This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of HRAS mRNA expression in cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive cancer with an increasing incidence. Few studies have focused ...on the transcriptional level of RAS isoforms (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) in cutaneous melanoma. To gain further insight into RAS isoforms at transcriptional level, we obtained the cutaneous melanoma data from cBioPortal and investigated the RAS mRNA expression levels in different stages of melanoma and evaluated their correlation with clinical characteristics and patients’ survival. Furthermore, we retrieved and analyzed the coexpression data and performed pathway enrichment analysis. Totally, 452 cutaneous melanoma cases were included in this study. We found that lower HRAS expression level was associated with longer patient survival. 206 genes that negatively correlated with HRAS expression were positively correlated with KRAS and NRAS expression. In contrast, no gene that positively correlated with HRAS expression was positively correlated with KRAS and NRAS expression. In conclusion, our data showed that transcriptional regulation was different for the three RAS isoforms in cutaneous melanoma. This study highlighted the prognostic value of HRAS mRNA expression and revealed that HRAS greatly differs from KRAS and NRAS at the transcriptional level.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Wastewater purification has been a longstanding and urgent global environmental concern. Electrospun materials have emerged as a promising solution due to large specific surface area, ...micro/nano-scale, hierarchical structure and flexible compositional regulation, and ease of functionalization. Making them suitable for a variety of scenarios by enabling strategies of adsorption, catalytic degradation, filtration, and distillation, with benefits of low energy consumption, high efficiency, and simplified processes. This review aims to provide an overview of the design strategies, underlying mechanisms, and application progress of electrospun nanomaterials for wastewater purification. Initially, we introduce electrospinning technology for preparing functional nanomaterials, involving the principles, advantages, and flexible product strategies. Subsequently, recent research progresses in treating wastewater contaminated by oil, dyes, heavy metal ions, and bacteria are discussed, integrating insights into their mechanisms and performance evaluation. In recent years, more than 1000 work articles have been reported annually in this field, showing a booming growth trend. Finally, a summary and outlook are provided, aiming to expedite practical water purification through synergistic collaboration between industry and research, effective materials and device optimization, and advancing new theories and technological innovations.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Nucleic acid therapy is attracting great attention in diverse clinical translations because of its therapeutic advantages. As a renowned oligonucleotide therapeutical candidate in the clinical stage, ...AS1411 has shown outstanding tumor suppressing effects; however, its efficient delivery to the cell nucleus is critical for its anticancer effect. Herein, we identified a multifunctional peptide drug conjugate (PDC) as a safe and efficient carrier to achieve the nuclear delivery of AS1411. This PDC consists of the cell penetration peptide RW9, an HDAC inhibitor warhead (peptide C-terminus), and 5-FU (peptide N-terminus), which can coassemble with AS1411 to form nanospheres. The PDC efficiently delivered AS1411 to the nucleus of several types of cancer cells. Moreover, it reversed the stemness of a cancer stem-like cell line. Significantly, due to the assembly-induced accumulation enhancement and retention, a safe single agent concentration of PDC showed unexpected synergy with AS1411 to augment the cancer cell suppression efficiency, exemplified by the downregulation of the stemness-related proteins and the upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins. Therefore, our work presents a powerful strategy for the nuclear delivery of nucleic acid drugs by leveraging cancer-suppressing PDC as assembly inducers, which provides a powerful combination regimen in treating cancer stem-like cells.
Nucleic acid therapy is attracting great attention in diverse clinical translations because of its therapeutic advantages.
Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a key physiological process that maintains the homeostasis of mitochondrial quality and quantity. Monitoring mitophagy is of great significance for detecting ...cellular abnormalities and developing therapeutic drugs. However, there are still very few biomarkers specifically developed for monitoring mitophagy. Here, we propose for the first time that mitochondrial G-quadruplex may serve as a biomarker for mitophagy detection, and develope a fluorescent light-up probe AMTC to monitor mitophagy in live cells. During mitophagy, AMTC fluorescence is significantly enhanced, but once mitophagy is inhibited, its fluorescence immediately decreases. The fluorescence behavior of AMTC implicates an increase in the formation of mitochondrial G-quadruplex during mitophagy. This inference has also been supported by the other two G-quadruplex probes. Taken together, this work provides a new possible biomarker and detection tool for the study of mitophagy.
•Mitochondrial G-quadruplex is proposed as a biomarker for mitophagy detection.•Fluorescent probe AMTC can monitor mitophagy by recognizing G-quadruplexes.•The fluorescence of AMTC is positively correlated with the progression of mitophagy.•Both mitophagy induction and inhibition were sensitively monitored.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A low-cost and rapid assay for f-PSA in serum was developed using MMP-based CLEIA.•f-PSA detection: 0.1–30ngmL−1 concentration range; 0.1ngmL−1 detection limit.•The proposed method showed high ...sensitivity, good reproducibility and stability.•The strategy showed great potential in the fabrication of MMP-based f-PSA test kits.
We report a magnetic-particle (MMP)-based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for free prostate-specific antigen (f-PSA) in human serum. In this method, the f-PSA is sandwiched between the anti-PSA antibody coated MMPs and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled anti-f-PSA antibody. The signal produced by the emitted photons from the chemiluminescent substrate (4-methoxy-4-(3-phosphatephenyl)-spiro-(1,2-dioxetane-3,2′-adamantane)) is directly proportional to the amount of f-PSA in a sample. The present MMP-based assay can detect f-PSA in the range of 0.1–30ngmL−1 with the detection limit of 0.1ngmL−1. The linear detection range could match the concentration range within the “diagnostic gray zone” of serum f-PSA levels (4–10ngmL−1). The detection limit was sufficient for measuring clinically relevant f-PSA levels (>4ngmL−1). Furthermore, the method was highly selective; it was unaffected by cross-reaction with human glandular kallikrein-2, a kallikrein-like serine protease that is 80% similar to f-PSA. The proposed method was finally applied to determine f-PSA in 40 samples of human sera. Results obtained using the method showed high correlation with those obtained using a commercially available microplate CLEIA kit (correlation coefficient, 0.9821). This strategy shows great potential application in the fabrication of diagnostic kits for determining f-PSA in serum.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Silver amine ion aqueous solution was used as the inkjet ink, and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) added reducing agent was served as the printing substrate. An oil-water interface reaction was made ...to generate silver nanoparticle by inkjet printing. A mosaic silver layer with 15–20 μm thickness was obtained. Bendable circuits were fabricated by inkjet printing technology. This fabricating method will provide a promising avenue for applications in functional materials patterning, flexible optoelectronic device, and related fields.
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•Fabricating bendable circuits was studied with inkjet printing technology based on an oil-water interface reaction.•Silver ion aqueous solution and liquid reducing oil substrate were fabricated to form an oil-water interface reacting system.•The wettability between water phase and oil phase was enhanced by adding a small amount of surfactant.•A mosaic silver layer with 15–20 μm thickness was obtained on the PDMS surface.•The bendability of the inkjet printed circuit was greatly improved with the mosaic structure.
Bendable circuits were precisely fabricated by inkjet printing technology based on an oil-water interface reaction. Silver amine ion aqueous solution was used as inkjet ink, and liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) added reducing agent was served as printing substrate. Oil-water interface patterns were fabricated with inkjet printing technology. Then an oil-water interface reaction was carried out to generate silver circuit. It is demonstrated that the water phase could wet well the oil phase for generating a thick and compact silver layer by adding a small amount of surfactant. A mosaic silver layer with 15–20 μm thickness was obtained on the PDMS surface. The bendability of the inkjet printed circuit was greatly improved with the mosaic structure. This work presents a facile way to fabricate bendable circuits by inkjet printing technology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Sensing mechanism diagram of AuNCs/GO/SAM/AuE based PEC system.
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•PEC sensors with AuNCs/GO hybrid nanocomposites and LBL methods provided enhanced photoelectrical and sensing ...performances.•BSA-AuNCs were chosen in building multichannel measurement system with simple structures and simple fabrication processes.•BSA-AuNCs/GO multilayers based PEC sensors can be used for multichannel detection of DA and H2O2 at different potentials.•GO played different enhancement roles in the detection of DA and H2O2 in BSA-AuNCs/GO hybrid nanocomposites.
Herein we present the development of a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated fluorescent gold nanocluster (BSA-AuNC)/graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanocomposite-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor, which can be used for multichannel detection of both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dopamine (DA) within one chip at negative and positive potentials, respectively. BSA-AuNC-based biosensors generally exhibit poor PEC sensing performance owing to their poor separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs and low electrode coverage. Consequently, improved AuNC/GO hybrid nanocomposites and a layer-by-layer (LBL) method are introduced in this study. The enhancement was investigated by exploring the optimum concentration of GO (0.12mgmL−1) and LBL number (four layers) for the preparation of the BSA-AuNC materials, revealing that GO plays different enhancement roles in the detection of H2O2 and DA. Compared to the results from other gold nanoclusters with different ligands, the photoelectrical enhancement of BSA-AuNCs can be achieved for both negative and positive potentials simultaneously with the same optimum GO concentration and LBL number. Thus, the detection of H2O2 and DA was achieved by BSA-AuNC/GO multilayers with enhanced sensing properties and easier fabrication processes. The two enhancement methods acting together led to an improvement in the limits of detection (LODs) from 325μM to 23μM (H2O2) and from 7.45μM to 1.5μM (DA). Thus, our strategy shows great potential for the improvement of PEC sensing structure, and provides a method for multichannel detection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how and when used by employees influences witnessing customers’ willingness to spread positive word of mouth (WOM).
Design/methodology/approach
...This research used a qualitative method to develop a typology of necessary evil using two pilot studies and an experimental study to test the theoretical model.
Findings
The results show that the necessary evil used by employees to manage dysfunctional customers positively influences witnessing customers’ perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice and their subsequent deontic justice perceptions, resulting in their willingness to spread positive WOM. Moreover, the positive influence of necessary evil on witnessing customers’ responses is strengthened when dysfunctional customer behavior (DCB) targets another customer as opposed to an employee.
Practical implications
This research offers service providers a better understanding of how to manage DCBs.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing necessary evil to the service literature, proposing a new typology of employee response strategies to DCB based on necessary evil and examining how necessary evil drives positive customer responses. Additionally, it is among the first to examine the relationship between deontic justice and traditional justice mechanisms.
Recently, stretchable and wearable health monitoring equipment has greatly improved human’s daily life, which sets higher demands for portable power source in stretchability, sustainability, and ...biocompatibility. In this work, we proposed a stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on stretchable poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/porous carbon hybrid for oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) monitoring. To combine advantages of carbon material for its high conductivity and organic electrode for its high stretchability, we spin-coated a solution of PEDOT:PSS/porous carbon onto a plasma-treated pre-stretched Ecoflex film to fabricate a stretchable electrode with rough surface. Due to its roughness and high potential difference with the dielectric material, the stretchable-electrode-based TENG exhibited better performance compared to the pristine TENG based on carbon or PEDOT:PSS material. The output voltage and current reached up to 51.5 V and 13.2 µA as the carbon concentration increased. More importantly, the performance further increased under large strain (100%) which is suitable for wearable systems. Finally, the device demonstrated its application potential for powering a flexible blood oxygen monitor. This simple and cost-effective method can enhance the stretchability and stability of organic/inorganic electrode-based TENG, which paves the development of high-performance stretchable TENG.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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