Low rank and sparse representation based methods, which make few specific assumptions about the background, have recently attracted wide attention in background modeling. With these methods, moving ...objects in the scene are modeled as pixel-wised sparse outliers. However, in many practical scenarios, the distributions of these moving parts are not truly pixel-wised sparse but structurally sparse. Meanwhile a robust analysis mechanism is required to handle background regions or foreground movements with varying scales. Based on these two observations, we first introduce a class of structured sparsity-inducing norms to model moving objects in videos. In our approach, we regard the observed sequence as being constituted of two terms, a low-rank matrix (background) and a structured sparse outlier matrix (foreground). Next, in virtue of adaptive parameters for dynamic videos, we propose a saliency measurement to dynamically estimate the support of the foreground. Experiments on challenging well known data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and works effectively on a wide range of complex videos.
Diabetic foot wound healing is a major clinical problem due to impaired angiogenesis and bacterial infection. Therefore, an effective regenerative dressing is desiderated with the function of ...promoting revascularization and anti-bacteria. Herein, a multifunctional injectable composite hydrogel was prepared by incorporation of the cerium-containing bioactive glass (Ce-BG) into Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The Ce-BG was synthesized by combining sol-gel method with template method, which maintained spherical shape, chemical structure and phase constitution of bioactive glass (BG). The Ce-BG/GelMA hydrogels had good cytocompatibility, promoted endothelial cells migration and tube formation by releasing Si ion. In vitro antibacterial tests showed that 5 mol % CeO
-containing bioactive glass/GelMA (5/G) composite hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial properties. In vivo study demonstrated that the 5/G hydrogel could significantly improve wound healing in diabetic rats by accelerating the formation of granulation tissue, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. All in all, these results indicate that the 5/G hydrogel could enhance diabetic wound healing. Therefore, the development of multifunctional materials with antibacterial and angiogenic functions is of great significance to promote the repair of diabetic wound healing.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of efficient MOF-based electrocatalysts with good stability to produce hydrogen is a great challenge in the field of sustainable energy conversion. Herein, we introduced a controlled ...in-situ sulfurization strategy to generate a highly active and stable hybrid catalyst containing good conductive Fe3S4 ultrasmall nanosheets attached on the surface of 3D MIL-53(Fe) for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solutions.
It has been suggested that n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFAs) have anti‐inflammatory properties and may reduce the risk of allergic disease. Fish is a great source of n‐3 ...LC‐PUFAs. However, the effect of fish on allergic disease remains controversial. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies regarding the effect of fish intake during pregnancy or infancy on allergic outcomes in children. The outcomes of interest were atopy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, wheeze, asthma, and food allergy. One RCT and 17 publications from 13 prospective cohort studies were included for maternal fish intake during pregnancy, and eight publications from five prospective cohort studies for fish intake in infancy. Pooled analysis suggested that maternal fish intake during pregnancy was not associated with lower risk of any allergic outcome, both in RCT and observational studies. Consumption of fish during the first year of life reduced the risk of eczema (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.47, 0.80; p = 0.0003; I2 = 68%) and allergic rhinitis (RR 0.54; 95% CI 0.36, 0.81; p = 0.003; I2 = 74%). Current evidence indicates that fish intake in infancy could reduce the risk of eczema and allergic rhinitis in children, whereas maternal fish intake during pregnancy does not affect any atopic outcome. The intake of fish per se in infancy, not specially n‐3 LC‐PUFAs, may have an allergy protective effect. High‐quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted to confirm this.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Both E2F transcription factor and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which increase or decrease E2F activity by phosphorylating E2F or its partner, are involved in the control of cell proliferation, ...and some circRNAs and miRNAs regulate the expression of E2F and CDKs. However, little is known about whether dysregulation among E2Fs, CDKs, circRNAs and miRNAs occurs in human PCa.
The expression levels of CDK13 in PCa tissues and different cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. In vitro and in vivo assays were preformed to explore the biological effects of CDK13 in PCa cells. Co-immunoprecipitation anlysis coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify E2F5 interaction with CDK13. A CRISPR-Cas9 complex was used to activate endogenous CDK13 and circCDK13 expression. Furthermore, the mechanism of circCDK13 was investigated by using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo.
Here we show that CDK13 is significantly upregulated in human PCa tissues. CDK13 depletion and overexpression in PCa cells decrease and increase, respectively, cell proliferation, and the pro-proliferation effect of CDK13 is strengthened by its interaction with E2F5. Mechanistically, transcriptional activation of endogenous CDK13, but not the forced expression of CDK13 by its expression vector, remarkably promotes E2F5 protein expression by facilitating circCDK13 formation. Further, the upregulation of E2F5 enhances CDK13 transcription and promotes circCDK13 biogenesis, which in turn sponges miR-212-5p/449a and thus relieves their repression of the E2F5 expression, subsequently leading to the upregulation of E2F5 expression and PCa cell proliferation.
These findings suggest that CDK13 upregulation-induced formation of the positive feedback loop among circCDK13, miR-212-5p/miR-449a and E2F5 is responsible for PCa development. Targeting this newly identified regulatory axis may provide therapeutic benefit against PCa progression and drug resistance.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, we propose two novel regularization models in patch-wise and pixel-wise, respectively, which are efficient to reconstruct high-resolution (HR) face image from low-resolution (LR) ...input. Unlike the conventional patch-based models which depend on the assumption of local geometry consistency in LR and HR spaces, the proposed method directly regularizes the relationship between the target patch and corresponding training set in the HR space. It avoids dealing with the tough problem of preserving local geometry in various resolutions. Taking advantage of kernel function in efficiently describing intrinsic features, we further conduct the patch-based reconstruction model in the high-dimensional kernel space for capturing nonlinear characteristics. Meanwhile, a pixel-based model is proposed to regularize the relationship of pixels in the local neighborhood, which can be employed to enhance the fuzzy details in the target HR face image. It privileges the reconstruction of pixels along the dominant orientation of structure, which is useful for preserving high-frequency information on complex edges. Finally, we combine the two reconstruction models into a unified framework. The output HR face image can be finally optimized by performing an iterative procedure. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed face hallucination method produces superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods.
The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) causes tumor relapses, metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy in breast cancer. NDR1 kinase, a component of the Hippo pathway, plays ...important roles in multiple biological processes. However, its role in cancer stem cells has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NDR1 in modulating BCSCs.
The apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. BCSCs were detected by CD24/44 or ALDEFLUOR staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation ability of BCSCs was evaluated by sphere formation assay. The expression of interested proteins was detected by western blot analysis. The expression of HES-1 and c-MYC was detected by real-time PCR. Notch1 signaling activation was detected by luciferase reporter assay. Protein interaction was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. Protein degradation was evaluated by ubiquitination analysis. The clinical relevance of NDR1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter.
NDR1 regulates apoptosis and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The upregulation of NDR1 increases CD24
/CD44
or ALDEFLUOR
population and sphere-forming ability in SUM149 and MCF-7 cells, while downregulation of NDR1 induces opposite effects. NDR1 increased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and activated the transcription of its downstream target (HES-1 and c-MYC). Critically, both suppression of Notch pathway activation by DAPT treatment or downregulation of Notch1 expression by shRNA reverses NDR1 enhanced BCSC properties. Mechanically, NDR1 interactes with both NICD or Fbw7 in a kinase activity-independent manner. NDR1 reduces the proteolytic turnover of NICD by competing with Fbw7 for NICD binding, thereby leading to Notch pathway activation. Furthermore, NDR1 might function as a hub to modulate IL-6, TNF-α or Wnt3a induced activation of Notch1 signaling pathway and enrichment of breast cancer stem cells. Moreover, we find that the elevation of NDR1 expression predictes poor survival (OS, RFS, DMFS and PPS) in breast cancer.
Our study revealed a novel function of NDR1 in regulating BCSC properties by activating the Notch pathway. These data might provide a potential strategy for eradicating BCSC to overcome tumor relapses, metastasis and drug resistance.
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MCLR) is a phycotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. As a hepatotoxin, increasing evidence suggests that it has some negative effects on the mammal gastrointestinal tract, ...but further studies are warranted. In this study, we investigated the effects of MCLR on the intestinal epithelial microenvironment by oral administration of MCLR. As expected, MCLR at doses of 200 and 400 μg kg−1 bw showed hepatorenal toxicity in rats but without significant gastrointestinal symptoms. MCLR exposure decreased the thickness of the colonic epithelial mucus layer, and down-regulated the expression of main mucin protein (MUC2), cytoskeletal assembly-related genes (Arpc1a, Enah) and cytoskeletal stability-related genes (Ptk2, Prkca, Actn1, Pxn, Tln1, Cttn, Vcl) in colonic tissue to varying degrees, but did not affect the expression of cell connection-related genes including Zo1, Ocln, Cldn2 and Cdh1. In addition, MCLR exposure had a limited effect on gut bacterial diversity but clearly enriched specific bacteria. Prevotella, which plays a crucial role in balancing health and disease, was inhibited, whereas Muribaculaceae concerning the epithelial barrier, was promoted. Together, our findings demonstrate that MCLR exposure can weaken the colonic epithelial barrier by interfering with the stability of the cytoskeleton, which in turn exacerbates the homeostasis maintenance in the intestinal microenvironment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background subtraction is a key step in a wide spectrum of video applications, such as object tracking and human behavior analysis. Compressive sensing-based methods, which make little specific ...assumptions about the background, have recently attracted wide attention in background subtraction. Within the framework of compressive sensing, background subtraction is solved as a decomposition and optimization problem, where the foreground is typically modeled as pixel-wised sparse outliers. However, in real videos, foreground pixels are often not randomly distributed, but instead, group clustered. Moreover, due to costly computational expenses, most compressive sensing-based methods are unable to process frames online. In this paper, we take into account the group properties of foreground signals in both spatial and temporal domains, and propose a greedy pursuit-based method called spatio-temporal group sparsity recovery, which prunes data residues in an iterative process, according to both sparsity and group clustering priors, rather than merely sparsity. Furthermore, a random strategy for background dictionary learning is used to handle complex background variations, while foreground-free training is not required. Finally, we propose a two-pass framework to achieve online processing. The proposed method is validated on multiple challenging video sequences. Experiments demonstrate that our approach effectively works on a wide range of complex scenarios and achieves a state-of-the-art performance with far fewer computations.
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