Genome packaging by nucleosomes is a hallmark of eukaryotes. Histones and the pathways that deposit, remove, and read histone modifications are deeply conserved. Yet, we lack information regarding ...chromatin landscapes in extant representatives of ancestors of the main groups of eukaryotes, and our knowledge of the evolution of chromatin-related processes is limited. We used the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha, which diverged from vascular plants circa 400 mya, to obtain a whole chromosome genome assembly and explore the chromatin landscape and three-dimensional genome organization in an early diverging land plant lineage. Based on genomic profiles of ten chromatin marks, we conclude that the relationship between active marks and gene expression is conserved across land plants. In contrast, we observed distinctive features of transposons and other repetitive sequences in Marchantia compared with flowering plants. Silenced transposons and repeats did not accumulate around centromeres. Although a large fraction of constitutive heterochromatin was marked by H3K9 methylation as in flowering plants, a significant proportion of transposons were marked by H3K27me3, which is otherwise dedicated to the transcriptional repression of protein-coding genes in flowering plants. Chromatin compartmentalization analyses of Hi-C data revealed that repressed B compartments were densely decorated with H3K27me3 but not H3K9 or DNA methylation as reported in flowering plants. We conclude that, in early plants, H3K27me3 played an essential role in heterochromatin function, suggesting an ancestral role of this mark in transposon silencing.
•A database combining genomic information and chromatin profiles for Marchantia•Correlations between chromatin marks and transcription are conserved in land plants•A significant portion of constitutive heterochromatin is marked by H3K27me3•Insights into the evolution of TAD organization in plants
Montgomery et al. provide a chromosome-scale genome assembly of the early diverging land plant Marchantia polymorpha. Profiling of chromatin marks shows conserved roles of active marks and suggests an ancestral association between H3K27me3 and transposons that is partly retained in Marchantia and replaced by H3K9 methylation in flowering plants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
MicroRNAs (miRs) play critical roles in cancer development, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration through regulating the expression of oncogenes and tumour ...suppressor genes. Previous studies have indicated that miR-200c acts as a tumour suppressor in various cancers by downregulating high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and thereby suppressing EMT and metastasis. In addition, miR-200c was reported to be downregulated and correlated with poor outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its functional role in HMGB1 regulation in NSCLC is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify whether miR-200c acts as a tumour suppressor in NSCLC by downregulating HMGB1, which is associated with EMT, invasion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and migration in vitro and in vivo. In order to demonstrate HMGB1 downregulation by miR-200c, the NSCLC cell line A549 was transfected with miR-200c mimic or inhibitor. The mimic significantly reduced HMGB1 expression and suppressed EMT, invasion, and migration, while the inhibitor generated the opposite effects. Additionally, using xenograft mouse models, we confirmed that HMGB1 overexpression increased tumour EMT. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-200c could suppress EMT, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells by downregulating HMGB1.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This work demonstrated the first synthetic application of direct C−H olefinations in the step‐saving preparation of various hole‐transporting materials (HTM) for efficient perovskite solar cells ...(PSC). Cross‐dehydrogenative couplings of naphthodithiophene (NDT) with vinyl arenes under palladium‐catalysis facilely generated various new oligo(hetero)aryls with internal alkenes. Reaction conditions were optimized, which gave the product isolated yields of up to 71 % with high (E)‐stereoselectivity. These readily accessible NDT core‐based small molecules involving olefin as π‐spacers displayed immediate power conversion efficiencies of up to 17.2 % without a device oxidation process that is required for the commercially available spiro‐OMeTAD and most other existing HTMs while fabricated in corresponding PSC devices.
For the first time, C−H/C−H cross‐dehydrogenative couplings (direct C−H olefinations) are used as key step to access small‐molecule hole‐transporting materials (HTMs). NDT core‐based HTMs incorporating additional olefins as π‐spacers substantially improve the PCE of perovskite solar cells of up to 17.2 %.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper provides a novel method for facial expression recognition, which distinguishes itself with the following two main contributions. First, an improved facial feature, called the ...expression-specific local binary pattern (es-LBP), is presented by emphasizing the partial information of human faces on particular fiducial points. Second, to enhance the connection between facial features and expression classes, class-regularized locality preserving projection (cr-LPP) is proposed, which aims at maximizing the class independence and simultaneously preserving the local feature similarity via dimensionality reduction. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is very effective for facial expression recognition.
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•The es-LBP, the es-LBP-s, and cr-LPP are proposed for facial expression recognition.•The es-LBP computes the local LBP histograms around some particular fiducial points.•To further include the spatial information, symmetric extension is also applied.•Cr-LPP can enhance the connection between facial features and expressions.•Simulations show that the proposed algorithm achieves the highest recognition rate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) pathology involves extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in cardiac tissues, thus promoting cardiac fibrosis progression. miR-29a-3p reportedly inhibits lung ...progression and liver fibrosis by regulating ECM protein expression; however, its role in PAH-induced fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-29a-3p in cardiac fibrosis progression in PAH and its influence on ECM protein thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) expression. The diagnostic and prognostic values of miR-29a-3p and THBS2 in PAH were evaluated. The expressions and effects of miR-29a-3p and THBS2 were assessed in cell culture, monocrotaline-induced PAH mouse model, and patients with PAH. The levels of circulating miR-29a-3p and THBS2 in patients and mice with PAH decreased and increased, respectively. miR-29a-3p directly targets THBS2 and regulates THBS2 expression via a direct anti-fibrotic effect on PAH-induced cardiac fibrosis. The circulating levels of miR-29a-3p and THBS2 were correlated with PAH diagnostic parameters, suggesting their independent prognostic value. miR-29a-3p targeted THBS2 expression via a direct anti-fibrotic effect on PAH-induced cardiac fibrosis, indicating miR-29a-3p acts as a messenger with promising therapeutic effects.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, the newly synthesized polyaniline (PANI)/polyethylenimine modified nitrogen doped graphene quantum dot (PN‐GQD)/tungsten oxide (WO3) ternary composites were used as ammonia (NH3) gas ...sensor detected the NH3 at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to illustrate the chemical structure and morphology of the fabricated ternary composites. The NH3 gas‐sensing performances of PANI/PN‐GQD/WO3 composite sensor were determined in the concentration between 0.6 and 2.0 ppm at room temperature and the response value of the ternary composite sensor with an exposure of 1.0 ppm NH3 was 19.9, which was much better than those of PANI and PANI/WO3 sensors. Because their highly sensitive detection of NH3 ranging from the concentration between 0.6 and 2.0 ppm at room temperature, the PANI/PN‐GQD/WO3 composite sensor was confirmed to be extremely effective to detect the kidney or hepatic disease from the human breath. This ternary composite sensor with an exposure of 1.0 and 2.0 ppm NH3 also displayed extraordinary repeatability and selectivity at room temperature. According to these findings, this fabricated PANI/PN‐GQD/WO3 composite sensor will be an excellent gas‐sensing material to detect the kidney or hepatic disease from the human breath.
The schematic illustration of sensing mechanism of PANI/PN‐GQD/WO3 composite sensors, , which can be used to detect the kidney or hepatic disease from the human breath.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
NEDDylation is a type of protein post‐translational modification that has high similarity to ubiquitination. UBE1C encodes NEDDylation E1 enzyme, locates at chromatin region 3p14.1 and shows high ...gene dosage amplification frequency in both Asian and Caucasian lung cancer patients. However, its NEDDylation substrates and roles in tumorigenesis remain elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the oncogenic role of UBE1C and its involvement in how NEDDylation regulates p53 in lung cancer. We found that UBE1C mRNA overexpression and DNA amplification in most of the lung cell lines and cancer patients. Patients with UBE1C overexpression showed poor prognosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that overexpression of UBE1C and NEDD8, a NEDDylation moiety, resulted in the p53 NEDDylation with inhibition of p53 acetylation at K373 residue. Importantly, UBE1C‐mediated NEDDylation downregulated the transcriptional activity of p53 by inhibiting p53 ability to target promoter regions of its downstream transcription targets, consequently inhibiting the promoter activities and the expression of mRNA and protein of the p53 downstream genes including p21 and PTEN. In addition, UBE1C and NEDD8 overexpression promoted migration, invasion, and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Our findings suggest that UBE1C acts as an oncogene with prognostic potential and highlight a potential role of UBE1C‐mediated NEDDylation in downregulation of p53 transcriptional activity in lung cancer.
This study elucidates how UBE1C E1‐activating enzyme regulates p53 NEDDylation with NEDD8, a NEDDylation moiety. Acetylated p53 binds to its transcriptional sites promoting the expression of its downstream genes. However, UBE1C is significantly overexpressed in lung cancer patients with poor prognosis. UBE1C‐mediated NEDDylation of p53 reduces its binding to promoters, leading to decreased expression of p53 downstream genes. Collectively, UBE1C possesses oncogenic functions in lung cancer through the downregulation of p53 transcription activity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Holograms, the optical devices to reconstruct predesigned images, show many applications in our daily life. However, applications of hologram are still limited by the constituent materials and ...therefore their working range is trapped at a particular electromagnetic region. In recent years, the metasurfaces, an array of subwavelength antenna with varying sizes, show the abilities to manipulate the phase of incident electromagnetic wave from visible to microwave frequencies. Here, we present a reflective-type and high-efficiency meta-hologram fabricated by metasurface for visible wavelength. Using gold cross nanoantennas as building blocks to construct our meta-hologram devices with thickness ∼ λ/4, the reconstructed images of meta-hologram show polarization-controlled dual images with high contrast, functioning for both coherent and incoherent light sources within a broad spectral range and under a wide range of incidence angles. The flexibility demonstrated here for our meta-hologram paves the road to a wide range of applications related to holographic images at arbitrary electromagnetic wave region.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Mn4+‐doped fluoride phosphors have been widely used in wide‐gamut backlighting devices because of their extremely narrow emission band. Solid solutions of Na2(SixGe1−x)F6:Mn4+ and ...Na2(GeyTi1−y)F6:Mn4+ were successfully synthesized to elucidate the behavior of the zero‐phonon line (ZPL) in different structures. The ratio between ZPL and the highest emission intensity υ6 phonon sideband exhibits a strong relationship with luminescent decay rate. First‐principles calculations are conducted to model the variation in the structural and electronic properties of the prepared solid solutions as a function of the composition. To compensate for the limitations of the Rietveld refinement, electron paramagnetic resonance and high‐resolution steady‐state emission spectra are used to confirm the diverse local environment for Mn4+ in the structure. Finally, the spectral luminous efficacy of radiation (LER) is used to reveal the important role of ZPL in practical applications.
Solid solutions of Na2(SixGe1−x)F6:Mn4+ and Na2(GeyTi1−y)F6:Mn4+ were successfully synthesized by the co‐precipitation method to elucidate the behavior of the zero‐phonon line (ZPL) owing to its high sensitivity to the local coordinated environment. The control of the ZPL is examined from the view of structure, electronic, and optical properties. All show promise in the practical application of white‐light diodes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
As one of the largest families of angiosperms, the Orchidaceae family is diverse.
Dendrobium
represents the second largest genus of the Orchidaceae. However, an assembled high-quality genome ...of species in this genus is lacking. Here, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome of
Dendrobium chrysotoxum
, an important ornamental and medicinal orchid species. The assembled genome size of
D. chrysotoxum
was 1.37 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 1.54 Mb. Of the sequences, 95.75% were anchored to 19 pseudochromosomes. There were 30,044 genes predicted in the
D. chrysotoxum
genome. Two whole-genome polyploidization events occurred in
D. chrysotoxum
. In terms of the second event, whole-genome duplication (WGD) was also found to have occurred in other Orchidaceae members, which diverged mainly via gene loss immediately after the WGD event occurred; the first duplication was found to have occurred in most monocots (tau event). We identified sugar transporter (
SWEET
) gene family expansion, which might be related to the abundant medicinal compounds and fleshy stems of
D. chrysotoxum
. MADS-box genes were identified in
D. chrysotoxum
, as well as members of TPS and Hsp90 gene families, which are associated with resistance, which may contribute to the adaptive evolution of orchids. We also investigated the interplay among carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene biosynthesis in
D. chrysotoxum
to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the short flowering period of orchids with yellow flowers. The reference
D. chrysotoxum
genome will provide important insights for further research on medicinal active ingredients and breeding and enhances the understanding of orchid evolution.
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