Previous studies have demonstrated strong associations between host genetic factors and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) VCA‐IgA with the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the specific ...interplay between host genetics and EBV VCA‐IgA on NPC risk is not well understood. In this two‐stage case–control study (N = 4804), we utilized interaction and mediation analysis to investigate the interplay between host genetics (genome‐wide association study‐derived polygenic risk score PRS) and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody level in the NPC risk. We employed a four‐way decomposition analysis to assess the extent to which the genetic effect on NPC risk is mediated by or interacts with EBV VCA‐IgA. We consistently found a significant interaction between the PRS and EBV VCA‐IgA on NPC risk (discovery population: synergy index SI = 2.39, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.85–3.10; replication population: SI = 3.10, 95% CI = 2.17–4.44; all pinteraction < 0.001). Moreover, the genetic variants included in the PRS demonstrated similar interactions with EBV VCA‐IgA antibody. We also observed an obvious dose–response relationship between the PRS and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody on NPC risk (all ptrend < 0.001). Furthermore, our decomposition analysis revealed that a substantial proportion (approximately 90%) of the genetic effects on NPC risk could be attributed to host genetic‐EBV interaction, while the risk effects mediated by EBV VCA‐IgA antibody were weak and statistically insignificant. Our study provides compelling evidence for an interaction between host genetics and EBV VCA‐IgA antibody in the development of NPC. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing measures to control EBV infection as a crucial strategy for effectively preventing NPC, particularly in individuals at high genetic risk.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
The aim of our study was to determine possible predictors and clinical course of mixed chimerism (MC) in aplastic anemia after transplantation.
Methods
A total of 207 transplants were ...obtained from haploidentical donors (HID) using busulfan (Bu), cyclophosphamide (Cy), and anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) regimens, and 69 transplants from matched related donors (MRD) and 29 transplants from unrelated donors (URD) using Cy/ATG regimens were obtained.
Results
Incidences of MC were 1.93 ± 0.01%, 20.29 ± 0.01%, and 35.71 ± 0.01% in HID, MRD, and URD transplantation (p < .001). In multivariate analysis, incidence of MC was significantly higher in patients without adding Bu in conditioning (p < .001) and receiving a lower number of CD3 + cells in graft (p = .042). MC was associated with significantly lower II‐IV aGvHD (3.70% vs. 27.7%, p = .007), but higher secondary graft rejection rates (14.8% vs. 0.4%, p < .001) and poorer overall survival (72.7 ± 8.9% vs. 89.6 ± 2.0%, p = .011) than those of donor chimerism cohort.
Conclusions
Mixed chimerism was an unsettling status even in non‐malignancy. Haploidentical transplantation with more intense regimen by adding Bu to Cy and ATG was associated with reduced MC following HSCT for SAA. An intensified regimen should be explored in matched related or unrelated donors.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Control of solidification structure and crystallographic texture during metal additive manufacturing is a challenging work which attracts the increasing interest of researchers. In the present work, ...two kinds of scanning strategies (i.e., single-directional scanning (SDS) and cross-directional scanning (CDS) were used to control the solidification structure and crystallographic texture during quasi-continuous-wave laser additive manufacturing (QCW-LAM) of Inconel 718. The results show that the solidification structure and texture are strongly dependent on scanning strategies. The SDS develops a typical fiber texture with unidirectional columnar grains, whereas the CDS develops a more random texture with a mixture of unidirectional and multidirectional grains. In addition, the SDS promotes the continuously epitaxial growth of columnar dendrites and results in the linearly distributed Laves phase particles, while the CDS leads to the alternately distributed Laves phase particles with chain-like morphology and discrete morphology. The changed stacking features of molten-pool boundary and the switched heat flow direction caused by different scanning strategies plays a crucial role on the epitaxial growth of dendrites and the final solidification structure of the fabricated parts.
Background
Fibrosis in multiple organs increases with age. Circulating fibrocytes are bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitors that contribute to heart, lung, and kidney fibrosis under the ...diseased conditions. Whether circulating fibrocytes contribute to aging-related fibrosis is very limited.
Methods and results
We measured the proportion and differentiation of circulating fibrocytes (CD45
+
/CD34
+
/collagen I
+
) from elders (
n
= 12) and adults (
n
= 12) using flow cytometry. Differentiated fibrocytes in the culture dishes were isolated and microarray was performed. The percentage of circulating fibrocytes in elders (1.95 ± 0.43%) was comparable to that in the adults (1.71 ± 0.38%). Cultured fibrocytes displayed enhanced potential of differentiation in the elder group (67.91 ± 5.88%) vs the adult group (44.03 ± 7.98%). In addition, expression of fibroblast activation markers and cell migratory ability were also increased in differentiated fibrocytes from elders. Microarray analysis revealed that differentiated fibrocytes from elders expressed high level of interleukin-18 (IL-18) receptor 1 (IL-18R1). Furthermore, we found IL-18 was elevated in the plasma of elders and IL-18/IL-18R1 was shown to promote fibrocyte differentiation.
Conclusion
Circulating fibrocytes from elders had an enhanced capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts, and might contribute to age-dependent fibrosis. Age-dependent increment of differentiation at least in part arose from their enhanced expression of IL-18R1. Inhibiting fibrocyte differentiation might be useful as an adjuvant treatment to delay the fibrosis process in aging population.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We report the photometric analysis of SU UMa based on the observations of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TESS has released a large amount of data, which contains the light curves ...of a complete superoutburst and three normal outbursts of SU UMa. Based on the observations, the evolution of superhumps during the superoutburst was analyzed. By using the O - C method, the three stages were determined, and the superhump period for each stage was calculated. The mass ratio q=0.137(1) was estimated based on the stage A superhump method. A periodic oscillation with a period of 2.17(9) days was found in the superhump minimum O - C diagram, which is related to the precession of the accretion disk. We investigated the frequency information of quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) in the light curves. An ultralong period QPO of 0.18 days at the time of normal outburst and two ultralong periods QPOs of 0.19 days and 0.285 days in quiescence were found. No QPO was found in the superoutburst.
•Analysis of superhumps in SU UMa based on the observations of TESS.•Constraint of the mass ratio of SU UMa.•Discoveries of three QPOs during normal outbursts and quiescence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
Licensed natural killer (NK) cells have been demonstrated to have anti‐cytomegalovirus (CMV) activity. We prospectively analysed the human leucocyte antigen typing of donor‐recipient pairs ...and the killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) typing of donors for 180 leukaemia patients to assess the predictive roles of licensed NK cells on CMV reactivation post‐T‐cell‐replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Multivariate analysis showed that donor‐recipient KIR ligand graft‐versus‐host or host‐versus‐graft direction mismatch was associated with increased refractory CMV infection (Hazard ratio = 2·556, 95% confidence interval, 1·377–4·744, P = 0·003) post‐transplantation. Donor‐recipient KIR ligand matching decreased CMV reactivation 51·65% (46·67, 56·62%) vs. 75·28% (70·87, 79·69%), P = 0·012, refractory CMV infection 17·58% (13·77, 21·40%) vs. 35·96% (31·09, 40·82%), P = 0·004 and CMV disease 3·30% (1·51, 5·08%) vs. 11·24% (8·04, 14·43%), P = 0·024 by day 100 post‐transplantation. In addition, the percentage of γ‐interferon expression on donor‐derived NK cells was significantly higher in the recipients among the recipient‐donor pairs with a KIR ligand match compared with that in the recipients among the pairs with a KIR ligand graft‐versus‐host or host‐versus‐graft direction mismatch on days 30 and 100 post‐transplantation (P = 0·036 and 0·047, respectively). These findings have suggested that donor‐recipient KIR ligand matching might promote the NK cell licensing process, thereby increasing NK cell‐mediated protection against CMV reactivation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The relationship between active ingredients and biological activity of eight representative mulberry cultivars from eastern China were investigated.
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•Eight representative mulberry ...cultivars from eastern China were investigated.•Polyphenols in mulberry leaves extracts were related to their antioxidant activities.•Mulberry cultivated species Yu711 has good content of alkaloids and polyphenols.•Qiangsang 1 has high content of DNJ and could be a natural DNJ resource.
Mulberry (Morus alba L.), a traditional industrial crop, has various cultivars and a large planting area in China and consequently, high exploitation potential. The aim of this study was to systematically study the mulberry resources in eastern China. Twenty-four mulberry leaf samples of eight representative cultivars from five provinces in eastern China were investigated. The alkaloid and polyphenols contents were determined by HPLC–MS/MS, and the total polyphenols and flavonoid contents were also obtained. Then, FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH tests were used to determine the antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves. The results indicated that the content of 1-deoxynojirimycin was within the range of 0.438 ± 0.010 mg/g–2.159 ± 0.016 mg/g, and the content of fagomine ranged from 0.379 ± 0.018 mg/g to 1.675 ± 0.021 mg/g. The samples from Anhui had the best antioxidant activity, of which the DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity reached 70.837 ± 1.246%, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power was 258.864 ± 22.718 mmol Fe2+/g. The principal component analysis results showed that there was a good correlation between the total polyphenols content, total flavonoid content, chlorogenic acid content, and antioxidant activity. Considering the active ingredient contents and antioxidant activity, we found that Yu711 was the most economically valuable variety, and Anhui is the best location to promote mulberry cultivation in eastern China, which provides a basis for the rational utilization of mulberry industrial products.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Capability of maximum likelihood estimator for autocorrelation distances is assessed.•Effect of autocorrelation structure on autocorrelation distance estimation is studied.•A clustered borehole ...layout scheme is used to estimate autocorrelation distances.•A resampling method is proposed to estimate autocorrelation distances.•The proposed methods are illustrated using some real SPT and CPT data.
A simultaneous estimation of the vertical and horizontal autocorrelation distances (ACDs) for geotechnical properties under the condition of limited data (fewer than one hundred data points) is not well studied. This paper evaluates the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in estimating autocorrelation distances using some simulated data. The effect of the autocorrelation structure on the accuracy of ACD estimation is also investigated. It is found that MLE may produce highly biased estimations if limited data are available. Hence, a clustered borehole layout scheme and a resampling method are proposed to improve the estimation accuracy. The methods are illustrated using some simulated data, standard penetration test (SPT) data and cone penetration test (CPT) data. It is found that the clustered borehole layout scheme and resampling method yield more accurate estimations of ACDs in analyses using both the simulated data and real data.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The ring‐opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of biorenewable glycidyl ethers with 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin (DHC) was achieved by using metal‐free Lewis pair as catalyst. This mild process provided ...access to renewable polyesters with perfectly alternating structures and functional groups fidelity. Remarkably, we observed highly regioregular arrangement of substituents along with poly(phenol ether‐alt‐ester) backbone. A one‐step strategy to block copolymer could also be realized by terpolymerization of DHC, epoxides with cyclic anhydrides via pre‐rate‐determining selectivity. Post‐polymerization modification of the resultant polyesters was further performed by thiol‐ene click reaction of vinyl, Diels–Alder reaction of furyl, cleavage reaction of benzyl ethers and tetrazine click reaction. By incorporating two different pendant functional groups into a copolymer, combinatorial and selective functionalization was achieved for introducing additional functionality, giving a route to highly modifiable polyesters. Therefore, this work provides a paradigm for designing functional and regioregular polyesters as a green synthetic toolbox derived from organocatalysis and renewable feedstocks.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In photocatalytic degradation fields, the flexible photocatalyst is considered as an appealing alternative to powders photocatalyst due to its environmental-friendly features and easily recyclable. ...In this work, in situ growth of Cu7S4 nanosheets are elaborately designed via a facile anodisation technique to form large-sized and uniform nanosheets on flexible copper mesh. The morphology of Cu7S4 nanosheets on copper mesh (Cu mesh/Cu7S4) can be easily adjusted by the controllable crystal seed layer. The methylene blue (MB) is degraded with synergistic effect of photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction under simulated sunlight. Compared with conventional photocatalytic degradation, the photocatalytic Fenton-like degradation rate of MB have been can be improved 8.83 times and reached up to nearly 98.4% within 140 min. More importantly, the flexible Cu mesh/Cu7S4 catalyst films effectively avoids the secondary pollution caused by the powder catalyst. Due to its controllable morphology, large-sized, uniform, low-cost and easy recovery, the flexible Cu mesh/Cu7S4 films demonstrate great potential application as an efficient next generation photocatalysts candidate.
The optical image of Cu mesh/Cu7S4 (a). The low magnification SEM image of Cu mesh/Cu7S4 (b). Mechanism for the possible separation and transfer of the photo-induced carrier in Cu mesh/Cu7S4 (c). Display omitted
•Flexible and large-scale films of Cu mesh/Cu7S4 was easily prepared via anodization method.•The morphology of Cu mesh/Cu7S4 can be easily adjusted by the controllable crystal seed layer.•With the synergistic effect of photocatalytic Fenton-like, the degradation rate have been can be improved 8.83 times.•The plausible formation mechanism of Cu mesh/Cu7S4 and the synergistic effect of photocatalytic Fenton-like are proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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