Zika virus (ZIKV) was once considered an obscure member of the large and diverse family of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, and human infections with ZIKV were thought to be sporadic, with mild and ...self-limiting symptoms. The large-scale ZIKV epidemics in the Americas and the unexpected uncovering of a link to congenital birth defects escalated ZIKV infections to the status of a global public health emergency. Recent studies that combined reverse genetics with modelling in multiple systems have provided evidence that ZIKV has acquired additional amino acid substitutions at the same time as congenital Zika syndrome and other birth defects were detected. In this Progress article, we summarize the evolution of ZIKV during its spread from Asia to the Americas and discuss potential links to pathogenesis.
Abstract
High expression or aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is related to tumor progression and therapy resistance across cancer types, including non-small cell lung ...cancer (NSCLC). EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line therapy for NSCLC. However, patients eventually deteriorate after inevitable acquisition of EGFR TKI-resistant mutations, highlighting the need for therapeutics with alternative mechanisms of action. Here, we report that the elevated tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) is positively associated with EGFR stability and NSCLC progression. TRIB3 interacts with EGFR and recruits PKCα to induce a Thr654 phosphorylation and WWP1-induced Lys689 ubiquitination in the EGFR juxtamembrane region, which enhances EGFR recycling, stability, downstream activity, and NSCLC stemness. Disturbing the TRIB3-EGFR interaction with a stapled peptide attenuates NSCLC progression by accelerating EGFR degradation and sensitizes NSCLC cells to chemotherapeutic agents. These findings indicate that targeting EGFR degradation is a previously unappreciated therapeutic option in EGFR-related NSCLC.
Anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries are promising for next‐generation energy storage systems, especially the mobile sectors, due to their enhanced energy density, improved safety, and extended ...calendar life. However, the inefficiency of lithium plating and stripping leads to rapid capacity degradation due to the absence of excess lithium inventory. Therefore, dissecting the difficulties and challenges faced by anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries can pave the way to improving the cycle life of many lithium batteries. In this review, the key issues affecting capacity degradation are elaborated step‐by‐step based on the current understanding of anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries. Furthermore, various strategies for optimizing performance are targeted. Finally, future opportunities and possible directions for anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries are evaluated, aiming to stimulate the exploration of this emerging field.
Anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries are promising for achieving ultra‐high specific energy and high safety. The key scientific issues affecting the performance of anode‐free solid‐state lithium batteries are dissected and the optimization strategies are summarized, indicating the direction of development in this frontier hotspot.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Understanding future trajectory of urban residential building carbon emissions (URBCE) is essential to seeking effective carbon-abatement pathways to combat climate change. However, future ...evolutionary trajectory, possible emission peaks and peaking times in this sector are still unclear. This study innovatively develops an integrated dynamic simulation model by embedding a bottom-up building end-use energy model into the system dynamics model. Based on this, scenario analysis approach is combined with Monte Carlo simulation method to explore the possible emission peaks and peaking times considering the uncertainties of impact factors. We apply the integrated SD-LEAP model to Chongqing, a typical city in China's hot-summer and cold-winter zone. Results show that URBCE will probably peak at 22.8 (±8.0) Mt CO2 in 2042 (±3.4)—well beyond China's 2030 target. Different building end-uses present substantial disparities. The contribution of combined heating and cooling to URBCE mitigation will be over 60% between business-as-usual and low-carbon scenarios. Dynamic sensitivity analysis reveals that per capita gross domestic product, carbon emission factor, and residential floor space per capita can boost emission peaks and peaking time. This study can not only boost the theory and model development for carbon emission prediction, but also assist governments to set effective carbon-reduction targets and policies.
•Establishes an integrated dynamic simulation model by coupling system dynamics and LEAP model.•Projects the CO2 emissions by combining Monte Carlo simulation and scenario analysis.•Urban residential buildings will probably hit the emission peak at 22.8 (±8.0) Mts CO2 in 2042 (±3.4).•Per capita GDP, emission factor and floor space per capita contribute positively to emission peak and peaking time.•Improving building energy-efficiency and implement energy-saving retrofits are needed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The topology of the electronic structure of a crystal is manifested in its surface states. Recently, a distinct topological state has been proposed in metals or semimetals whose spin-orbit band ...structure features three-dimensional Dirac quasiparticles. We used angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to experimentally observe a pair of spin-polarized Fermi arc surface states on the surface of the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi at its native chemical potential. Our systematic results collectively identify a topological phase in a gapless material. The observed Fermi arc surface states open research frontiers in fundamental physics and possibly in spintronics.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays a key role in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms of excessive ...activation of NF-κB signaling remain largely unknown.
We used high throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) between normal human intestinal epithelial cell lines and CRC cell lines. The identification of protein encoded by circPLCE1 was performed using LC-MS. The function of novel protein was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by immunoprecipitation analyses.
A novel protein circPLCE1-411 encoded by circular RNA circPLCE1 was identified as a crucial player in the NF-κB activation of CRC. Mechanistically, circPLCE1-411 promoted the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the critical NF-κB regulator RPS3 via directly binding the HSP90α/RPS3 complex to facilitate the dissociation of RPS3 from the complex, thereby reducing NF-κB nuclear translocation in CRC cells. Functionally, circPLCE1 inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis in CRC cells, as well as patient-derived xenograft and orthotopic xenograft tumor models. Clinically, circPLCE1 was downregulated in CRC tissues and correlated with advanced clinical stages and poor survival.
circPLCE1 presents an epigenetic mechanism which disrupts NF-κB nuclear translocation and serves as a novel and promising therapeutic target and prognostic marker.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study follows our previous report (Zhang et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 31, 2019, 034105) by describing the formation and evolution of the engulfment flow in the cross‐shaped channel. First, the ...flow regimes were studied by planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). Results show the formation of a spiral vortex in the center of the chamber and the appearance of a well‐mixed zone inside the spiral vortex. Second, we proposed a novel experimental method to analyze the residence time of the fluid in the chamber, and discover an unexpected trapping region inside the well‐mixed zone. There is almost no fluid transport into or out of this region. Furthermore, three‐dimensional numerical simulation is used to reveal the origination of this trapping region. Simulation results reveal that the fluid recirculates in the trapping region and the flow feature is caused by the bubble‐type vortex breakdown.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is a relatively new optimization technique which has been shown to be competitive to other population-based algorithms. However, there is still an insufficiency ...in ABC regarding its solution search equation, which is good at exploration but poor at exploitation. Inspired by differential evolution (DE), we propose an improved solution search equation, which is based on that the bee searches only around the best solution of the previous iteration to improve the exploitation. Then, in order to make full use of and balance the exploration of the solution search equation of ABC and the exploitation of the proposed solution search equation, we introduce a selective probability P and get the new search mechanism. In addition, to enhance the global convergence, when producing the initial population, both chaotic systems and opposition-based learning methods are employed. The new search mechanism together with the proposed initialization makes up the modified ABC (MABC for short), which excludes the probabilistic selection scheme and scout bee phase. Experiments are conducted on a set of 28 benchmark functions. The results demonstrate good performance of MABC in solving complex numerical optimization problems when compared with two ABC-based algorithms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The effects of covalent cross-linking of soy protein isolate (SPI-12%) with tannic acid (TA-29,58,88,117,146 μmol/g SPI) in an alkaline environment on the structure, antioxidant activity and gelation ...characteristics of SPI-TA conjugates were found to improve all properties. After alkali treatment, the tryptophan content in the conjugate decreased and the covalent binding rate increased. The addition of TA initiated irreversible SPI modifications, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The texture analysis of the gel showed that hardness and elasticity were optimal at pH 11, and the rheological properties of the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) increased with higher TA concentrations. Analysis of the microstructure indicates that an increase in TA concentration results in a more compact network structure. Our results indicate that pH-dependent interactions between SPI and TA modify the formation of the gel in a way that improves the rheology and textural properties of the gels.
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•Hydrogels were formed by soy protein isolate (SPI) and tannic acid (TA).•The covalent cross-linking reaction changed the secondary and tertiary structure of SPI.•Crosslinking with TA further improved the antioxidant capacity of SPI.•Higher pH value induced the covalently reactive of stable hydrogel by SPI and TA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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