as the most important cause of the overall differences in the flora. Therefore, we further evaluated whether butyrate was a key target for ELNs to exert their effects in IH-induced hypertensive disease. We found that butyrate intervention further inhibited systemic inflammatory response and vascular wall remodeling by improving the intestinal microenvironment in IH rats, thereby attenuating IH-induced hypertension.
T. officinale-derived ELNs were effective in the treatment of IH-induced hypertensive disease, whereas butyrate played a major role in mediating the effects of ELNs in anti-IH-induced hypertensive disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces oxidative stress in the brain, causing sleep disorders. Herein, we investigated the role of pterostilbene (Pte) in CIH-mediated oxidative stress in the ...brain tissue. A CIH mouse model was constructed by alternately reducing and increasing oxygen concentration in a sealed box containing the mouse; brain tissue and serum were then collected after intragastric administration of Pte. Neurological function was evaluated through field experiments. The trajectory of the CIH mice to the central region initially decreased and then increased after Pte intervention. Pte increased the number of neuronal Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of CIH mice, upregulated the protein levels of Bcl-2, occludin, and ZO-1 as well as the mRNA and protein levels of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and p-BDNF, and reduced the number of neuronal apoptotic cells, Bax protein levels, IBA-1, and GFAP levels. Simultaneously, Pte reversed the decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and BDNF and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of CIH mice. Pte increased Th2 cells, Treg cells, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels and decreased Th1 cells, Th17 cells, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL- 17A levels in activated BV2 cells and hippocampus in CIH mice. The protein levels of p-ERK1/2, TLR4, p-p38, p-p65, and Bax, apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, Bcl-2 protein level, cell viability, and SOD and GSH-PX concentrations decreased after the activation of BV2 cells. Pte inhibited gliocytes from activating T-cell immune imbalance through p-ERK signaling to alleviate oxidative stress injury in nerve cells.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several observational studies have investigated the association between myeloperoxidase (MPO) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the nature of this relationship remains uncertain due to ...potential selection and confounding biases. To resolve this, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to scrutinize the causal relationship between MPO and OSA.
Instrumental variables (IVs) for OSA were sourced from the publicly available FinnGen dataset, encompassing 38,998 OSA cases and 336,659 controls. Data on MPO were sourced from a study of 21,758 individuals conducted by the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI). The primary MR analysis utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, with MR-Egger intercept and leave-one-out methods assessing pleiotropy and Cochran's
test determining heterogeneity.
The IVW analysis indicated a causal relationship between heightened MPO levels and an increased incidence of OSA. Individuals with elevated MPO levels manifested a higher propensity to develop OSA, exhibiting an odds ratio (OR) of 1.075 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.011-1.143 (
= 0.021). Conversely, the reciprocal analysis unveiled no significant association between OSA and heightened MPO levels (
= 0.643). No directional pleiotropy was identified through the MR-Egger intercept test (
> 0.05).
Our study provides evidence of an association between elevated MPO levels and an increased incidence of OSA. However, OSA does not necessarily lead to elevated MPO levels. When patients present with high MPO levels, screening for OSA may be advisable, considering their clinical characteristics.
Since the 20th century, the pressure on carbon emission reduction has increased gradually in blast furnace iron-making. Using the high reducibility sinter is considered as the way to further reduce ...carbon emissions. In this study, the effect of sinter reducibility on the softening-melting-dripping behavior is investigated based on sinter-coke-sinter-coke-sinter layered charging. It provides theoretical guidance for optimizing the burden structure. The results show that the softening-melting behavior is determined by the upper layer sinter under experimental conditions. With increasing sinter reducibility, softening start temperature drops from 1150°C to 1046°C, softening end temperature drops from 1270°C to 1185°C, melting start temperature decreases from 1270°C to 1197°C, dripping temperature increases from 1477°C to 1516°C. The cohesive zone of high reducibility sinter widens. Gas permeability index increases from 1042.20 Kpa·°C to 1199.56 Kpa·°C. Under 1150°C, gas utilization ratio increases with increasing sinter reducibility, and then the gas utilization ratio decreases as the melting begins. Therefore, the packing structure has a significant impact on the use of high reducibility sinter. High reducibility sinter can only be used to reduce emissions under a reasonable burden structure.
Triple Negative Breast cancer (TNBC) is incurable cancer with higher rates of relapse and shorter overall survival compared with other subtypes of breast cancer. Cellular retinoic acid binding ...protein 2 (CRABP2) belongs to fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family which binds with all-trans retinoic acid (RA). Previous studies from the database have reported the patients with high expression of CRABP2 showed different prognosis in ER
and ER
breast cancer. However, its biological role and exact mechanism in breast cancer remain unknown. This aim of this study was to explore how CRABP2 regulated invasion and metastasis based on the estrogen receptor-α (herein called ER) status in breast cancer.
Immunohistochemical staining method was used to analyze the expression of CRABP2 in human breast cancer tissues. Lentivirus vector-based shRNA technique was used to test the functional relevance of CRABP2 knockdown in breast tumors. Tail vein injection model was used to examine the lung metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanism that influenced the ER to the regulation of CRABP2 to Lats1.
We observed that knockdown of CRABP2 promotes EMT, invasion and metastasis of ER
breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of CRABP2 yields the reverse results. In ER
mammary cancer cells, the interaction of CRABP2 and Lats1 suppress the ubiquitination of Lats1 to activate Hippo pathway to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of ER
mammary cancer. However, in ER
mammary cancer cells, the interaction of CRABP2 and Lats1 promote the ubiquitination of Lats1 to inactivate Hippo pathway to promote the invasion and metastasis of ER
mammary cancer.
Our findings indicate that CRABP2 can suppress invasion and metastasis of ER
breast cancer and promote invasion and metastasis of ER
breast cancer by regulating the stability of Lats1 in vitro and in vivo, and it provides new ideas for breast cancer therapy.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Stainless steel dust is a type of high basicity iron containing solid waste from the iron and steel smelting industry. In this study, the carbon-containing composite briquettes were prepared by ...adding low basicity laterite nickel ore and stainless steel dust, and the valuable metals Fe, Cr, and Ni were recovered by carbothermal reduction. The results show that the addition of laterite nickel ore into CBSL (carbon containing composite briquette of stainless steel dust and laterite nickel ore) effectively improves the recovery of metal Fe, Cr and Ni and the self-pulverization rate of reduction slag. The reduction temperature is 1450°C, the reduction time is 30 min, the FC/O (molar ratio of fixed carbon to oxygen) is 1.0, and the laterite nickel ore addition is 6%, the recoveries of metal Fe, Cr and Ni are 92.1%, 90.1% and 91.6%, respectively, and the self-pulverization rate of the reduction slag reaches 91.5%. The Ca2SiO4 phase content of the reduced slag at high temperature is 71.8%, and the reduced slag system is located in the orthosilicate Ca2SiO4 region of the phase diagram, which effectively improves metal recovery, enables efficient separation of the reduced product and reduces energy consumption for subsequent processing.
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