•CdS/CdSe bilayer thin films were fabricated by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) and electrodeposition (ED), which were the simplicity and low cost methods.•The CdS thin films, which were ...prepared with chemical bath deposition and electrodeposition, had the different crystal form. When these two types CdS films had the same thickness, the ED film had better optical absorption in visible light area.•CdSe sensitized CdS films showed enhancement in photocurrent density and photoconversion efficiency (PCE). CdS(ED)/CdSe had higher photocurrent density of about −6mA/cm2, and PCE of 3.41%.
In this work, various kinds of CdS and CdS/CdSe thin films were fabricated on ITO conductive glass by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and/or electrodeposition (ED) methods. These films were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM and optical absorption. Their photoelectrochemical properties were also investigated. First, two kinds of CdS thin films were firstly deposited on ITO conductive glass by CBD or ED. It was found that the two kinds of CdS films showed different compositions and crystal structures. The CdS film prepared by CBD is S-rich and has a cubic zinc blende structure, while the CdS film prepared by ED is Cd-rich and has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Furthermore, CdSe was deposited on the as-obtained CdS films by a galvanostatical ED method, resulting in CdS/CdSe bilayer thin films. The achieved CdS/CdSe bilayer thin films showed enhanced optical absorption than the CdS monolayer thin film. For the photoelectrochemical properties, the CdS/CdSe bilayer thin film also exhibited enhanced photocurrent density and photoconversion efficiency in comparison with the CdS monolayer thin film. In particular, the CdS/CdSe bilayer thin film in which the CdS layer was obtained by ED, showed a maximum photocurrent density of about 6mA/cm2 and maximum photoconversion efficiency of 3.41%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In implosion experiments, bremsstrahlung radiation ratios of broad-energy-band x-ray emission intensities (sampled by Ross pair) and narrow-energy-band x-ray emission intensities (sampled by ...multilayer) are typically used to extract the hotspot electron temperature. The latter method could potentially be more accurate because it does not require any additional theoretical arithmetic. However, the boundary conditions of the energy band, drastic influence on the measured electron temperature resulting from response differences of recording devices in the energy band, evident impact from uncertainties of the detector aiming, and coordinate interrelations for the two narrow-energy-band x-ray images have not been explored. These problems should be overcome to obtain the accurate hotspot electron temperature using the narrow-energy-band x-ray emission intensities method. This study solves the problems indicated above by exploring a diagnosis technique to extract the accurate hotspot electron temperature. In particular, we determine that the effect of the response differences and uncertainties could be ignored when the width of the sampled narrow energy band is approximately ±0.5 keV in the linear spectrum response regions of the imaging plate, and the reflectivity of the multilayer is uniform and constant in that energy band and the viewing field of the detector (≥±110 µm). This study is the first to consider the linear spectrum response of the imaging plate in different energy regions, eliminating the effect of the response differences. Finally, the maximal emission intensities in the two recorded-energy-band x-ray images can be used for coordinate interrelation.
With the progress of nuclear radiation technology in China,radiation detection has been developed rapidly in recent years for the wide usage in radiation safety monitoring,radioactive medicine ...diagnosis/treatment,X-ray security inspection,industrial non-destructive detection,microscopic particle track detection,and many other fields.Radio-photoluminescence（RPL）,as a new radiation detection method,is a phenomenon in which a new luminescence center is generated inside a material under ionizing radiation which can be excited by ultraviolet light to emit a special light.RPL materials usually have characteristics of storing radiation information,almost no attenuation of information,good linear dose response,high radiation sensitivity,low energy dependence,and repeatable reading,which can overcome the shortcomings in stability and reusability of optically stimulated luminescence（OSL） materials and thermally stimulated luminescence（TSL） materials.Since the RPL phenomenon was reported,RPL materials have emerged const
The first octahedral spherical hohlraum energetics experiment is accomplished at the SGIII laser facility. For the first time, the 32 laser beams are injected into the octahedral spherical hohlraum ...through six laser entrance holes. Two techniques are used to diagnose the radiation field of the octahedral spherical hohlraum in order to obtain comprehensive experimental data. The radiation flux streaming out of laser entrance holes is measured by six flat-response x-ray detectors (FXRDs) and four M-band x-ray detectors, which are placed at different locations of the SGIII target chamber. The radiation temperature is derived from the measured flux of FXRD by using the blackbody assumption. The peak radiation temperature inside hohlraum is determined by the shock wave technique. The experimental results show that the octahedral spherical hohlraum radiation temperature is in the range of 170-182 eV with drive laser energies of 71 kJ to 84 kJ. The radiation temperature inside the hohlraum determined by the shock wave technique is about 175 eV at 71 kJ. For the flat-top laser pulse of 3 ns, the conversion efficiency of gas-filled octahedral spherical hohlraum from laser into soft x rays is about 80% according to the two-dimensional numerical simulation.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This study explores the radiation field temperatures introduced by the laser spot, the re-emitting wall in a hohlraum and the entire hohlraum drive source. This investigation, which is the first of ...its kind, is based on the radiation fluxes from the laser spot and the re-emitting wall, which have been accurately measured using time- and space-resolving flux detectors in a recent work, and additional flux data. The temperature difference between the laser spot and the entire hohlraum drive source was 6.08-35.35% of the temperature of the latter throughout the entire laser pulse, whilst that for the re-emitting wall was 3.90-12.81%. The radiation temperature of the cooler re-emitting wall had more influence on the temperature increase of the entire hohlraum drive source than the hot laser-spot temperature, which has been quantitatively discussed. Experimentally, we established the average distributions of the temperature fields of all the emitting sources, namely laser spot and re-emitting wall, of the irradiating fluxes on the capsule region in the hohlraum radiation field. This important progress in the exploration of radiation temperature distributions within a hohlraum will provide a foundation for determination of the irradiating radiation on the capsule and evaluation of capsule symmetry.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to study the laser plasma instabilities (LPIs) in the context of some novel six-side laser-driven indirect designs like the six-cylinder-port hohlraum and the three-axis cylindrical ...hohlraum, where the laser beams inject in hohlraum with a large angle. LPI experiments in cylindrical hohlraum with only outer beams were designed and performed based on the current laser arrangement condition of SGIII laser facility for the first time. Stimulated Brillouin backscatter (SBS) was found to be the dominant instability with high instantaneous reflectivity in experiments. A typical feature was obtained in the time-resolved spectra of SBS, which maintained similar for different laser intensities of the interaction beam. The experimental data are analyzed by the hydrodynamic simulations combined with HLIP code, which is based on the ray-tracing model. By analysis of experimental data, it is argued that the mixture of gas and Au in the region of their interface is important to SBS, which indicates the need for the mixture model between the filled gas and the high Z plasma from hohlraum wall in the hydrodynamic simulations. Nonlinear saturation of SBS as well as the smoothed beam are also discussed here. Our effective considerations of the ions pervasion effect and the smoothed beam provide utilitarian ways for improvement of the current ray-tracing method.
We report experimental research on laser plasma interaction (LPI) conducted in Shenguang laser facilities during the past ten years. The research generally consists of three phases: (1) developing ...platforms for LPI research in mm-scale plasma with limited drive energy, where both gasbag and gas-filled hohlraum targets are tested; (2) studying the effects of beam-smoothing techniques, such as continuous phase plate and polarization smoothing, on the suppression of LPI; and (3) exploring the factors affecting LPI in integrated implosion experiments, which include the laser intensity, gas-fill pressure, size of the laser-entrance hole, and interplay between different beam cones. Results obtained in each phase will be presented and discussed in detail.
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