A simple and novel method for the deposition of polypyrrole (PPy) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composites on different fiber substrates by reactive ink-jet printing was proposed. PPy/CNCs ...composites were successfully prepared, and the surface resistance of conductive layer deposited on different fiber substrates is the least when the monomer concentration is 0.6 M. PPy/CNCs were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to form a conductive layer by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the optimum sintering temperature is 100 °C (monomer/PVA ratio 4.0, conductivity 0.769 S cm−1). The PPy/CNCs conductive layer deposited on the paper has the lowest surface resistance and the best adhesion, and the surface resistance of PPy/CNCs conductive layer decreases first and then increases with the increase of sulfonate concentration. Moreover, the volume of anion in sulfonate will affect the arrangement and aggregation of PPy molecular chain in composite materials. Appropriate sulfonate doping can improve the conductivity and stability of conductive paper, and the maximum conductivity is 0.813 S cm−1. Three devices based on PPy/CNCs conductive paper were proposed and fabricated. Therefore, this ink-jet printing provides a new method for the preparation of conductive materials, sensors, energy storage and electromagnetic shielding, etc.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Acral and cutaneous melanomas are usually difficult to accurately diagnose in the early stage, owing to the similarity in clinical manifestations and morphology with those of dysplastic nevus (DN). ...In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of four-color fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) probes specific to the RREB1,CCND1,and MYB genes, and centromere of chromosome 6, in distinguishing DN and melanoma.
Fifty one DN and 58 melanoma cases were collected and tested with four-color FISH. Histological features were reviewed and concordant morphologic diagnosis by three pathologists was considered the golden criterion.
Fifty DN and 59 melanoma cases, with 37 melanomas in situ and 22 melanomas in Clark level 2, were confirmed finally; among them, 42 (71.2%) cases were acral. A comparison of clinicopathological features between the two entities showed that several features were considerably more frequently observed in the melanoma group, including more mitotic figures, stratum corneum pigmentation, lymphocyte infiltration, cell atypia, successive or pagetoid melanocyte growth pattern in the epidermis, larger tumor size, and older age at diagnosis. FISH was positive in 3 (6.0%) DN and 56 (94.9%) melanoma cases according to Gerami's criteria. In distinguishing the two groups, the sensitivity of the four-color FISH was 94.9% and specificity was 94.0%.We found that CCND1 gain was the most sensitive, either in Gerami's or Gaiser's criteria. Further analysis showed that CCND1gain was more obvious in the acral group of melanoma.
We conclude that the four-color FISH test was highly sensitive and specific in distinguishing early-stage acral and cutaneous melanomas from dysplastic nevus in Chinese population, and the most sensitive criterion was the gain of CCND1.
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Abstract
Thermal expansion microcapsules (TEMs) are widely used in various fields due to their unique structures. In recent years, TEMs have attracted much attention and have broad market application ...prospects. In this study, thermally expandable microcapsules with a core–shell structure were prepared by suspension polymerization using acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methyl acrylate (MA) as monomers and low-boiling alkane as the core material. Through particle size analysis, morphology test, thermal analysis and other methods, the effects of core material types, single core material and mixed core material, dispersion system on the microcapsule structure, particle size distribution, and expansion properties were compared. Moreover, the core material with a content of 35% can make the expansion ratio of the microcapsules up to 4 times. The expansion performance of the microcapsules with a mixture of isopentane and isooctane (ratio 1:1) as the core material was increased by 27% compared with that of a single core material. In addition, comparing with colloidal SO
2
/PVP dispersant, the expansion ratio of the microcapsules with magnesium hydroxide as the dispersant was increased by 20%. Finally, the optimized method for preparing thermally expandable microcapsules was obtained.
Although global contraceptive coverage has increased significantly, high rates of unintended pregnancy remain the current global status quo. A comparative analysis of the differences and correlations ...of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of both partners will help guide public health work according to gender characteristics and needs, and reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancy.
A questionnaire survey of people with unintended pregnancies including women and their male partners (
= 1,275 pairs) who sought help from the Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2017 to October 2021. Data were collected on sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in both partners who had unintended pregnancies. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of unintended pregnancy and KAP and its influencing factors. Paired odds ratio and McNemar's test were used to estimate the difference and concordance of KAP between partners.
This study included 1,275 partners with a mean age of 30.0 years. The partner's overall level of KAP is good. Compared with women, men had better knowledge (χ
= 3.93,
= 0.047) and more active contraceptive practices (χ
= 19.44,
< 0.001). In the analysis of partner concordance, male contraceptive intention was found to be better than female matched pairs odds ratio (OR
) = 2.56,
< 0.001, and the concordance of positive contraceptive practice between partners increased with male education adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.556, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.185-2.044,
= 0.001. In partner-paired regression analysis, compared with good contraceptive knowledge in both men and women in the partner, the risk of negative contraceptive practice was 1.7 times (aOR = 1.721, 95% CI = 1.234-2.400,
= 0.001) higher with good contraceptive knowledge in women but negative in men, while women with poor contraceptive knowledge but men with good knowledge are 1.3 times (aOR = 1.349, 95% CI = 1.000-1.819,
= 0.05) more likely to have negative contraceptive practices. In addition, compared with partners with positive contraceptive attitudes, women with positive attitudes but negative men and women with negative attitudes but positive men had 1.7 and 1.4 times the risk of negative contraceptive practices, respectively.
The study found that unintended pregnancy occurs mainly in young people, and the younger age of first sexual intercourse, the low education background and the lack of discussion of contraception between partners are risk factors for not taking contraceptive measures. Men's better knowledge and contraceptive practices compared with female partners, and poor male contraceptive knowledge and attitudes may lead to a higher risk of negative contraceptive practices, the results suggest that male KAP plays an important role in promoting contraceptive use and reducing unintended pregnancy.
Hydration greatly affects ionic state in an aqueous environment and thus influences their electrochemical performance. In this study, three alkali metal chlorides dissolved in neutral polyvinyl ...alcohol hydrogel are fully investigated for bendable solid‐state TiO2 nanotube capacitor (BSTC). Radius difference between bare ions and hydrated ions results in their obviously different electrochemical performance. Hydration makes lithium‐ion (Li+) possess the largest hydrated radius and the lowest mobility, which endows it the best capacitance performance in BSTC by electrochemical characterization. BSTC with hydrated Li+ achieves high capacitance retention rates of 87% at 1 V for 3000 cycles and of 70% at 2 V for 2500 cycles. Additionally, it has no significant capacitance variation when stored for one month or bended to 120°.
Alkali metal chlorides based poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as neutral electrolytes are fully investigated for bendable solid‐state capacitor. Hydration greatly affects ionic state in an aqueous environment and thus influences their electrochemical performance. Lithium chloride (LiCl) achieved the best capacitive behavior for the largest hydrated radius and lowest migration rate of Li+ in PVA hydrogel.
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Branched nanostructures of semiconductors based on one-dimensional heterostructures have many promising applications in optoelectronics, supercapacitors, photocatalysts, etc. Here, we report a novel ...branched core/shell CdO/ZnO hetero-nanostructure that resembles a Crimson bottlebrush (Callistemon Citrinus) but with intriguing hexagonal symmetry. The nanomaterials were fabricated via an improved one-step chemical vapor deposition method and consist of a CdO wire as the core and ZnO as the shell. With cadmium acting as a catalyst, ZnO nanowires grow as perpendicular branches from the CdO/ZnO one-dimensional core/shell structure. The nanostructures were characterized with X-ray diffraction scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A homogeneous epitaxial growth mechanism has been postulated for the formation of the nanostructure. The materials show a broad and strong absorption ranging from visible to ultraviolet and a better photoelectrocatalytic properties in comparison to pure ZnO or CdO. Our synthetic strategy may open up a new way for controlled preparation of one-dimensional nanomaterials with core/shell heterostructure, which could find potential applications in solar cells and opto-electrochemical water-splitting devices.
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Metalloporphyrins have attracted great attention in the potential application of biomimetic catalysis. Especially, they were widely investigated as green catalysts in the chemical oxidation of ...various hydrocarbons through the catalytic activation of molecular oxygen. The structural properties of active central metal ions were reported to play a decisive role in catalytic activity. However, those delicate structural changes are difficult to be experimentally captured or elucidated in detail. Herein, we explored the electronic structural properties of metalloporphyrins (metal porphyrin (PMII, PMIIICl)) and their corresponding catalytically active intermediates (metal(III)-peroxo(PMIII-O2), metal(III)-hydroperoxo(PMIII-OH), and metal(IV)-oxo(PMIV=O), (M=Fe, Mn, and Co)) through the density functional theory method. The ground states of these intermediates were determined based on the assessment of relative energy and the corresponding geometric structures of ground states also further confirmed the stability of energy. Furthermore, our analyses of Mulliken charges and frontier molecular orbitals revealed the potential catalytic behavior of reactive metalloporphyrin intermediates.
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Optical image is a kind of important data for communication because it is a two or three -dimensions data set to express communication information such as geographical signal, medical signal, remote ...sensing signal, etc. Thus, how to express the optical image properly is critical for the communication analytics. A new display method for optical image is described which is derived from the concept-Grayscale Standard Display Function (GSDF) which has been defined in DICOM, a medical image standard. The method analysis GSDF based on neural network processing which is different to DICOM. And the training data are from a self-assembly Equipment in NIM which is a traceable optical display equipment. Thus, the method has common usage for all optical image display, exceeding medical image. Furthermore, it is suitable for standardization because of the traceability.
In this paper, a simple, rapid and low-cost method for the high-sensitivity detection of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was developed, which adopted three amplification steps: (a) ...biotin–streptavidin amplification; (b) micro-magnetic probe amplification; (c) HRP (horseradish peroxidase) signal amplification. In the present strategy, the streptavidin-coated micro-magnetic particles (MMPs) were first conjugated with biotin-labeled capture antibody via the biotin–streptavidin interaction, which formed bio-functional micro-magnetic probes. Then, the analyte (antigen) is sandwiched by HRP-labeled antibody and capture antibody bound to MMPs. Finally, the HRP at the surface of sandwich structures catalytically oxidized the substrate and generated optical signals that reflected the amount of the target BNP. The influence of some important parameters such as the size of magnetic particles, the working concentration of HRP-labeled BNP antibody, the stability of magnetic probes, and the assay medium of serum BNP, etc. on the detection ability of present method was investigated in details. It is found that the detection limit of the proposed method could reach 10
pg/mL for BNP, which is much lower than that of sandwich-type ELISA. Furthermore, this detection time for the proposed method just takes about 30
min (two reaction steps and one wash step), which is faster than that of conventional sandwich-type ELISA (taking about 4
h, three reaction steps and three wash steps). Inspired by these advantages, it is expected that this method can probably be applicable to the detection of other hormones and tumor markers that are present in only low concentrations within the human body.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In visual diffuse transmission density measurement, it is hard to measure optical density (OD) up to 6.0 because the signal to noise is more than 10E-06. Thus, there are only two methods to find the ...measurement. One is using a highly sensitive detector with low background noise, and the other is improving the incident light flux with a wide spectrum, including visual scope. A new diffuse optics emitter was designed to realize OD measurements up to 6.0. It uses 235 optical fibers on a hemisphere to collect and feed in the incident flux, then emits this flux by a diffuse opal. Thus, an incident light with a high diffuse coefficient and high incident flux was realized for high OD measurement. This emitter has been used in the new national reference of National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM) for diffuse transmission optical density. According to the measurement result in this reference, the OD can be measured up to 6.6.
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