The widespread implementation of high-energy-density lithium metal batteries has long been fettered by lithium dendrite-related failure. Here we report a new strategy to address the issue of dendrite ...growth by a polyimide-coating layer with vertical nanoscale channels of high aspect ratio. Smooth, granular lithium metal was deposited on the modified electrode instead of typical filamentary growths. In a comparison with the bare planar electrode, the modified electrode achieved greatly enhanced Coulombic efficiency and longer cycle life. Homogeneous Li+ flux distribution above the modified electrode from the nanochannel confinement can account for a uniform Li nucleation and a nondendrite growth. We also demonstrated that the polyimide coating with microscale pores loses the confinement effects and fails to suppress lithium dendrites. This strategy of spatially defined lithium growth in vertical-aligned nanochannels provides a novel approach and a significant step toward stabilizing Li metal anodes.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Two-dimensional (2D) crystal semiconductors, such as the well-known molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), are witnessing an explosion in research activities due to their apparent potential for various ...electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this paper, dissipative quantum transport simulations using nonequilibrium Green's function formalism are performed to rigorously evaluate the scalability and performance of monolayer/multilayer 2D semiconductor-based FETs for sub-10 nm gate length very large-scale integration (VLSI) technologies. Device design considerations in terms of the choice of prospective 2D material/structure/technology to fulfill sub-10 nm International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) requirements are analyzed. First, it is found that MoS 2 FETs can meet high-performance (HP) requirement up to 6.6 nm gate length using bilayer MoS 2 as the channel material, while low-standby-power (LSTP) requirements present significant challenges for all sub-10 nm gate lengths. Second, by studying the effects of underlap (UL) structures, scattering strength, and carrier effective mass, it is found that the high mobility and suitably low effective mass of tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ), aided by the UL, enable 2D FETs for both HP and LSTP applications at the smallest foreseeable (5.9 nm) gate length. Finally, possible solutions for sub-5 nm gate lengths, specifically anisotropic 2D semiconductor materials for HP and sub-kT/q switch (2D tunnel FET) for LSTP, are also proposed based on the effects of critical material parameters on the device performance.
Gastrointestinal microbiota may be involved in
associated gastric cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore the possible microbial mechanisms in gastric carcinogenesis and potential ...dysbiosis arising from
infection.
Deep sequencing of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate alterations in paired gastric biopsies and stool samples in 58 subjects with successful and 57 subjects with failed anti-
treatment, relative to 49
negative subjects.
In
positive subjects, richness and Shannon indexes increased significantly (both p<0.001) after successful eradication and showed no difference to those of negative subjects (p=0.493 for richness and p=0.420 for Shannon index). Differential taxa analysis identified 18 significantly altered gastric genera after eradication. The combination of these genera into a Microbial Dysbiosis Index revealed that the dysbiotic microbiota in
positive mucosa was associated with advanced gastric lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia) and could be reversed by eradication. Strong coexcluding interactions between
and
,
,
,
,
were found only in advanced gastric lesion patients, and were absent in normal/superficial gastritis group. Changes in faecal microbiota included increased
after successful
eradication and more upregulated drug-resistant functional orthologs after failed treatment.
infection contributes significantly to gastric microbial dysbiosis that may be involved in carcinogenesis. Successful
eradication potentially restores gastric microbiota to a similar status as found in uninfected individuals, and shows beneficial effects on gut microbiota.
With the rapid development of regional economy, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission increase sharply. This study examines the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and regional ...economic growth. Based on the mean value decomposition method of double logarithm, the model was built to identify the key indexes affecting the decomposition, and the carbon emission formula was calculated to obtain the regional carbon dioxide emission. Based on the actual data, the kuznets curve model is established to represent the relationship between CO2 emission and regional economic growth in logarithm form. The unit root test, co-integration test and granger causality test are carried out for the correlation sequences in the kuznets curve model in order to realize the research on the relationship between CO2 emission and regional economic growth. This paper discusses the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and regional economic growth through an example. It shows that the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and regional economic growth is inversely u-shaped, and there is a kuznets curve between the two. According to the result of empirical analysis, the paper puts forward some suggestions to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency, which is helpful to improve social and economic structure and promote social and economic development.
With the increasing demand for wearable electronics (such as smartwatch equipment, wearable health monitoring systems, and human–robot interface units), flexible energy storage systems with ...eco‐friendly, low‐cost, multifunctional characteristics, and high electrochemical performances are imperative to be constructed. Nanocellulose with sustainable natural abundance, superb properties, and unique structures has emerged as a promising nanomaterial, which shows significant potential for fabricating functional energy storage systems. This review is intended to provide novel perspectives on the combination of nanocellulose with other electrochemical materials to design and fabricate nanocellulose‐based flexible composites for advanced energy storage devices. First, the unique structural characteristics and properties of nanocellulose are briefly introduced. Second, the structure–property–application relationships of these composites are addressed to optimize their performances from the perspective of processing technologies and micro/nano‐interface structure. Next, the recent specific applications of nanocellulose‐based composites, ranging from flexible lithium‐ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors to emerging electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium‐sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and zinc‐ion batteries, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future developments in nanocellulose‐based composites for the next generation of flexible energy storage systems are proposed.
Recent advances on nanocellulose‐based composites consisting of nanocellulose and other electrochemical materials for emerging flexible energy‐storage devices are comprehensively discussed, with a focus on structure–property–application relationships to optimize their performance. The current challenges and future developments regarding design and fabrication of nanocellulose‐based composites for the next generation of energy‐storage systems are discussed and proposed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
SnSe is challenging to use in thermoelectric devices due to difficulties in simultaneously optimizing its thermoelectric and mechanical properties. Here, the authors show a unique solvothermal ...synthetic environmental design to fabricate super‐large and micro/nanoporous Sn0.965Se microplates by using CrCl3. Cl− ions to trigger Sn‐vacancy formation and optimize the hole concentration to ≈3 × 1019 cm−3, while the as‐formed Cr(OH)3 colloidal precipitations act as “templates” to achieve micro/nanoporous features, leading to low lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.2 W m−1 K−1 in the as‐sintered polycrystal, contributing to a high ZT of ≈2.4 at 823 K and an average ZT of ≈1.1. Of particular note, the polycrystal exhibits high hardness (≈2.26 GPa) and compression strength (≈109 MPa), strengthened by grain refinement and vacancy‐induced lattice distortions and dislocations; while a single‐leg device provides a stable output power (>100 mW) and conversion efficiency of ≈10% by a temperature difference of 425 K, indicating great potential for applying to practical thermoelectric devices.
A solvothermal synthetic environmental design to fabricate super‐large and micro/nanoporous Sn0.965Se microplates using CrCl3 is employed, and the mechanically robust polycrystals sintered from these microplates exhibit a high ZT of ≈2.4 at 823 K and an average ZT of ≈1.1, leading to a conversion efficiency of ≈10% by a temperature difference of 425 K in the single‐leg device.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Dysregulated prefrontal control over amygdala is engaged in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases including depression and anxiety disorders. Here we show that, in a rodent anxiety model induced ...by chronic restraint stress (CRS), the dysregulation occurs in basolateral amygdala projection neurons receiving mono-directional inputs from dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC→BLA PNs) rather than those reciprocally connected with dmPFC (dmPFC↔BLA PNs). Specifically, CRS shifts the dmPFC-driven excitatory-inhibitory balance towards excitation in the former, but not latter population. Such specificity is preferential to connections made by dmPFC, caused by enhanced presynaptic glutamate release, and highly correlated with the increased anxiety-like behavior in stressed mice. Importantly, low-frequency optogenetic stimulation of dmPFC afferents in BLA normalizes the enhanced prefrontal glutamate release onto dmPFC→BLA PNs and lastingly attenuates CRS-induced increase of anxiety-like behavior. Our findings thus reveal a target cell-based dysregulation of mPFC-to-amygdala transmission for stress-induced anxiety.
Colon adenocarcinoma is a frequent malignancy among all colon cancer types. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the progression of colon adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to uncover the ...molecular mechanism of VPS9D1-AS1 in regulating colon adenocarcinoma development. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that VPS9D1-AS1 expression was markedly upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Cell functional experiments showed that knockdown of VPS9D1-AS1 repressed the growth and invasion of colon adenocarcinoma cells but upregulated cell apoptosis. In addition, we confirmed the interaction of VPS9D1-AS1-miR-1301-3p-CLDN1 using a luciferase assay. Downregulation of miR-1301-3p promoted the progression of colon adenocarcinoma cells. In conclusion, VPS9D1-AS1 facilitated cell growth and suppressed apoptosis of colon adenocarcinoma cells by sponging miR-1301-3p and upregulating CLDN1, which may be effective therapeutic strategies for patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The ability to selectively forge C–heteroatom bonds by C−F scission is typically accomplished by metal catalysts, specialized ligands and/or harsh reaction conditions. Described herein is a ...base‐mediated defluorosilylation of unactivated C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F bonds that obviates the need for metal catalysts. This protocol is characterized by its simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and wide scope, even within the context of late‐stage functionalization, constituting a complementary approach to existing C−Si bond‐forming protocols.
Base motive: A base‐promoted defluorosilylation of unactivated C(sp2)−F and C(sp3)−F bonds, obviating the need for transition‐metal catalysis, specialized ligands, or harsh reaction conditions, has been developed. The salient features of this method are the mild reaction conditions, ease of execution, and wide substrate scope, even within the context of late‐stage functionalization of advanced fluorinated building blocks, thus offering a complementary reactivity mode to existing silylation technologies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two ...groups. Results： At the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin （ALB）, transferrin, and ALB parameters （P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively）. The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression （20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037） and complications related infections （ 12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012）, in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy （96% vs. 76%, P - 0.103）. Furthemlore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days （P = 0.001 ） and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times （P 〉 0.05） in the NST group. Conelusions： A NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.
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