Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has rapidly developed as a powerful alternative to traditional photodynamic therapy due to its intrinsically deeper tissue-penetration. However, single SDT dose is incapable ...of radical cure because the long-term hypoxia of tumor limits its therapeutic effect. Herein, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform with dual pH/ultrasound response, homologous targeting and low phototoxicity for combined nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy with SDT to solve the problem. This nanoplatform is composed of zeolite imidazole framework-8 material embedded with nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) by one-step encapsulation, and then wrapped by homologous tumor cell membrane. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the biomimetic nanoplatform has excellent biocompatibility and shows higher retention in tumor by homologous targeting. Importantly, it can sustainably release the encapsulated drug in acidic tumor microenvironment and accelerate degradation by ultrasound (US). Furthermore, NO released from GSNO and reactive oxygen species generated by Ce6, which are both triggered by US, react with each other to produce highly reactive peroxynitrite to inhibit the growth of tumor. Moreover, by repeated US irradiation, the tumor hypoxia can be relieved for a much-longer term, resulting in an effective gas-sonodynamic combined treatment. This study fully utilizes the advantages of US, providing a new strategy for high-performance cancer therapy.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fatty acid saturation (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid) on water distribution, migration, and gel properties of pork ...salt‐soluble protein, by detected indicators that are Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and gel strength. These results suggested that the WHC and gel strength decreased with the decrease of fatty acid saturation (p < 0.05). LF‐NMR analysis revealed that the relaxation time T21 and T22 decrease (p < 0.05) with the decrease of fatty acid saturation. Results also showed that the T21 increased and T23 decreased in linolenic acid group compared with oleic acid group. Meanwhile, the peak area ratio of P21 and P22 decreased (p < 0.05), while P23 increased (p < 0.05). Therefore, the saturation of fatty acids had a great influence on the gel properties of protein.
Practical Application
It provides a theoretical basis for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids emulsified gel meat products and promotes the development of meat processing industry.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To conduct meta-analyses of all published studies on various aspects of association between vitamin D and tuberculosis (TB).
PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for all properly controlled ...studies on vitamin D and TB. Pooled odds ratio, mean difference or standardized mean difference, and its corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated with the Cochrane Review Manager 5.3.
A significantly lower vitamin D level was found in TB patients vs controls; vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was associated with an increased risk of TB, although such an association was lacking in the African population and in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected African population. A significantly lower vitamin D level was found in human immunodeficiency virus-TB-coinfected African patients receiving antiretroviral treatment who developed TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome vs those who did not develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. VDD was associated with an increased risk of developing active TB in those subjects with latent TB infection and with an increased risk of tuberculin skin test conversion/TB infection conversion, and the trend toward a lower vitamin D level in active TB patients vs latent TB infection subjects did not reach statistical significance, indicating that VDD was more likely a risk factor than a consequence of TB. This concept was further strengthened by our result that anti-TB treatment did not affect vitamin D level in TB patients receiving the treatment.
Our analyses revealed an association between vitamin D and TB. VDD is more likely a risk factor for TB than its consequence. More studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to TB prevention and treatment.
Chronic pain is a prevalent neurological complication among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in the post-combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. These individuals ...experience malfunction in various cellular and molecular pathways involved in pain transmission and modulation, including the neuropathology of the peripheral sensory neurons and neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the underlying etiologies and mechanisms leading to pain pathogenesis are complex and not fully understood. In this review, we aim to summarize recent progress in this field. Specifically, we will begin by examining neuropathology in the pain pathways identified in PLHIV and discussing potential causes, including those directly related to HIV-1 infection and comorbidities, such as antiretroviral drug use. We will also explore findings from animal models that may provide insights into the molecular and cellular processes contributing to neuropathology and chronic pain associated with HIV infection. Emerging evidence suggests that viral proteins and/or antiretroviral drugs trigger a complex pathological cascade involving neurons, glia, and potentially non-neural cells, and that interactions between these cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Backgrounds
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common malignant tumor. Increasing evidences indicated that CRC showed a resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and further resulted in a poor prognosis. In ...this study, we aim to investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (LncRNA NEAT1) on cell viability, sensitivity to 5‐FU, and autophagy of CRC cell lines.
Methods
MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐Htetrazolium bromide) was used to detect cell viability, immunofluorescent staining was used to detect autophagy puncta, and luciferase reporter system was used to determine binding ability between miR‐34a and NEAT1 or putative targets. Additionally, indicated mRNAs and protein expressions were determined by qRT‐PCR or western blotting, respectively.
Results
We found that NEAT1 expression was increased in CRC tissues and cells, which showed a negative correlation with miR‐34a expression. In addition, NEAT1 knockdown noticeably inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells and enhanced 5‐FU sensitivity. It revealed that NEAT1 knockdown suppressed the LC3 puncta and the expressions of Beclin‐1, ULK1, and ratio of LC3II/I. Overexpression of miR‐34a showed similar trends with NEAT1 knockdown. miR‐34a was validated to target the putative binding sites in 3′‐UTR of HMGB1, ATG9A, and ATG4B, which are involved in the activation of autophagy. Inhibition of miR‐34a or overexpression of HMGB1 could effectively reverse elevated 5‐FU sensitivity upon NEAT1 knockdown. In addition, 3‐MA reversed NEAT1 overexpression‐induced resistance in HT29 cells.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that LncRNA NEAT1 could target miR‐34a and promote autophagy to facilitate 5‐FU chemoresistance in CRC.
NEAT1 knockdown attenuates autophagy to elevate 5‐FU sensitivity in CRC cell lines. NEAT1 is an endogenous compete RNA of miR‐34a in CRC.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
The low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique were carried out to evaluate the relationship between hydration characteristics and proteins ...structure in different stages pork of meat batters. The results showed that T21 increased throughout the process and the change of T22 and P21 was easily impacted by water, and the alternation of secondary structure was mostly impacted by salt; P21 was negatively correlated with the content of β‐sheet (r = −0.862), and positively correlated with the content of α‐helix (r = 0.933), β‐turn (r = 0.871) and random coil (r = 0.677), which meant there was some relationship between secondary structure and water distribution and migration. This research will provide theoretical support for the processing and production of meat products.
The change of P21 was easily impacted by water not salt. The alternation of secondary conformation might by salt and not water. The less β‐sheet, the strong capacity of water holding in meat. The larger α‐helix, β‐turn, and random coil, the strong capacity of water holding in meat.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Quality control can decrease variations in the performance of colonoscopists and improve the effectiveness of colonoscopy to prevent colorectal cancers. Unfortunately, routine quality control is ...difficult to carry out because a practical method is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop an automatic quality control system (AQCS) and assess whether it could improve polyp and adenoma detection in clinical practice.
First, we developed AQCS based on deep convolutional neural network models for timing of the withdrawal phase, supervising withdrawal stability, evaluating bowel preparation, and detecting colorectal polyps. Next, consecutive patients were prospectively randomized to undergo routine colonoscopies with or without the assistance of AQCS. The primary outcome of the study was the adenoma detection rate (ADR) in the AQCS and control groups.
A total of 659 patients were enrolled and randomized. A total of 308 and 315 patients were analyzed in the AQCS and control groups, respectively. AQCS significantly increased the ADR (0.289 vs 0.165, P < .001) and the mean number of adenomas per procedure (0.367 vs 0.178, P < .001) compared with the control group. A significant increase was also observed in the polyp detection rate (0.383 vs 0.254, P = .001) and the mean number of polyps detected per procedure (0.575 vs 0.305, P < .001). In addition, the withdrawal time (7.03 minutes vs 5.68 minutes, P < .001) and adequate bowel preparation rate (87.34% vs 80.63%, P = .023) were superior for the AQCS group.
AQCS could effectively improve the performance of colonoscopists during the withdrawal phase and significantly increase polyp and adenoma detection. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03622281.)
Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
The purpose of this study was to detect the effects of lipids on the properties of emulsified myofibrillar protein (MP) interfacial layer by Raman spectroscopy combined with the protein ...adsorption characteristics. Results revealed that compared with butter and lard groups, the α‐helix content in the soybean oil emulsifying layer was decreased (P < 0.05), while β‐sheets and β‐turns were increased (P < 0.05). The tryptophan bands and the disulphide bonds were higher in the soybean oil emulsifying layer, which implied a secondary structure, covalent bonding and hydrophobic interactions between the different lipids and MP have distinctive features. Moreover, the absolute value of the zeta potential in the soybean oil emulsifying layer was the highest, and the unit interface membrane protein surface loading (ΓS) was higher, indicating that the soybean oil could form a more stable emulsifying layer with MP.
The influence of different lipids on the MP protein layer during the emulsification process.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
•High unsaturation degree promoted phase transition and lowered the domain sizes.•High unsaturation degree facilitated polymorphic transition and stable networks.•UFAs involved the ...beeswax self-assembly by van der Waals forces and π-π stacking.•PUFAs regulated the textural properties of oleogels bidirectionally.
Fish oils contain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but easily cause quality deterioration due to the oxidation. Beeswax-based oleogels could wrap fish oils by beeswax self-assembly. The phase transition, crystal structure and non-covalent interaction were investigated to reveal the self-assembly mechanism from the perspective of beeswax and oil phase characteristics. The results indicated that high unsaturation degree, PUFAs and beeswax additions promoted phase transition, SFC and stable crystal networks. The changes of crystal structures were ascribed to the polymorphism and polymorphic transition. β-Polymorphs could form crystal networks, and β′-polymorphs could influence the size of crystal chains or clusters as well as crystalline domains. Crystalline domain sizes affected crystal morphologies and network structures, including plate-like structures and multi-layer porous structures. UFAs could involve the beeswax self-assembly to change structure characteristics by van der Waals forces and π-π stacking. The OBC remained 100%, when beeswax additions reached more than 6%. Hence, beeswax additions, PUFA contents and unsaturation degree all influenced the self-assembly mechanism and adjusted the macroscopic properties of oleogels.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Big data, because it can mine new knowledge for economic growth and technical innovation, has recently received considerable attention, and many research efforts have been directed to big data ...processing due to its high volume, velocity, and variety (referred to as "3V") challenges. However, in addition to the 3V challenges, the flourishing of big data also hinges on fully understanding and managing newly arising security and privacy challenges. If data are not authentic, new mined knowledge will be unconvincing; while if privacy is not well addressed, people may be reluctant to share their data. Because security has been investigated as a new dimension, "veracity," in big data, in this article, we aim to exploit new challenges of big data in terms of privacy, and devote our attention toward efficient and privacy-preserving computing in the big data era. Specifically, we first formalize the general architecture of big data analytics, identify the corresponding privacy requirements, and introduce an efficient and privacy-preserving cosine similarity computing protocol as an example in response to data mining's efficiency and privacy requirements in the big data era.
PDF
