Abstract
Although general relativity (GR) has been precisely tested at the solar system scale, precise tests at a galactic or cosmological scale are still relatively insufficient. Here, in order to ...test GR at the galactic scale, we use the newly compiled galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing (SGL) sample to constrain the parameter
γ
PPN
in the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism. We employ the Pantheon sample of Type Ia supernova observations to calibrate the distances in the SGL systems using the Gaussian Process method, which avoids the logical problem caused by assuming a cosmological model within GR to determine the distances in the SGL sample. Furthermore, we consider three typical lens models in this work to investigate the influences of the lens-mass distributions on the fitting results. We find that the choice of lens models has a significant impact on the constraints on the PPN parameter
γ
PPN
. By using a minimum
χ
2
comparison and the Bayesian information criterion as evaluation tools to make comparisons for the fitting results of the three lens models, we find that the most reliable lens model gives the result of
γ
PPN
=
1.065
−
0.074
+
0.064
, which is in good agreement with the prediction of
γ
PPN
= 1 by GR. As far as we know, our 6.4% constraint result is the best result so far among recent works using the SGL method.
Long-Term Efficacy of a Hepatitis E Vaccine Zhang, Jun; Zhang, Xue-Feng; Huang, Shou-Jie ...
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
03/2015, Volume:
372, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Hepatitis E virus is a common cause of illness worldwide and is associated with severe complications, especially in pregnant women. In this report, the long-term efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety ...of a hepatitis E vaccine are described.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide.
1
,
2
HEV infection occurs in two distinct epidemiologic patterns.
3
The most common pattern is waterborne infection, which is caused by HEV genotype 1 or 2 and occurs mainly in resource-limited countries, often in large, protracted outbreaks or in sporadic cases associated with high mortality among pregnant women.
4
–
6
The other pattern is transmission from animals and humans, which is caused by HEV genotype 3 or 4 and occurs widely in both resource-limited and developed countries.
1
,
7
–
9
Rein et al.
10
estimated the incidence of hepatitis E in areas . . .
A new tetrapyrazole-modified tetraphenylethene (TPE) ligand
L
was designed and found to display "turn-on" fluorescence when it combines with Ag
+
ions in dilute solution by restricting intramolecular ...rotation of TPE. A series of Ag complexes
1-7
were obtained, and they exhibit excellent fluorescence properties in the solid state. Compared with PF
6
−
, the silver complex with the CF
3
SO
3
−
anion can further enhance its fluorescence due to the transformation of its structure from Ag
2
L
(
2
) to Ag
4
L
2
(
3
). As zero-dimensional complexes,
1
and
3
have excellent piezochromic properties with a color change from blue to green. Furthermore, structural changes of
1
and
3
to the corresponding three-dimensional frameworks
4
and
5
occur upon immersing in ethanol. In addition,
1
can act as a potential fluorescent probe for sensing nitrile compounds.
A series of Ag complexes
1-7
with pyrazole-tetraphenylethene ligands were fabricated and their fluorescence and sensing properties were examined.
The organocatalytic sequential block copolymerization of dissimilar monomers with distinct chemical characteristics is very challenging, usually involving the integration of different polymerization ...mechanisms. In this contribution, we report the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers
via
sequential anionic addition polymerization of methacrylates and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters using cooperative organocatalysis. The potential organocatalysts were first optimized for the two individual polymerizations: namely, addition polymerization of methacrylates and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. Subsequently, the poly(methacrylate-
block
-esters) were synthesized with the optimal
t
-BuP
4
/isopropyl thiourea
via
sequential monomer addition, based on the living/controlled features in each polymerization cycle.
t
-BuP
4
/isopropyl thiourea exhibited broad monomer adaptability and allowed the fabrication of structurally diverse block polymers. The block copolymers were stringently confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC),
1
H and
13
C NMR, diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Accordingly, a green and straightforward approach to preparing well-defined and diversified block polymers from different types of monomers was developed for the first time.
Facile synthesis of well-defined block copolymers from "one-pot" sequential copolymerization of (meth)acrylates and cyclic esters were achieved by the optimal
t
-BuP
4
/(thio)ureas cooperative catalyst.
Abstract
Background
Disability was a major public health problem in China. However, the prevalence of disabilities in community-dwelling adults and their relationships to chronic physical conditions ...were unclear. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of disabilities and associated factors among a large community-based cohort in China.
Methods
Participants who were local permanent residents aged 18 years or above and completed the disability assessments were selected from the Cohort study on Chronic Disease of Communities Natural Population in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (CHCN-BTH) from 2017 to 2019. Disability was assessed using five questions about impairments and activity limitations based on the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), Disability and Health. Univariate, multivariate and multilevel logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the associations between disabilities and associated factors.
Results
Totally, 12,871 community-dwelling adults completed the survey. Among of them, 12.9% (95% CI: 12.3%-13.5%) reported having any disability. The prevalence of any disability was significantly higher in participants who were older age, widowed, retired and smokers, had higher BMI, average monthly income < 5000 RMB, lower education level, lower physical exercise frequency and heavy physical labor. Multilevel logistic regressions showed that there were significant associations between disabilities with chronic physical conditions, especially in the vision impairment with lower back pain, and hearing impairment as well as difficulty walking without special equipment with injuries.
Conclusions
Many Chinese adults suffered from disabilities. Sustained efforts should be made to develop specific population-based health promotion and prevention programs for disabilities in China.
Trail registration
ChiCTR1900024725 (25/07/2019).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Zinc porphyrin-based polymer (ZnTEPP-PBI) has wide optical absorption range. By using ZnTEPP-PBI as the photocatalyst, the oxidative coupling of amines to imines was efficiently realized under ...visible light.
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The application of porous organic polymers is an emerging area of heterogeneous photocatalytic organic synthesis. In principle, the transfer of energy and electrons is significant to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. To obtain an efficient energy- and electron-transfer catalytic system, a porous organic polymer exhibiting both electron donor and electron acceptor properties (ZnTEPP-PBI) was synthesized using zinc porphyrin (ZnTEPP) and perylene bisimide (PBI) monomers as the structural units. Compared with that of ZnTEPP, the optical absorption range of the ZnTEPP-PBI polymer was expanded due to the introduction of the PBI monomer. By using ZnTEPP-PBI as the photocatalyst, the oxidative coupling of amines to imines was efficiently realized under visible light. In addition, a plausible pathway for the mechanism for the enhanced energy and electron transfer was proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and transformation are important for decreasing the concentration of atmospheric CO2. To effectively capture CO2 and further fix it into valuable chemical products, ...functionalized dynamic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been utilized not only because of their inherent cavity for accommodating CO2 but also owing to their reversible structural transformations in response to external stimuli for regulating the reaction. Herein, we report a dynamic and functional MOF Cd3(L)2(BDC)32⋅16 DMF (MOF‐1 a; DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide) achieved by reaction of the amino tripodal imidazole ligand N1‐(4‐(1 H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzyl)‐N1‐ (2‐aminoethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (L) and 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) with cadmium salt. MOF‐1 a not only shows unprecedented high catalytic activity initial turnover number (TON) up to 9300 and broad substrate scope for the carboxylative cyclization of propargylamines with CO2, but also can be switched on and off upon reversible structural transformation owing to its dynamic five‐fold interpenetrating structure. Further studies demonstrate that MOF‐1 a shows selective catalytic properties depending on the size of substrates, similarly to sophisticated biological systems.
Capture and transform it: The construction of a flexible and switchable 3D MOF‐1 a is described, which is decorated with NH2 groups and can not only realize the capture of CO2 but also demonstrates selective heterogeneous catalytic properties depending on the size of the catalytic substrates, in a similar way to sophisticated biological systems.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The establishment of agricultural economies based upon domestic animals began independently in many parts of the world and led to both increases in human population size and the migration of people ...carrying domestic plants and animals. The precise circumstances of the earliest phases of these events remain mysterious given their antiquity and the fact that subsequent waves of migrants have often replaced the first. Through the use of more than 1,500 modern (including 151 previously uncharacterized specimens) and 18 ancient (representing six East Asian archeological sites) pig (Sus scrofa) DNA sequences sampled across East Asia, we provide evidence for the long-term genetic continuity between modern and ancient Chinese domestic pigs. Although the Chinese case for independent pig domestication is supported by both genetic and archaeological evidence, we discuss five additional (and possibly) independent domestications of indigenous wild boar populations: one in India, three in peninsular Southeast Asia, and one off the coast of Taiwan. Collectively, we refer to these instances as "cryptic domestication," given the current lack of corroborating archaeological evidence. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of numerous populations of genetically distinct and widespread wild boar populations that have not contributed maternal genetic material to modern domestic stocks. The overall findings provide the most complete picture yet of pig evolution and domestication in East Asia, and generate testable hypotheses regarding the development and spread of early farmers in the Far East.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The stability and functionality of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are particularly important in considering their potential and/or practical use. Herein we report two novel aldehyde functional ...group-containing MOFs Zn2(L)(BDC)2·2DMF·MeOH·H2O (1) and Co2(L)(BDC)2·2DMF·2MeOH·H2O (2) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, MeOH = methanol) achieved by reactions of mixed organic ligands of 2,4-bis(pyridin-4-yl)methoxybenzaldehyde (L) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2BDC) with the corresponding metal salts under solvothermal conditions. Both 1 and 2 are 2-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional (3D) frameworks. Particularly, 1 exhibits excellent water and wide-range pH stability, and a large Qst value for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. Furthermore, photoluminescence (PL) studies indicate that 1 could be considered as a potential luminescent probe for detection of nitroaromatics.
Background and Purpose
It is well known that microsatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) is associated with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) resistance in colorectal cancer. MSI‐H is the phenotype of DNA mismatch ...repair deficiency (MMR‐D), mainly occurring due to hypermethylation of MLH1 promoter CpG island. However, the mechanisms of MMR‐D/MSI‐H are unclear. We aim to investigate the pathway of MMR‐D/MSI‐H involved in 5‐FU resistance.
Experimental Approach
Human colorectal cancer specimens were diagnosed for MSI‐H by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Proteome microarray interactome assay was performed to screen nuclear proteins interacting with ATG5. Nuclear ATG5 and ATG5‐Mis18α overexpression were analysed in ATG5high colorectal cancer bearing mice. The methylation assay determined the hypermethylation of hMLH1 promoter CpG island in freshly isolated human colorectal cancer tissue samples and HT29atg5 and SW480atg5 cancer cells.
Key Results
In ATG5high colorectal cancer patients, 5‐FU‐based therapy resulted in nuclear translocation of ATG5, leading to MSI‐H. Colorectal cancer in Atg5 Tg mice demonstrated 5‐FU resistance, compared to Atg5+/− and WT mice. Proteome microarray assay identified Mis18α, a protein localized on the centromere and a source for methylation of the underlying chromatin, which responded to the translocated nuclear ATG5 leading to ATG5‐Mis18α conjugate overexpression. This resulted in MLH1 deficiency due to hypermethylation of hMLH1 promoter CpG island, while the deletion of nuclear Mis18α failed to induce ATG5‐Mis18α complex and MMR‐D/MSI‐H.
Conclusions and Implications
Nuclear ATG5 resulted in MMR‐D/MSI‐H through its interaction with Mis18α in ATG5high colorectal cancer cells. We suggest that ATG5‐Mis18α or Mis18α may be a therapeutic target for treating colorectal cancer.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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